Utyebile kunye noTyando lweSisu soMbhobho: Kutheni Lubalulekile, Lubhekiswe Kubani, kwaye Inkqubo Iqhuba Njani?
Impembelelo Zokutyeba Kwimpilo kunye Neziphumo Zayo Kwihlabathi Jikelele
Ukutyeba, asiyongxaki yobuhle kuphela; sesinye sezona zizathu ziphambili zokufa okunokuthintelwa ngenxa yezifo kwihlabathi liphela. Ingakumbi emva komhlaza wemiphunga onxulumene nokusebenzisa ugwayi, ukutyeba sesinye sezona zizathu ziphambili zokufa kwihlabathi. Ngenxa yokuba yimeko engapheliyo nenobunzima obuninzi, ikakhulu izifo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi, iswekile yesigaba sesi-2 kunye nokudakumba, inika ithuba lokuphuhliswa kweengxaki ezinzulu zempilo kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bomntu ngendlela embi.
Umbutho Wezempilo Wehlabathi (WHO) uchaza ukutyeba njengengxaki yezempilo echazwa ngokwanda ngokugqithisileyo kwepercentage yeoli emzimbeni kunye nokuqokelelwa kweoli okugqithisileyo, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zomzimba, ezengqondo nezentlalo. Phakathi kwezifo ezinxulumene nokutyeba, ziquka iintlobo zomhlaza, isifo se-metabolic syndrome, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-sleep apnea kunye neengxaki zamalungu.
Izizathu Zokutyeba kunye Nendlela Yokunyanga
Uhlobo lobomi olungasebenziyo kunye nemikhwa yokutya engeyiyo sesinye sezizathu eziphambili ezonyusa umngcipheko wokutyeba. Nangona izicwangciso zokutya kunye nokuzilolonga zicebiswa ngeendlela zokunyanga ezisekwe kokuziphatha, le nkqubo ayisoloko izinzile kubantu abaninzi. Iingxaki zokulandela unyango zinokubangela ukuba ukwehla kobunzima kube semda kwaye ngenxa yoko imeko yezempilo ingaba mandundu ngakumbi.
Kwezonyango zale mihla, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphuhliswe, kwaye kwiimeko zokutyeba ezinzulu, iindlela zonyango ezibandakanya utyando ziye zaba sezintloko ekunciphiseni ubunzima ngendlela esebenzayo. Phakathi kwezi, utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy (tüp mide ameliyatı) lubalasele ngenxa yempumelelo kunye nokhuseleko lwayo.
Yintoni Utyando Lwe-Tube Gastrectomy?
Utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy lwenziwa ngokususa malunga ne-75-80% yesisu ngendlela yotyando. Inxalenye eshiyekileyo yesisu ithatha imilo emxinwa netyhubhu. Ngenxa yoku, abantu bafikelela kwaneliseko ngokutya okuncinci kwaye ukutya okupheleleyo kweekhalori kwehla kakhulu. Le ndlela ayixhasi kuphela ukwehla kobunzima; ikwanceda ekuphuculeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokutyeba.
Utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy lunokuphucula okanye lunciphise ezi ngxaki zempilo zilandelayo ezinxulumene nokutyeba:
Iswekile yesigaba sesi-2
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
I-sleep apnea
Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha
Isifo se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Isifo se-reflux
Iingxaki zamalungu
Ngubani Ongumfanelekayo Kwi-Tube Gastrectomy?
Olu tyando lucebiswa ikakhulu kubantu abanomlinganiselo wobunzima bomzimba (BMI) ongama-40 nangaphezulu okanye abo bane-BMI engaphezulu kwama-35 kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Kwiimeko ezichazwa njenge "morbid obesity" okanye "super obesity", iindlela zonyango zotyando zinika izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo. Kwakhona, abantu abangenakufikelela ekwehleni kobunzima obufunekayo ngokutya kunye nokuzilolonga, kwaye abaneengxaki zempilo ezinzulu ezinxulumene nokutyeba, banokufumana utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy.
Uninzi lwabantu abaye bafumana utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy, baphulukana ne-50-80% yobunzima obugqithisileyo kulo nyaka wokuqala. Izifundo zibonise ukuba izinga leengxaki ezinxulumene notyando liphantsi, kwaye izinga lokuphucuka kwezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana neswekile liphezulu.
Indlela Yokujongwa Konyango Lwotyando Kwihlabathi Jikelele
Izifundo zexesha elide malunga notyando lokutyeba (umzekelo, iSweden Obesity Study, SOS) zibonise ukuba utyando lwe-bariatric lukhokelela ekwehleni kobunzima okuzinzileyo nokusebenzayo. Iindlela zonyango zotyando zamkelwa njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zonyango lokutyeba kumazwe amaninzi. Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, uninzi lotyando lwenziwa ngendlela evaliweyo (laparoscopic); oku kunciphisa ixesha lokuphilisa kunye nomngcipheko weengxaki.
