Ibyo Ugomba Kumenya ku Migreni: Ibisobanuro Byayo, Ubwoko Bwayo, Ibimenyetso n'Uko Igenzurwa

Migren itandukaniro ifite ugereranyije n’izindi ndwara z’umutwe ni izihe?

Migren ni ubwoko bw’indwara y’umutwe ishobora gutangira igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu buzima, ikunze kugaruka kenshi kandi rimwe na rimwe igafata amasaha cyangwa iminsi. Akenshi igira ingaruka ku bantu bari mu myaka yo gukora, kandi ku isi hose iri mu ndwara zikomeye zitera igihombo cy’imikorere. By’umwihariko, igaragara cyane mu bagore kurusha abagabo; ubushakashatsi butandukanye bugaragaza ko hafi umwe muri batanu mu bagore afite migren, mu gihe mu bagabo ari umwe muri makumyabiri. Nubwo migren ishobora gutangira mu bwana, akenshi itangira mu gihe cy’ubwangavu kandi ubwinshi bwayo bushobora kugabanuka uko umuntu akura, cyane cyane nyuma y’igihe cy’imihango ya nyuma.

Ibimenyetso bya kliniki bya migren ni ibihe?

Migren ni indwara y’ubwonko ishobora kumara ubuzima bwose, igaragarira mu byiciro bitandukanye by’uburibwe bw’umutwe bugaruka. Akenshi, uburibwe bw’umutwe bugaragara mu gihe cy’igihe runaka bushobora kuba ku ruhande rumwe rw’umutwe, bukaba bukabije cyangwa bugasanzwe, kandi bugatuma umutwe utera. Uburibwe bukunze kujyana n’isusumira, kuruka, kwikanga urumuri n’amajwi. Hari igihe abarwayi bagira igihe cyose hagati y’ibyiciro nta buribwe.

Imiterere ya migren ishingiye cyane ku miryango. Abantu bafite amateka ya migren mu muryango bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara. Ariko si imiterere y’amaraso gusa, ahubwo n’ibidukikije bigira uruhare mu gutera iyi ndwara. Ni ingenzi kumenya ko migren atari indwara y’amaraso gusa, ahubwo iterwa n’ihuriro ry’imiterere y’amaraso n’ibidukikije.

Amoko nyamukuru ya migren ni ayahe?

Migren mu gukurikiranwa kwa kliniki igabanyijemo amatsinda abiri akomeye:

Migren idafite aura: Ni yo iboneka cyane. Uburibwe bw’umutwe bumara hagati y’amasaha 4 na 72. Akenshi uburibwe buba ku ruhande rumwe kandi bushobora kwiyongera igihe umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ibihe by’uburibwe bishobora kujyana no kwikanga urumuri cyangwa amajwi.

Migren ifite aura: Iyi igize hafi 10% by’abarwayi ba migren. Mbere y’uko uburibwe bw’umutwe butangira – akenshi isaha imwe mbere – umurwayi agira ibibazo by’igihe gito mu kubona (imirongo y’amaziga, kumurika kw’urumuri, icyuho mu gice cy’ijisho), kumva ibituntu, intege nke, isereri cyangwa ibibazo byo kuvuga. Ibihe bya aura n’ibidafite aura bishobora kugira ubukana bungana.

Uretse ibi, hari n’andi moko adakunze kuboneka nka migren y’igihe kirekire (uburibwe bw’umutwe nibura iminsi 15 mu kwezi na 8 ifite ibimenyetso bya migren), na migren ishoboka.

Migren iterwa n’iki? Ni ibihe bintu biyitera?

Nubwo bitarashoboka gusobanura impamvu nyamukuru ya migren, birakekwa ko iyi ndwara iterwa n’impinduka mu mikorere hagati y’imitsi n’imiyoboro y’amaraso mu bwonko. Ubwonko bw’abantu barwaye migren bwikanga cyane ibintu bimwe na bimwe, kandi ibintu bitandukanye by’imbere cyangwa ibituruka hanze bishobora gutuma ibyiciro bya migren bitangira byoroshye.

