Kugira Ihungabana ry'Umwuka (Dispne): Impamvu, Ibimenyetso n'Uburyo bwo Kubikemura

Nefeso Gufata Biba Iki?

Nefeso gufata cyangwa uko bita dispine mu buvuzi, ni igihe umuntu yumva adashobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwe bwose bwo guhumeka kandi akumva igikorwa cyo guhumeka kimugaragarira cyane. Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, igikorwa cyo guhumeka kitari gisanzwe kigaragara, ku bantu bafite iki kibazo kiba kigaragara cyane. Akenshi biba byitwa "kumva umwuka utaboneka", "kumva ushaka umwuka" cyangwa "kumva nta mwuka uhari". Ibi bishobora kugaragara igihe uzamuka imiterere, igihe ugenda vuba cyangwa rimwe na rimwe no mu gihe uri kuruhuka. Hari ubwo umuntu yumva ataruhutse neza nubwo ahumeka bihagije. Nefeso gufata ni ikimenyetso kigomba gusuzumwa neza kuko gishobora guterwa n'impamvu z'umubiri cyangwa iz'ubwonko.

Nefeso Gufata Bibaho Ryari?

Nefeso gufata ni ikibazo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa by'ingenzi by'umuntu, kikagabanya cyane ubuzima bwiza. Nubwo gishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye, ibiranga cyane harimo kugorwa no guhumeka no kumva icyo gikorwa kurusha ibisanzwe. Nefeso gufata gishobora guterwa n'indwara z'ubuhumekero cyangwa umutima, ariko no ku mpamvu z'ubwonko n'izindi ndwara za sisiteme zitandukanye.

Mu buvuzi, nefeso gufata isuzumwa mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi:

1. Impamvu zituruka mu bihaha: Indwara cyangwa imikorere mibi y'ubuhumekero.

2. Impamvu zitari iz'ibihaha: By'umwihariko indwara z'umutima, kubura amaraso, imikorere mibi y'umubiri n'ibibazo by'ubwonko.

Nefeso gufata itangira gitunguranye akenshi iba ifitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima n'ibihaha. Iyo ikibazo cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, bishobora kuba biterwa n'impamvu za kera cyangwa izitarakara cyane. Nanone kandi, ibibazo by'imiterere y'izuru cyangwa inzira z'ubuhumekero zo hejuru nabyo bishobora gutuma umwuka utagenda neza.

Ibimenyetso Bikunze Kuboneka ku Nefeso Gufata

Nefeso gufata ishobora kugaragara ifite ibindi bimenyetso biyiherekeje. Ibikunze kuboneka cyane ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka

• Kumva umwuka udahagije cyangwa kumva nta mwuka uhari

• Kumva guhumeka kwuzuye urusaku, kutagenda neza cyangwa guhumeka bisa n'urusaku rw'umuziki

• Kumva ububabare cyangwa gufungana mu gatuza

• Kubyuka nijoro wumva utabashije guhumeka

• Kumva ushaka guhagarara kenshi cyane cyane mu bikorwa bisaba imbaraga nko kuzamuka imiterere

• Kuzana igikoma kirimo amaraso

• Inkyo itunguranye cyangwa imaze igihe

• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa ushishimuwe buri gihe

• Kuzungera, umutwe ubabara

• Kubyimba ku birenge no ku maguru (oedema)

• Kumva umutima utera cyane

• Kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe cyangwa gutakaza ubwenge igihe gito

• Kugabanya ibiro

Niba kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso kiboneka hamwe na nefeso gufata, ni ingenzi kugisha inama umukozi w'ubuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane uburemere bw'ikibazo.

Ni Ibiki Bitera Nefeso Gufata?

Impamvu zitera kugorwa no guhumeka zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: izituruka mu bihaha n'izitari iz'ibihaha.

Mu mpamvu zituruka mu bihaha harimo:

• Indwara zituma inzira z'ubuhumekero zifunga nka asima na bronşite

• Indwara y'ibihaha byifunze (KOAH)

• Zatire (pneumonie)

• Pneumotorax (igice cyangwa ibihaha byose bigasandara)

• Pulmoneri emboli (gufungwa kw'imitsi y'ibihaha n'igipfunsi)

• Kanseri y'ibihaha

• Kumarana igihe kirekire ahari imyuka mibi cyangwa imiti yangiza

• Reaksiyo z'uburwayi bw'ubumara

• Kunywa itabi no kuba ahari umwuka wanduye

• Kubura umwuka kubera igikoresho cyinjiye mu nzira y'ubuhumekero (cyane cyane ku bana)

Impamvu zitari iz'ibihaha ni:

• Indwara z'umutima (nko kunanirwa k'umutima cyangwa umutima ufitanye ikibazo)

• Kubura amaraso (anemi)

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru

• Kutagera amaraso ahagije mu mubiri

• Kuba ufite ibiro byinshi (obezite)

• Indwara z'imyakura (nko Guillain-Barre syndrome, Myastenia gravis)

• Impamvu z'ubwonko (nko guhinda umushyitsi, indwara zo mu mutwe)

• Kuvira cyangwa kugabanya imbaraga rusange

• Kugira imyaka myinshi

Hari ubwo izi mpamvu zishobora kuboneka icyarimwe. Impamvu yaba ari iyihe yose, nefeso gufata igomba gufatwa nk'ikibazo gikomeye kandi hakitabazwa muganga kugira ngo hamenyekane icyabiteye.