Utyando Lwenziwa Njani?
Utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy lwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela ye-laparoscopic, oko kukuthi, ngendlela encinci yokungenelela. Kwenziwa umsantsa omncinci esiswini, isisu sahlulwe ngezixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-stapler kwaye inxalenye efunekayo isuswe. Isisu siyilwa kwakhona sibe yimilo emxinwa netyhubhu. Ngenxa yokuncitshiswa okukhulu kwesisu, zombini umthamo wesisu uyancipha kwaye inxalenye ye-hormone (njenge-ghrelin) enoxanduva lokulamba ayiveliswa; oku kunceda kulawulo lwendlala kunye nokutya iikhalori.
Inkqubo yokuphilisa ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwabantu, emva kotyando, bayakwazi ukuhamba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye babuyele kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Ukwehla Kobunzima Emva Kotyando kunye Nophuculo Kwimpilo
Ezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo ezibonwa emva kotyando lwe-tube gastrectomy zezi:
Uninzi lobunzima obugqithisileyo bulahleka kulo nyaka wokuqala
Ukuphucuka okanye ukuphela kweengxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokutyeba ezifana neswekile yesigaba sesi-2, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-sleep apnea
Ukuphucuka kweoli yegazi efana ne-cholesterol
Ukuncipha kweentlungu emalungeni edolo nasezinyaweni
Ukwanda komgangatho wobomi kunye nokunyuka kokuhamba
Ukwehla kobunzima okuzinzileyo kufumaneka ngexabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango ezingezotyando. Inqanaba lokwehla kobunzima lomntu ngamnye liyahluka, kodwa izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yabantu abaye bafumana utyando baphulukana ne-50-80% yobunzima obugqithisileyo kulo nyaka wokuqala.
Imingcipheko kunye Nokhuseleko Lotyando
Njengazo zonke iindlela zonyango zotyando, kukho imingcipheko ethile ku-tyando lwe-tube gastrectomy. Izinga leengxaki liphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yeendlela zonyango zangoku kwaye uninzi lweemeko luhlala luphakathi okanye luphakathi nendawo. Iingxaki ezinzulu zinqabile, kodwa ukuhlolwa ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kotyando kunye nokubekwa esweni liqela loogqirha kunyusa ukhuseleko. Ixesha lokuhlala esibhedlele emva kotyando lifutshane; uninzi lwabantu bangakhululwa kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4.
Utshintsho Kwindlela Yokutya kunye Nobomi
Ukuze ukwehla kobunzima okuqhubekayo kufezekiswe emva kotyando, kubalulekile ukulandela imigaqo yokutya. Kwiiveki zokuqala, kudliwa ukutya okungamanzi, emva koko kudlulele kwipure, emva koko kukutya okuqinileyo. Ngenxa yokuncipha komthamo wesisu, abantu baziva besisuthi ngokukhawuleza; ukulinda phakathi kokutya okungamanzi nokutya okuqinileyo kuyacetyiswa ukukhusela isisu. Kwakhona, uncedo lweprotein, iivithamini kunye neminerali lunokufuneka. Kule nkqubo, ukuzilolonga okuphantsi kolawulo logqirha kunceda ekuxhaseni ukwehla kobunzima kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwemisipha kunye nokulenga kwesikhumba.
Malunga Namaxabiso Otyando Lwe-Tube Gastrectomy
Ixabiso lotyando lwe-tube gastrectomy liyahluka ngokwamava eqela lonyango, izixhobo ezikhoyo kumbindi kunye nezixhobo zonyango eziza kusetyenziswa. Ukuze kufumaneke ixabiso lokugqibela, kufuneka kuhlolwe ngugqirha. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olubanzi, kungcono uqhagamshelane nombindi wezempilo okanye ugqirha okhethekileyo.
Isiphelo, utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy luyindlela esebenzayo neyangoku ejolise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki zempilo ezihamba nokutyeba. Emva kohlolo olubanzi phantsi kwesikhokelo seqela lezempilo elikhethekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe isicwangciso esihambelana neemfuno zomntu ngamnye.
Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo
1. Yintoni utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy kwaye lwenziwa njani?
Utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy luyinkqubo yotyando enciphisa umthamo wesisu ukuze umntu atye kancinci kwaye aphulukane nobunzima. Ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-laparoscopic (evaliweyo), inxalenye enkulu yesisu isuswa kwaye isisu sishiywa similo yetyhubhu.