Imiterere y’amaraso igira uruhare mu gutera migren; cyane cyane ku bantu bafite abavandimwe barwaye iyi ndwara, ibyago biriyongera ugereranyije n’abandi. Ariko kandi, stress, kudasinzira neza, impinduka z’imisemburo, impinduka z’ikirere n’ibihe by’umwaka, bimwe mu biribwa n’ibinyobwa, impumuro zituruka mu bidukikije cyangwa kumva amajwi nabyo bishobora gutera migren ku muntu ku giti cye.

Ni gute wamenya ibimenyetso bya migren?

Migren akenshi igaragazwa n’ibyiciro bine bikurikirana:

1. Icyiciro cya prodrom:

Mu masaha cyangwa umunsi mbere y’uko icyiciro gitangira, hashobora kugaragara ibimenyetso birimo kwigunga, guhindagurika k’umutima, kutagira ubushake, impinduka mu gusinzira no mu mirire, no kumva ubukana mu gice cy’ijosi.

2. Icyiciro cya aura:

Nubwo atari abarwayi bose ba migren bagira iki cyiciro, bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo by’igihe gito mu kubona, kumva cyangwa ubwonko mbere cyangwa mu gihe uburibwe bw’umutwe butangiye (nko kumurika kw’urumuri, icyuho mu gice cy’ijisho, kubura ubwenge, kumva ibituntu, ndetse n’ibibazo byo kuvuga). Ibimenyetso bya aura akenshi bimara igihe kitageze ku isaha imwe.

3. Icyiciro cy’uburibwe (uburibwe bw’umutwe):

Uburibwe bw’umutwe akenshi buba ku ruhande rumwe, butera kandi bukabije; ariko bushobora no gufata umutwe wose. Akenshi buherekejwe n’isusumira, kuruka, kwikanga urumuri, amajwi ndetse n’impumuro. Kuryama ahacecetse kandi hatabona akenshi birafasha. Iki cyiciro gishobora kumara amasaha cyangwa iminsi.

4. Icyiciro cya postdrom:

Nyuma y’uko uburibwe bugabanutse, umuntu ashobora kumva ananiwe, atameze neza, afite uburibwe bworoheje bw’umutwe n’ibibazo byo kwibanda, ibi bikamara amasaha cyangwa iminsi.

Ni gute twamenya no gutandukanya neza migren?

Isuzuma rya migren rikorwa hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byayo bisanzwe. By’umwihariko, hibandwa ku myaka uburwayi butangiriyemo, imiterere y’ibimenyetso n’ibindi bimenyetso biherekeje. Akenshi ntibisaba ibizamini by’amashusho cyangwa laboratwari; ariko mu gihe hari impamvu yo gushidikanya cyangwa gushaka indi ndwara ishobora kuba iri inyuma, hashobora gukorwa ibindi bizamini. Kugira ngo isuzuma ribe ryizewe, inama ni uko habazwa muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko.

Ni ibihe bintu bitera ibyiciro bya migren?

Ibintu bitera migren biratandukanye kuri buri muntu, ariko ibikunze kuboneka ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kudafata amafunguro cyangwa inzara

• Kudasinzira neza

• Stress

• Kumurika cyane, amajwi menshi cyangwa impumuro zikabije

• Inzoga (by’umwihariko divayi itukura)

• Ibintu bimwe mu biribwa nka shokora, inyama zatunganyijwe, fromages zifite tiramine nyinshi

• Impinduka z’imisemburo (nko mu gihe cy’imihango)

• Impinduka z’ikirere, umwuka wanduye

• Itabi n’umwotsi w’itabi

Kumenya no kwirinda ibi bintu bishoboka ni intambwe ikomeye mu kugabanya kenshi ibyiciro bya migren.

Ni iki imirire igira ku migren?

Haragaragaye ko hari isano hagati y’ibyiciro bya migren n’ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe. Inyama zatunganyijwe zirimo nitirate nka sosis, salam, na sucuk; shokora; fromages zifite tiramine nyinshi; ibinyobwa bimwe birimo impumuro cyangwa ibikonje; ibiribwa byatetswe mu mavuta menshi bishobora gutera uburibwe bw’umutwe. Nanone, ikawa, icyayi cyangwa inzoga nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutera ibyiciro. Ni byiza gukurikirana ku giti cyawe ibiribwa bikurura uburibwe no gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura migren bukoreshwa?

