Uvakalelo Lokutsha Kweenyawo: Izizathu, Iimpawu kunye Neendlela Zolawulo
Yintoni Ukutshisa Kweenyawo?
Ukutshisa kweenyawo, kwabanye abantu kuvela ngokuthambileyo, kanti kwabanye kungabonakala ngakumbi kwaye kube yinto engakhululekanga. Le meko idla ngokubonakala ngokwanda kobushushu kunye nentlungu ezantsi kweenyawo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokusasazeka ukuya emadolweni nasezinyaweni. Ukutshisa kunye nentlungu kunokuhlala kuqhubeka, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kungancipha okanye kunyamalale. Ukongeza, kule mimandla kunokubonakala iimvakalelo zokurhawuzelela okanye ukungaboni mnandi.
Yintoni Isifo Sokutshisa Kweenyawo?
Kwezonyango, ukutshisa kweenyawo, ekwaziwa njenge "Grierson-Gopalan syndrome", sisifo esidla ngokuvakala ezantsi kweenyawo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sinokufikelela emadolweni nasezinyaweni. Esi sifo sibonakala ngokwanda kobushushu obungakhululekanga, ukutshisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungaboni mnandi kunye nokurhawuzelela. Ubunzima beempawu buyahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi buye bube mandundu ebusuku kwaye buphazamise umgangatho wokulala.
Imeko yokuba iinyawo zibe novakalelo olugqithisileyo nakwimvakalelo encinci ibizwa ngokuba yi "hyperesthesia" kwaye ixhaphake kwisifo sokutshisa kweenyawo. Ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lweempawu eziqhelekileyo ezihamba nesi sifo:
Ukonyuka kobushushu okanye ukutshisa, ngakumbi ebusuku
Ukungaboni mnandi kunye nokurhawuzelela ezinyaweni okanye emadolweni
Intlungu ebukhali, ebetha okanye efana nokufakwa kwemela
Imvakalelo yobunzima okanye intlungu ethambileyo ezinyaweni
Ubomvu kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo esikhumbeni
Uvakalelo olugqithisileyo xa kuchukunyiswa
Ubunzima kunye nexesha leempawu bunokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Omnye umntu anganzwa ukutshisa okuthambileyo okuqhubekayo, kanti omnye angaziva le ntlungu ngamaxesha athile kodwa ngamandla amakhulu.
Yintoni Ebangela Imvakalelo Yokutshisa Kweenyawo?
Phakathi kwezona zizathu ziphambili zokutshisa kweenyawo kukwenzakala kweemithambo-luvo, okubizwa ngokuba yi "neuropathy". Oku kuqhelekile ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo seswekile eside okanye abo abangakwazi ukulawula inqanaba legazi leswekile. Ukwenzakala kweemithambo-luvo kubangela ukuba ingqondo ifumane imiqondiso yentlungu engachananga, nangona kungekho monakalo wokwenyani esicutshini; le meko ibonakaliswa kukurhawuzelela, ukungaboni mnandi kunye nokutshisa ezinyaweni.
Ngaphandle koko, zikhona nezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukutshisa kweenyawo:
Isifo sesibindi esingapheliyo
Uphazamiseko lweemvakalelo ngenxa yokuchaphazeleka kwemithambo-luvo emincinci esikhumbeni (small fiber neuropathy)
Ukuswela iivithamini B12, folate okanye B6
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo
Ukuphantsi kwehomoni ye-thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Usulelo olufana nesifo se-Lyme
Izifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa yifungi ezifana nesifo sabasebenzi bezemidlalo
HIV/AIDS
Ukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ezingaqhelekanga kwiimithambo-luvo (amyloid polyneuropathy)
Iinkqubo ze-chemotherapy
Ukugqithisa kwevithamini B6
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza
I-eritromelalji, apho imithambo yegazi yezandla neenyawo yandisa
Utyhefu lweentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead, mercury, arsenic
Uqaqanjelwa kwemithambo yegazi (vasculitis)
Iimpendulo ezingaqhelekanga zenkqubo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni kwiithishu ezithile (sarcoidosis)
Iingxaki ze-neurology ezifana ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome kunye ne-chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Kwabanye abantu, isizathu sokutshisa kweenyawo asinakuchongwa nangona kuvavanyo olunzulu.
Kutheni Ukutshisa Kweenyawo Kwanda Ebusuku?
