Zvirwere Zvinokonzerwa neKuunganidzwa KweMapuroteni Asina Kujairika muUropi: Chirwere cheDeli Dana uye Zvakunokanganisa paUtano hweMunhu

Chirwere cheDeli Dana Chii?

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekuungana kweprotein isina kujairika mupfungwa zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru muhurongwa hwepakati hwepfungwa. Chirwere chedeli dana, chinonziwo "bovine spongiform encephalopathy" muchidzidzo chekurapa, chinonyanya kuwanikwa mumombe, asi chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Ongororo dzakaitwa dzakaratidza kuti chirwere cheCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) chinowanika muvanhu chine hukama hwepabioji nechedeli dana. Saka, chinotariswa zvakanyanya pasi rose uye chine kukosha kukuru kuhutano hwemhuka pamwe nehutano hweveruzhinji.

Ruzivo Rwakazara NezveChirwere cheDeli Dana

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ichirwere chinoparadza masero epfungwa mumombe chinogona kukonzeresa kufa. Pakutanga chaifungidzirwa kuti chinongowanikwa pamhuka chete, asi kwave kuchionekwa kuti chine hukama neCreutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) inowanika muvanhu. Zvidzidzo zvizhinji zvesainzi zvinoratidza kuti kudya nyama kana tishu dzine hutachiona, kunyanya tishu dzemupfungwa, kunowedzera njodzi yekutapurirana kwechirwere ichi kuvanhu. Pakutanga kwechirwere ichi, protein inonzi prion inoungana mupfungwa nemamwe matishu. Uku kuungana kunokonzera kukuvara kunopfuurira mumasero epfungwa, kutanga nezviratidzo zvisina kusimba sekuchinja maitiro kana kusava nesimba mumhasuru, uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa kurangarira uye kugona kwepfungwa zvakanyanya.

Zvinokonzera Chirwere cheDeli Dana

Chirwere chedeli dana chinotanga apo maprotein anowanzoita asina ngozi anochinja chimiro chawo, obva ava ane ngozi uye ane utachiona. Maprotein aya anonzi prion ane unhu hwekukwanisa kuzvikwidzira uye kukanganisa mamwe maprotein akajairika mumuviri. Kusiyana nemavhairasi, ma prion haana genetic material; chirwere chinotanga apo protein yemuviri inochinja chimiro chayo zvine ngozi. Ma prion aya kana asvika muhurongwa hwekugaya kana hwekudzivirira zvirwere, kunyanya tishu dzemupfungwa, anoungana mumasero epfungwa, achikonzera kurasika kwekushanda kwepfungwa. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nema prion zvishoma asi zvakanyanya kukomba. Muvanhu, Creutzfeldt-Jakob ndiyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mumapoka ezvirwere izvi. Chikuru chakasiyana ndechekuti zvirwere izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisika kweprotein yemuviri, kwete hutachiona hunounzwa nemavhairasi kana mabhakitiriya.

Zviratidzo Zvinogona Kuonekwa paDeli Dana

Zvirwere zvinobva pakuungana kweprion isina kujairika mupfungwa zvinowanzoenderera zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvine hunyengeri. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere uye hunhu hweprion.

• Sporadic CJD: Ndiro rinonyanya kuwanikwa. Zviratidzo zvinowedzera kukomba nekukurumidza uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru ehurongwa hwepfungwa mukati menguva pfupi. Pakutanga, munhu anogona kusawirirana, kunetseka kutaura, kusanzwa zvakanaka, kunzwa sekubayiwa neminwe, kudzungaira uye matambudziko ekuona.

• Varyant kana kuchinja CJD: Zvinonyanya kuoneka zviratidzo zvepfungwa. Kushungurudzika, kunetseka, kusada kusangana nevanhu, matambudziko ekurara uye kutsamwa zvinogona kuoneka. Chirwere chichienderera, kurasikirwa nekushanda kwepfungwa kunowedzera nekukurumidza.