Nubwo hataraboneka umuti urambye wa migren, hari uburyo bwinshi bufasha kugabanya kenshi n’ubukana bw’ibyiciro, no kongera ireme ry’ubuzima. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingira ku kenshi umuntu agira ibyiciro, ubukana bwabyo n’izindi ndwara zishobora kuba zihari, byose bigashyirwa mu maboko y’umuganga.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hifashishijwe imiti

Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura migren igabanyijemo amatsinda abiri:

Kuvura ibyiciro byihutirwa: Ikoreshwa mu kugabanya uburibwe bw’umutwe butangiye n’ibimenyetso biherekeje. Ibinini bisanzwe byo kugabanya uburibwe, imiti itarimo steroid ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ububabare, triptan n’indi miti yihariye ya migren ishobora gutangwa n’umuganga.

Kwirinda (prophylaxie): Ikoreshwa ku barwayi bagira ibyiciro bibiri cyangwa birenze mu kwezi, ibyiciro bimara igihe kirekire cyangwa bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa buri munsi. Beta bloker, antidepressant, antiepileptique, calcium channel blocker na botulinum toxine type A ni imwe mu miti ikoreshwa muri ubu buryo. Kuvura bigomba gukorwa neza kandi bikagenzurwa.

Mu matsinda yombi, imiti igomba gukoreshwa ku mabwiriza y’umuganga no mu rugero rwateganijwe. Nanone, niba isusumira cyangwa kuruka byiyongereye, umuganga ashobora kugusabira imiti igabanya isusumira.

Uburyo butari ubw’imiti n’impinduka mu mibereho

Impinduka mu mibereho y’abarwayi ba migren zigira uruhare runini mu kwirinda ibyiciro:

• Kugira igihe gihagije kandi cyiza cyo gusinzira

• Kurya neza kandi ku gihe

• Kugabanya stress, kwiga uburyo bwo kuruhuka no guhumeka neza

• Imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukora siporo kenshi

• Kumenya no kwirinda ibintu bitera ibyiciro uko bishoboka

Hari ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko magnesium, vitamine B2, na coenzyme Q10 bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura migren. Ariko ibi ntibikora kuri buri wese kandi bigomba gukoreshwa ku nama z’inzobere. Mbere yo gukoresha ibimera cyangwa ibindi byongera imbaraga, hagomba kwitondera ingaruka mbi, hanitabwa ku buzima bw’umwijima n’izindi nyama.

Ni ibiki by’ingenzi kwitaho mu kwirinda ibyiciro bya migren?

Kugabanya ibyiciro, wakwitondera ibi bikurikira:

• Irinde kuguma igihe kirekire utariye kandi gerageza kudasiba amafunguro.

• Kurinda gahunda yawe yo gusinzira, wirinde gusinzira cyane cyangwa gake.

• Fata umwanya wo kuruhuka, yoga cyangwa imyitozo yo guhumeka kugira ngo wumve utuje, wirinde stress.

• Mwifate kure uko bishoboka kose ku mpamvu zituruka ku bidukikije zishobora gutera indwara ya migraine nko guhindagurika k'umwuka, umuyaga uva mu majyepfo, impumuro zishobora gutera iritasyon cyangwa urumuri rwinshi.

• Andika ibiribwa wibazaho ko bishobora gutera iyi ndwara kugira ngo wikorere urutonde rwihariye rw'ibishobora kuyitera.

• Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'inzoga n'itabi kandi wirinde umwotsi w'itabi uko ushoboye.

Uburyo bwo Guhangana na Migraine n'Akamaro ko Kugisha Inama Inzobere

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko iyo migraine itavuwe cyangwa itagenzuwe neza ishobora kugabanya cyane ubuziranenge bw'ubuzima. Iyo ibimenyetso byawe byiyongereye cyangwa bikagorana mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kugana inzobere mu by'imitsi ni bwo buryo bukwiriye. Ukoresheje isuzuma ry'inzobere, ushobora kungukira mu buvuzi bwihariye n'inama zigenewe indwara ya migraine.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ese migraine iravurwa?