Imvakalelo yokutshisa ezinyaweni inganzwa ngakumbi ebusuku. Emva komsebenzi wemihla ngemihla okanye ngenxa yezizathu ezilula ezifana nosulelo olungaphezulu, ukutshisa okwethutyana kunokwenzeka, kodwa ukuba le ngxaki iphinda-phinda kwaye iqhubeka, inokuba luphawu lokwenzakala kweendlela zeemithambo-luvo. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukutshisa kweenyawo ebusuku kunokuphazamisa ukulala kunye nomgangatho wokulala. Iindlela ezilula ezinokunceda ukunciphisa le meko zezi:
Ukubeka unyawo emanzini ashushu (angatshisi) imizuzu eli-10-15
Ukuphumla imilenze kunye nokuyiphakamisa
Ukusebenzisa amayeza okanye iikhrimu zokunciphisa intlungu ngokwengcebiso kagqirha
Ukwenza umyinge omncinane
Ukuchongwa Kwezizathu Zokutshisa Kweenyawo
Kubalulekile ukuqonda unobangela wokutshisa kweenyawo ukuze kufumaneke unyango oluchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akuhlali kulula ukulinganisa ukutshisa okanye intlungu ngendlela enobungqina. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ekuchongeni ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
Imbali yezonyango kunye novavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha wakho uqokelela ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nempilo yakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo kunye neempawu oziva kuzo. Ukongezelela, kuvavanywa indawo echaphazelekayo ukuze kuhlolwe iireflex, imiqondiso yosulelo okanye utshintsho esikhumbeni.
Uvavanyo lweemisipha kunye neemithambo-luvo: I-Electromyography (EMG) ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane weemisipha kwaye inceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezisisiseko kwiimisipha okanye kwiimithambo-luvo. Uvavanyo lwesantya sokudluliselwa kwemiyalezo kwiimithambo-luvo lulinganisa amandla okudlulisa kwemithambo ethile.
Iimvavanyo zovavanyo: Uvavanyo lwegazi lujonga inqanaba legazi leswekile, amanqanaba eevithamini, ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye ne-thyroid, kunye nezinye iiparamitha. Kwimeko ezithile, kuvavanywa nomchamo okanye ulwelo lwespinal.
I-biopsy yemithambo-luvo: Ngamaxesha ambalwa, ukuba kunzima ukufumana isifo, kunokuthathwa isampuli encinci yethishu yemithambo-luvo ukuze ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Iindlela Zokulandela kunye Neendlela Zonyango KwiNqaku Lokutshisa Kweenyawo
Kunyango lokutshisa kweenyawo, injongo ephambili kukuchonga unobangela kwaye kwakhiwe isicwangciso esijolise kulo. Umzekelo, ukuba unobangela sisifo seswekile, ulawulo lwegazi leswekile kunye nokuthintela ukwenzakala kweemithambo-luvo kubalulekile, kanti ukuba unobangela yimfungo, kusetyenziswa iikhrimu ezichasene nemfungo.
Kwiimeko apho unyango olujolise kubangela lungenzeki okanye unobangela ungafumanekanga, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezijolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Iingcebiso ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zonyango ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
Ukugqibezela iivithamini ezifunyenwe zishota (ngakumbi B12, B6, folate) phantsi kolawulo logqirha
Ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo
Kwiimeko ezinxulumene nesifo sesibindi, ukusebenzisa unyango lwe-dialysis xa kuyimfuneko
Ukufumana inkxaso ye-hormone efanelekileyo xa kukho ukuswela i-thyroid
Kubantu abanesifo seswekile, ukulandela ukutya okulawula igazi leswekile, amayeza okanye unyango lwe-insulin
Ukusebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa intlungu okanye i-ointment xa kuyimfuneko
Isifo sokutshisa kweenyawo asiyongxaki esongela ubomi ngqo; kodwa ixesha elide sinokuphazamisa intuthuzelo yemihla ngemihla kunye nomgangatho wokulala. Ukulandela unyango olujolise kumntu ngamnye, iingcebiso zogqirha kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kunokuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
1. Kutheni kuvela imvakalelo yokutshisa ezantsi kweenyawo?
Imvakalelo yokutshisa ezinyaweni idla ngokubangelwa kukwenzakala kweemithambo-luvo (neuropathy), ukuswela iivithamini, isifo seswekile, okanye ukusetyenziswa kotywala. Kananjalo, usulelo lwefungi, ezinye izifo ze-metabolism okanye ngamaxesha ambalwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza zinokubangela oku.