• Familial (Yenhaka) CJD: Iyi inobva pakugona kwenhaka. Zviratidzo zvinotanga pakutanga kweupenyu uye zvinofambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kazhinji, chirwere chichienderera, munhu anorasikirwa nekugona kufamba zvakanaka, mhasuru dzinotinhira, kunetseka kumedza, matambudziko ekuona nekutaura, pamwe nekurasikirwa nekurangarira, kusakwanisa kutarisa, kuvhiringidzika uye kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.

Chirwere cheDeli Dana Chinodiwa Sei Kuonekwa?

Varwere vanouya nezvikumbiro zvine chekuita nehurongwa hwepfungwa vanowanzotarisiswa nachiremba wenyanzvi dzehurongwa hwepfungwa. Kuti chisanganiswe nezvimwe zvirwere zvinofambira mberi zvakafanana (semuenzaniso Parkinson kana Alzheimer), kuongororwa kwakazara uye bvunzo dzakadzama zvinodiwa. Nzira dzinobatsira pakuongorora dzinosanganisira:

• Kutarisa kuchinja kwechimiro chepfungwa kuburikidza neMRI

• Kuongorora kushanda kwemagetsi mupfungwa neEEG

• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutora tishu yepfungwa kuti iongororwe murabhoritari

Kutora tishu yepfungwa inzira inopinda mumuviri, saka inongoitwa kana dzimwe nzira dzisina kupa mhinduro yakajeka uye pakudiwa kwekuparadzanisa zvirwere.

Kutarisira uye Nzira dzeKurapa Chirwere cheDeli Dana

Parizvino hapana mushonga unogona kupedza zvachose chirwere chedeli dana (BSE kana vCJD muvanhu). Zvirongwa zviripo zvekubatsira zvinotarisira kuderedza zviratidzo uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwemurwere, kwete kumisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere. Kana munhu akatanga kushungurudzika kana kunetseka, kurapwa kwepfungwa uye mishonga zvinogona kukurudzirwa. Kurwadziwa kwemhasuru nemimwe miviri kunogona kubatsirwa nemishonga inorwadza. Chirwere chichienderera, varwere vanotadza kuzvichengeta vanoda rubatsiro mukudya uye kuchengetedzwa kwehutsanana. Kana munhu akava nematambudziko ekumedza, rubatsiro rwekurapa rwakakosha uye rubatsiro rwepalliative runonyanya kukosha. Palliative care inotarisa kuderedza zviratidzo, kubatsira murwere kubata kushushikana uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemurwere munguva yekupedzisira yechirwere.

Kuongorora Kubva Pasi Rose

Chirwere chedeli dana uye zvirwere zveprion zvinowanikwa muvanhu hazviwanzoitika pasi rose asi zvinotariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukosha kwazvo kuhutano hweveruzhinji. Nyika dzakawanda dzinodzora zvakasimba kutenderera kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvine ngozi uye dzinoita zvirongwa zvekudzivirira hutano hweveruzhinji. Kana paine fungidziro yechirwere cheprion, zvakakosha kuti mhuri nemunhu wacho vawane rubatsiro kubva kuzvipatara zvehunyanzvi.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

1. Chirwere chedeli dana chii?

Chirwere chedeli dana chirwere chinouraya chinoparadza masero epfungwa chinokonzerwa nekuungana kweprotein inonzi prion mupfungwa, uye chinonyanya kuwanikwa mumombe. Muvanhu, imwe mhando yacho inonzi Creutzfeldt-Jakob.

2. Chirwere chedeli dana chinotapuriranwa sei kuvanhu?

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinogona kutapuriranwa nekudya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvine tishu dzepfungwa kana dzemagetsi. Asi njodzi yekutapuriranwa yakaderedzwa nemitemo yakasimba yekudzora chikafu nemhuka munyika dzakawanda.

3. Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi ndezvipi?