Nubwo migraine atari indwara ishobora gukurwaho burundu, ubuvuzi bukwiriye no guhindura imikorere y'imibereho bishobora kugabanya cyane kenshi n'ubukana bw'ibitero byayo. Igice kinini cy'abafite iyi ndwara bararuhuka iyo bakurikije inama z'inzobere.

2. Ese migraine ifitanye isano na kanseri yo mu bwonko?

Oya, umutwe uterwa na migraine ntugira aho uhuriye na kanseri yo mu bwonko. Ariko, niba hari impinduka zitunguranye mu mutwe, ububabare bushya bukabije, ibimenyetso by'imitsi cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bitandukanye, ugomba kugisha inama kwa muganga.

3. Ese migraine ifite aura irusha kuba mbi?

Migraine ifite aura ntiruta kuba mbi kurusha idafite aura. Ariko, mu gihe cya aura, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubaho kubura kureba by'igihe gito cyangwa ikibazo mu kuvuga. Kugira muganga ugukurikirana ni ingenzi.

4. Ese abana nabo bashobora kugira migraine?

Yego, migraine ishobora gutangira no mu bwana. Ariko ibimenyetso bishobora kutangana n'iby'abakuru kandi kuyimenya mu bana biragorana. Niba hari gukekwa migraine mu mwana, ni ngombwa ko asuzumwa n'inzobere.

5. Ni iki gitera ibitero bya migraine?

Umuhangayiko, kudasinzira neza, gusimbuka ifunguro, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa bimwe, impinduka z'imisemburo, urumuri rwinshi, impumuro n'amajwi aturutse hanze, guhinduka k'umwuka ni bimwe mu bizwi bitera iyi ndwara.

6. Ni ibihe biribwa umuntu yakwirinda ku bafite migraine?

Ibikomoka ku nyama byatunganyijwe, fromages zishaje, shokora, amoko amwe y'inzoga, ibiribwa birimo amavuta menshi cyangwa byatogoshejwe, ibiribwa birimo nitirate cyangwa tiramine nyinshi ni byo byakwirindwa.

7. Ese migraine ishobora gutera ingaruka zihoraho?

Migraine ntitera kwangirika gukomeye kw'umubiri igihe kirekire; ariko iyo itavuwe ishobora kugabanya cyane ubuziranenge bw'ubuzima.

8. Ese nagomba gukoresha imiti yanjye buri gihe?

Ugomba gukoresha imiti wagiriwe inama na muganga, mu rugero n'igihe byagenwe. Irinde guhindura ukoresha imiti bitunguranye kandi mbere yo guhagarika imiti ugomba kubanza kugisha inama muganga.

9. Ese ibifasha kongerera umubiri imbaraga bifasha migraine?

Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko magnesium, vitamine B2, na coenzyme Q10 bishobora kugira akamaro, ariko bigomba gukoreshwa gusa nyuma yo kugisha inama muganga.

10. Ni ryari nakwiriye kugana kwa muganga?

Niba umutwe wawe uhindutse cyane kandi ukabije, habayeho kubura ubwenge, kuruka, kureba kabiri, kugorwa no kugenda cyangwa kubura uburinganire, ugomba kugana ivuriro.

11. Ese imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha migraine?

Imyitozo yoroshye ikorwa kenshi ishobora kugira akamaro mu buzima rusange no kugabanya ibitero bya migraine. Ariko imyitozo ikomeye ishobora gutera ibitero, bityo gahunda y'imyitozo igomba kuganirwaho na muganga.

Amasoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) — Indwara z’umutwe: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders

• Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Indwara z’Umutwe (IHS) — Icyiciro Mpuzamahanga cy’Indwara z’Umutwe

• Umuryango wa Amerika wita ku Migraine — Incamake kuri Migraine

• Ishyirahamwe rya Amerika ry’Abaganga b’Imitsi — Amabwiriza kuri Migraine

• Silberstein SD, n’abandi. "Migraine prevention." The Lancet, 2017.

• Ubushakashatsi ku Mutwaro Mpuzamahanga w’Indwara, The Lancet, 2017.