2. Ngaba ukutshisa kweenyawo kungaphela ngokwako?
Kuxhomekeke kubangela, kwezinye iimeko kunokuba yinto ethile ethatha ixesha elifutshane; kodwa ukuba unobangela kukwenzakala kweemithambo-luvo okanye isifo esichaphazela umzimba wonke, kunokuhlala ixesha elide. Ukuba ukutshisa kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kunzima, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
3. Yintoni enokwenziwa ekhaya xa kukho ukutshisa kweenyawo?
Kwiimeko ezithambileyo, ukuphumla unyawo, ukuphepha ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ukugcina unyawo lumanzi, ukubeka unyawo emanzini ashushu athambileyo kunye nokukhetha izihlangu ezifanelekileyo kunokuba luncedo. Ukuba iimpawu zibonakala kakhulu, unyango malungaqalwanga ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
4. Kutheni imvakalelo yokutshisa ezinyaweni inyuka ebusuku?
Ukuba neemithambo-luvo eziba novakalelo ngakumbi ebusuku, utshintsho ekusasazeni kwegazi kunye nokuba ingqalelo imini igxile kwezinye izinto, kunokwenza ukuba ukutshisa kuqatshelwe ngakumbi ebusuku.
5. Yeyiphi imiqondiso yezifo enokubonakala ngokutshisa kweenyawo?
I-neuropathy yeswekile, ukuswela iivithamini, ukuphazamiseka kwe-thyroid, isifo sesibindi, usulelo lwefungi, ezinye izifo ze-neurology kunye ne-autoimmune zinokubangela ukutshisa kweenyawo.
6. Kuxa kufanelekile ukuya kugqirha?
Ukuba ukutshisa kweenyawo kuhamba nentlungu enkulu, ukulahleka kwamandla, ukungaboni mnandi okungapheliyo, ubunzima obukhulu bokuhamba, iimpawu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, amanxeba okanye imiqondiso yosulelo esikhumbeni, kufuneka uvavanyo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo.
7. Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa xa kukho ukutshisa kweenyawo?
Emva kokuba ugqirha efumene imbali yezempilo, angacebisa uvavanyo lwegazi, iimvavanyo zokusebenza kweemithambo-luvo kunye neemisipha, kwaye xa kuyimfuneko, i-biopsy yesikhumba okanye yemithambo-luvo.
8. Ngaba ukongezwa kwevithamini kuluncedo ekutshiseni kweenyawo?
Kubaguli abafunyenwe benesiphene kwevithamini, ukongezwa kwevithamini ngokwengcebiso kagqirha kunokuba luncedo.
9. Ngaba ukutsha kweenyawo kunokonakalisa ngokusisigxina?
Ingxaki esisiseko, umzekelo i-neuropathy ye-diabetes eqhubekayo, ukuba ayifumaneki ngexesha kwaye ingaphathwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kube nokonakala okusisigxina kwiintambo zemithambo-luvo.
10. Ngaba ukutsha kweenyawo kungavela kubantwana?
Nangona kunqabile, ezinye iingxaki ze-metabolism okanye ze-neurology zinokubangela ukutsha kweenyawo kubantwana. Kule meko, kufuneka uvavanyo lwegqirha wabantwana.
11. Ngaba ukutsha kwenzeka kuyo yonke inyawo okanye kwiindawo ezithile kuphela?
Kusenziwa imeko apho zombini isithende sonyawo, kunye neendawo ezijikeleze iqatha kunye nemilenze, zinokuchaphazeleka. Indawo kunye nokusasazeka kweempawu kunokunika umkhondo malunga nesizathu.
12. Ziziphi ezinye amalungu omzimba apho kunokuthi kuvele imvakalelo efanayo?
Iingalo kunye nemilenze esezantsi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, nangakwizandla, kunokuthi kuvele imvakalelo yokutsha okanye yokurhawuzelela. Olu hlobo lweempawu lunokubonisa ukubandakanywa okubanzi kwemithambo-luvo emzimbeni okanye isifo esichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba wonke.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO): Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges
American Diabetes Association (ADA): Diabetic Neuropathy Position Statement
American Academy of Neurology (AAN): Small Fiber Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Guidelines
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): Peripheral Neuropathy Information
Mayo Clinic: Burning Feet (Medical Review, 2023)