Ni Ubuhe Buryo Bukoreshwa mu Gusuzuma Nefeso Gufata?

Igihe umuntu aje afite ikibazo cyo kugorwa no guhumeka, habanza gufatwa neza amateka ye. Nyuma hakorwa isuzuma ry'umubiri, kandi hakaba hakenewe ibizamini bikurikira:

• Ifoto y'ibihaha (röntgen)

• Ibipimo by'imikorere y'ubuhumekero

• Ibipimo by'amaraso

• Tomografi

• Bronkoskopi

• EKG n'ibindi bipimo by'umutima (niba bikekwa ko ari umutima)

• Gusuzuma ibibazo by'ubwonko niba bikenewe

Nyuma y'ibi bipimo, impamvu ya nefeso gufata iramenyekana kandi hakorwa gahunda y'ubuvuzi igenewe umuntu ku giti cye.

Ni Abaganga Baki Bita ku Kibazo cya Nefeso Gufata?

Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kugorwa no guhumeka bashobora kubanza kugana muganga w'umuryango cyangwa muganga w'indwara rusange. Bitewe n'icyateye ikibazo, muganga w'indwara z'ibihaha (pulmonoloji) ashobora gusuzuma indwara z'ibihaha, naho muganga w'umutima (kardiyoloji) agasuzuma ibibazo by'umutima. Igihe bibaye ngombwa, hashobora gufatwa inama z'abaganga benshi icyarimwe.

Ni Indwara Z'ibihaha Zitera Nefeso Gufata?

Indwara z'ibihaha zikunze gutera nefeso gufata harimo asima, bronşite na KOAH. Asima ituma inzira z'umwuka zifunga, bigatera kumva igituza gifunganye. Guhumeka bifite urusaku cyangwa bisa n'urusaku rw'umuziki biboneka kenshi. Gufatwa n'ibicurane, gripa, allergie, gukora imyitozo ikomeye cyangwa umwuka wanduye nabyo bitera gufunga inzira z'umwuka. Nanone, guhumeka imyuka y'ubumara, imiti isukura cyangwa kuvanga imiti ibiri itandukanye nabyo bishobora gutera nefeso gufata.

Pneumotorax (gusandara k'ibihaha) bitera ububabare no kugorwa no guhumeka bitunguranye, naho gufungwa kw'imitsi y'ibihaha n'igipfunsi (pulmoneri emboli) bitera ububabare bukabije mu gatuza, kuzana igikoma kirimo amaraso, kugwa igihumure no kugorwa cyane no guhumeka.

Indwara z'Umutima Zitera Nefeso Gufata

Indwara z'umutima nazo ni impamvu ikomeye ya nefeso gufata. Mu gihe cy'igitaraganya cy'umutima no mu kunanirwa k'umutima, akenshi habaho kugorwa no guhumeka. Nanone, umutima utera cyane, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru, indwara z'imiryango y'umutima bitera ibibazo mu gutembera kw'amaraso, bigatuma abarwayi bumva batabashije guhumeka bihagije. Kubyimba k'ibihaha guterwa n'umutima nabyo ni ikibazo gikomeye gisaba kwitabwaho byihuse, kikajyana no kugorwa cyane no guhumeka no kubyimba.

Ni Ibiki Byafasha Nefeso Gufata?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya nefeso gufata ni ugutahura impamvu yabyo no gutangira ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gahunda y'ubuvuzi igomba gukorwa ku bufatanye n'umuganga. Byongeye, ibi bikurikira bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso:

• Kureka burundu itabi n'ibindi bicuruzwa byaryo

• Kwirinda umwuka wanduye n'imyuka y'imiti yangiza

• Kugira aho uba hafite umwuka uhagije

• Kongera imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo imikaya y'ubuhumekero ikomere, ariko gahunda y'imyitozo igatangizwa ku nama ya muganga

• Kugenzura ibiro

• Kwirinda allergie

• Kugira isuzuma ry'ubuzima rihoraho

Kandi, kugenzura stress, gukoresha uburyo bwo guhumeka neza no kugira gahunda nziza yo kuryama bifite uruhare mu buzima bwiza bw'ubuhumekero.