2. Ngubani ofanelekayo kwi-tube gastrectomy?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanomlinganiselo wobunzima bomzimba ongama-40 nangaphezulu okanye abangaphezulu kwama-35 kunye neengxaki zempilo ezihamba nalo bafanelekile kolu tyando. Uvavanyo logqirha luyimfuneko ukuze kuthathwe isigqibo sokugqibela.
3. Lingakanani ilahleko yobunzima enokulindelwa emva kotyando lwe-tube gastrectomy?
Nangona kukho umahluko phakathi kwabantu, uninzi lwabantu baphulukana ne-50-80% yobunzima obugqithisileyo kulo nyaka wokuqala. Inqanaba lokwehla kobunzima lixhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntu, isini, indlela asebenza ngayo umzimba kunye nendlela yobomi.
4. Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokubuyela kubunzima bangaphambili emva kotyando?
Utshintsho kwindlela yobomi kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zogqirha kunceda ukugcina ubunzima. Ukuba imikhwa yokutya engeyiyo iphinda ivele, ukonyuka kobunzima kunokwenzeka kwakhona.
5. Yintoni umngcipheko weengxaki zotyando lwe-tube gastrectomy?
Ngenxa yeendlela eziphucukileyo, izinga leengxaki liphantsi; uninzi lwabantu baphila kakuhle emva kotyando. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kunokubakho ukuvuza, ukopha okanye usulelo.
6. Ngaba utyando lwe-tube gastrectomy lunceda kwizifo ezifana neswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu?
Kubantu abaninzi, ikakhulu abo baneswekile yesigaba sesi-2 kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ezi zifo zinokuphucuka kakhulu okanye ngamanye amaxesha ziphele ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando.
7. Ukutya emva kotyando kufuneka kube njani?
Kwiqela lokuqala, ukutya kusetyenziswa ulwelo; ngokuhamba kwexesha kudlula kukutya okuxutyweyo emva koko kukutya okuqinileyo. Inkqubo yokutya yakho yobuqu ilungiswa ngugqirha wakho kunye negcisa lokutya.
8. Ngaba umthambo uyimfuneko emva kotyando?
Umthambo uyanconywa ukuxhasa ukwehla kobunzima kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwemisipha. Ugqirha wakho uya kukukhokela malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo kunye neentlobo zomthambo.
9. Ngaba imvakalelo yokulamba iyancipha emva kotyando?
Ewe, kuba inxalenye enkulu yecandelo lesisu elivelisa i-hormone yokulamba ebizwa ngokuba yi-ghrelin isuswa, uninzi lwezigulana luyanciphisa kakhulu imvakalelo yokulamba.
10. Utyando lwesisu olufakelweyo luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Utyando luhlala luthatha iiyure ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2, kodwa inkqubo ingatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yezempilo yesigulana kunye namava kagqirha.
11. Xa kunokukhutshwa isigulana kwaye kubuyele kubomi bokuqheleka?
Uninzi lwezigulana lukhutshwa kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kotyando, kwaye zingabuyela kubomi bazo bemihla ngemihla kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
12. Ngaba kuyafuneka ukuxhaswa ngeevithamini kunye neminerali emva kotyando?
Uninzi lwamaxesha ewe. Ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma izongezelelo zeevithamini kunye neminerali ezifanelekileyo kwimfuno yakho.
13. Imirhumo yotyando imiselwa ngantoni?
Ixabiso lotyando liyahluka ngokwendawo yokwenza, amava eqela lezempilo, itekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ulwazi olucacileyo lufuneka kudliwano-ndlebe nogqirha.
14. Ngaba utyando lwesisu olufakelweyo lusisombululo esisigxina?
Ukwehla kobunzima okufunyenwe ngotyando kuhlala kusisigxina, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwempumelelo kufuna ukuqhubeka kwemikhwa yokuphila enempilo.
15. Ngaba kukho iingxaki ezifana nokulahleka kweenwele okanye ulusu oluxekileyo emva kotyando?
Ukuba ukwehla kobunzima kuyenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho ukulahleka kweenwele okwethutyana okanye ulusu oluthambileyo. Ukutya okulinganiselweyo kunye nomthambo kunempembelelo entle kweli nqanaba.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): Iinkcukacha-manani malunga nokutyeba ngokugqithisileyo
Umbutho waseMelika weMetabolic kunye noTshintsho loTyando (ASMBS)
Uphando lweSwedish Obese Subjects (SOS) – New England Journal of Medicine
Iziko leZiko loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC): Iinyani malunga nokutyeba kwabantu abadala
The Lancet, "Ukuxhaphaka kwehlabathi, kummandla, nakwilizwe lokutyeba ngokugqithisileyo", 2022
Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo (NIH): IziKhokelo zoTyando lweBariatric