Pakutanga, munhu anogona kutanga nekushungurudzika, kuchinja maitiro, kusava nesimba mumhasuru uye matambudziko ekufamba. Chirwere chichienderera, munhu anorasikirwa nekugona kufamba, kuona uye kutaura, pamwe nekurasikirwa nekurangarira uye kukanganisika kukuru kwepfungwa.

4. Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere chakafanana nechedeli dana here?

Muvariant (vCJD) inowanika muvanhu, inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzerwa neprion yakafanana nechedeli dana, asi CJD yakajairika neBSE zvinogona kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana.

5. Chirwere chedeli dana chinorapika here?

Parizvino hapana mushonga unomisa kana kupedza chirwere ichi. Kurapwa kunongobatsira kuderedza zviratidzo uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwemurwere.

6. Chirwere chedeli dana chinotyisidzira munhu wese here?

Chirwere ichi chishoma uye chinonyanya kuwirirana nekudya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvine ngozi. Mitemo yakasimba munyika dzakawanda yakaderedza njodzi yekutapuriranwa.

7. Ndeapi mayedzo anoitwa pakurapa?

Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwepfungwa, MRI, EEG uye mamwe mayedzo ekuona kushanda kwepfungwa zvinoitwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutora tishu yepfungwa kunodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi.

8. Chirwere ichi chinotapuriranwa here?

Zvirwere zveprion hazvitapuriranwi nyore nyore kubva kumunhu kuenda kumumwe. Asi panogona kuva nenjodzi yekutapuriranwa kuburikidza netishu dzine utachiona uye zvishandiso zvekurapa zvinobata tishu dzepfungwa.

9. Kana chirwere cheprion chiri mumhuri, njodzi inowedzera here?

Mumhando dzinofambiswa nenhaka, njodzi inogona kuwedzera. Zvirwere zveprion zvinofambiswa nenhaka zvinogona kutanga pakutanga kweupenyu uye kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma.

10. Munhu ane chirwere ichi anofanira kutarisirwa sei?

Chirwere chichienderera, rubatsiro mukuzvichengeta, kudya uye hutsanana hunodiwa. Palliative care uye rubatsiro rwevanachiremba vanyanzvi zvinokurudzirwa.

11. Kuwanda kweBSE neCJD pasi rose kwakadini?

Iyi inhenda dzinowanzoitika shoma, asi dzinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakakomba zvikuru. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoongorora nguva dzose zvigadzirwa zvemhuka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya.

12. Zvinogoneka here kudzivirira chirwere chedeli dana?

Kudzorwa kwakasimba kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka uye chikafu chemhuka, pamwe nekubviswa kwezvikamu zvemhuka zvine ngozi kubva muzvokudya zvevanhu, kwakaderedza zvikuru ngozi yekutapurirana.

13. Musoro unorwadza kana kusava nesimba kwemhasuru zvinoreva here kuti munhu ane chirwere cheprion?

Aihwa. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuoneka mune dzimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Kana zvikaitika kukanganisika kwehuropi kunokurumidza uye kurasikirwa nepfungwa, zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba.

14. Chii chinodiwa kuti chirwere chionekwe zvachose?

Kazhinji, zviratidzo zvekurapa, kufananidza mifananidzo uye bvunzo dzemurabhoritari zvinokwana; asi kana paine kusahadzika, biopsy inogona kufungwa. Kuongororwa nachiremba nyanzvi ndiko kwakakosha.

15. Ndingaita sei kuti ndidzivirire chirwere ichi?

Kutevedzera zano rehutano, kusarudza zvokudya zvakachengeteka uye kudzivirira zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinofungidzirwa kunokurudzirwa.

Zvinyorwa

• Sangano reUtano Pasi Pose (WHO): Zvirwere zvePrion

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) & Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): BSE uye zvirwere zveprion mumhuka nevanhu

• Prusiner SB. Prions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998

• United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA): BSE & vCJD Information