Inzira Zikora neza mu Kugabanya Nefeso Gufata

Ku bantu bafite indwara z'ubuhumekero za kera, allergie cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bihoraho, kugenzura uburwayi no gufata imiti neza ni ingenzi. Kureka itabi, gukora imyitozo no kugenzura ibiro bifite uruhare runini mu kugabanya nefeso gufata. Kwiga imyitozo yo guhumeka no kuruhuka nabyo bifasha guhumeka neza mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Niba ikibazo cyawe cyiyongera gitunguranye, ukagira nefeso gufata no mu gihe uruhutse cyangwa ububabare bukabije mu gatuza, ugomba kwihutira kujya kwa muganga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Kuki nefeso gufata ibaho?

Nefeso gufata ishobora guterwa n'indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa umutima, kubura amaraso, obezite, ibibazo by'imyakura, ingaruka z'ibidukikije n'impamvu z'ubwonko.

2. Nefeso gufata nakwivuza nde?

Umuganga w’umuryango, inzobere mu ndwara z’imbere mu mubiri, inzobere mu ndwara z’ibihaha (pulmonoloji) cyangwa inzobere mu ndwara z’umutima bashobora kugufasha gusuzuma iki kibazo. Uko ibimenyetso byawe bimeze n’impamvu ibitera bizagena aho woherezwa.

3. Nakora iki niba guhumeka bigoye bitunguranye?

Niba guhumeka bigoye byatangiye bitunguranye kandi bikomeye, hamwe n’ibimenyetso nko kuribwa mu gituza cyangwa kugwa igihumure, ugomba guhita ushaka ubufasha bwihuse kwa muganga.

4. Mfite ikibazo cyo guhumeka ariko nta ndwara mfite, bishobora guterwa n’imitekerereze?

Yego, stress yo mu mutwe, impagarara n’ibitero bya panike bishobora gutera guhumeka bigoye. Ariko, mbere na mbere, hagomba gukurwaho izindi mpamvu z’uburwayi.

5. Nakora iki mu rugo ngo ngabanye ikibazo cyo guhumeka bigoye?

Kureka itabi n’izindi ngeso mbi, guhumeka neza mu nzu, kwirinda stress n’ibitera allergie, no gukora imyitozo yo guhumeka wize kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha.

6. Nakora iki niba guhumeka bigoye bibaye ndi kuryama?

Niba ubona guhumeka bigoye nijoro, cyane cyane niba hari ikibazo cya apne ya nijoro, indwara z’umutima cyangwa ibihaha, ugomba gusuzumwa; jya kwa muganga bidatinze.

7. Guhumeka bigoye mu buhumekero (asthma) na KOAH bikorwa gute?

Kuvurwa neza n’imiti, kureka itabi no kugenzurwa na muganga kenshi bifasha kwirinda ibitero. Imyitozo yihariye yo guhumeka nayo ishobora kungura.

8. Ni iki gitera guhumeka bigoye mu bana?

Impamvu zikunze kubaho ni indwara z’ubuhumekero bwo hejuru, asthma, allergie n’igihe umwana yahuye n’ikintu cyamwinjiranye mu bihaha. Guhumeka bigoye bitunguranye bisaba ubufasha bwihuse.

9. Ni bande bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka bigoye?

Abakuze, abanywa itabi, abafite indwara zidakira n’abari mu bibazo bya stress nyinshi ni bo bibasirwa cyane.

10. Guhumeka bigoye bishobora guterwa n’ibiro byinshi?

Yego, abantu bafite ibiro byinshi bashobora kugira ubushobozi buke bwo guhumeka neza n’imikaya y’ubuhumekero igakora cyane; ibi bishobora gutera guhumeka bigoye.

11. Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa ku kibazo cyo guhumeka bigoye?

Nyuma yo kumva amateka y’umurwayi no kumusuzuma, bashobora gusaba ifoto y’ibihaha, ibizamini by’amaraso, ibipima imikorere y’ubuhumekero, EKG n’ibindi bizamini byisumbuyeho niba bikenewe.

12. Guhumeka bigoye bishobora kuba iby’igihe gito?

Yego, niba byatewe n’ubwandu cyangwa impamvu y’igihe gito yo mu bidukikije bishobora gukira burundu. Ariko niba bikomeje cyangwa byiyongera, ugomba kujya kwa muganga.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) — Ifishi y’ukuri ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero zidakira

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku bihaha (American Lung Association) — Guhumeka bigoye ni iki?

• Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku mutima (American Heart Association) — Guhumeka bigoye

• Chest Journal — Isuzuma rya dyspnea mu buvuzi

• European Respiratory Society — Amabwiriza yo gusuzuma dyspnea