He aha te Matepukupuku o te Kopu (Puku)? He aha ngā Tohu? He aha ngā Take?
Koaroni (Puku) Mate: Ngā Tohu, Ngā Take, Te Tautuhi me Ngā Tikanga Rongoā
Ko te mate koaroni he mate nui e whanake ana ki te puku me te rectum, ā, ka pā ki tētahi wāhanga nui o te pūnaha kākano. I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta mai i ngā polipi ka tipu ki te mata o te puku, ā, ka huri hei mate pukupuku i roto i te wā. Ka rerekē ngā tohu, ngā take me te rongoā o te mate nei i runga i te taumata o te mate me te āhua hauora whānui o te tangata. He mea nui te kite wawe i te mate, pēnei i ērā atu momo mate pukupuku, hei painga nui mō te pakanga ki te mate koaroni.
He Aha te Mate Koaroni (Puku)?
Ka puta te mate koaroni ki te puku, ā, ko tētahi o ngā momo mate pukupuku tino kitea i te ao. I te nuinga o te wā, ka kitea tēnei mate ki ngā tāngata kei runga ake i te 50 tau, engari ka taea te puta i ngā reanga katoa. Mō te hanganga o te puku, he roa tata ki te 1.5–2 mita, ā, e rua ngā wāhanga matua: ko te koaroni me te rectum. Ko te rectum te wāhanga whakamutunga o te puku e tata ana ki te tūtae, ā, ko reira te wāhi e penapena ai te para i mua i te puta ki waho o te tinana. Ko te koaroni te wāhanga whānui o te puku i mua i te rectum. Ka tae mai ngā kai mai i te puku angiangi ki te koaroni, ka mimiti te wai me ngā kohuke i konei, ā, ka penapena te para ki te rectum.
Ka tīmata te mate koaroni i roto i ngā pūtau o te paparanga mucosa e taupoki ana i te mata o te puku.
Te hanganga o te koaroni
Ko te nuinga o te mate pukupuku ka kitea ki ēnei wāhi;
Koaroni sigmoid (te wāhanga whakamutunga āhua S) : Ko te wāhanga o te puku e hono ana ki te rectum. Koinei te wāhi tino kitea ai te mate. I konei, ka kaha ake te pakari o te para, nā reira ka roa ake te pā o ngā pūtau ki te para, ka piki ake te tūraru.
Rectum : Ko te wāhanga o te koaroni e tata ana ki te tūtae. Ko te mate pukupuku ka puta ki konei ka kīia he mate rectum, engari i te nuinga o te wā ka kīia ngātahi hei “mate kolorektal”.
Koaroni piki (matau): Koinei te wāhi tuatahi ka tae atu ngā para wai mai i te puku angiangi. I konei, ka roa te wā kāore e kitea ngā tohu, nā te mea he wai tonu te para. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka kitea te mate koaroni matau i te wā kua tōmuri kē.
Koaroni whiti (transverse) : Ko te wāhanga whakapae e hono ana i te koaroni matau me te mauī. Ka taea te puta te mate ki konei, engari he iti ake te kitea i ērā atu wāhi.
Koaroni heke (mauī): Ko te wāhi e neke atu ai te para ki te tūtae. Ko ngā puku ki konei ka puta he kūnatu, te angiangi o te para, te toto hei tohu wawe.
Tata ki te 40–50% o ngā take ka puta ki te koaroni sigmoid me te rectum, ā, tata ki te 20% ki te koaroni piki (matau), ā, ko te toenga ki te koaroni whiti me te koaroni heke (mauī).
He Aha te Mate Kolorektal?
Ko te mate kolorektal e kapi ana i ngā mate pukupuku e whanake ana ki te koaroni me te rectum. Ka puta tēnei mate i te wāhanga raro o te pūnaha kākano, nā te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tīmata i ngā polipi pai ka huri hei mate pukupuku i roto i te wā. Mēnā ka kitea wawe te mate kolorektal, ka tino piki te tūmanako rongoā.
He aha ngā Tohu o te Mate Koaroni?
I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e kitea ngā tohu o te mate koaroni i te tīmatanga. Ka puta ngā tohu i te tipu haere o te puku, ā, ka taea te whakarāpopoto pēnei:
Te mamae o te puku, ngā kirikiri rānei
Te kūnatu, te kūnatu roa, te rerekē rānei o te āhua o te para
Te toto ki te para, te para rānei he pango (pēnei i te taranata)
Te ngaronga taumaha kāore e mārama te take
Te ngenge me te ngoikore mau tonu
Te pupuhi, te kī rānei o te puku
Ka taea ēnei tohu te tohu i ētahi atu mate hauora. Nō reira, he mea nui te toro atu ki tētahi mātanga hauora ina mau tonu, kāore rānei e mārama te take o ngā raruraru.
Ngā Take me Ngā Tūraru o te Mate Koaroni
Ahakoa kāore i te mōhiotia te tino take o te mate koaroni, kua tautuhia ētahi tūraru:
Te pakeke: Ka piki te tūraru i te hunga kei runga ake i te 50 tau.
Te hītori whānau: Mēnā he mate koaroni ki ngā whanaunga tata, ka piki te tūraru; i ēnei wā, ka tūtohutia kia tīmata wawe ake ngā whakamātautau tirotiro.
Ngā polipi: Ka taea ngā polipi ki te pakitara o te puku te huri hei mate pukupuku i roto i te wā, nō reira he mea nui te kite me te rongoā wawe.
Ngā raruraru ira: Ina koa ko ngā tūāhua tuku iho pēnei i te Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) ka piki ake te tūraru.
Ngā mate puku mumura: Ko te mate Crohn me te colitis ulcerative ka piki ake te tūraru.
Te āhua noho: Te kai iti muka, te kai nui hinu, te taumaha nui (momona), te kore kori tinana, te kai hikareti me te inu waipiro nui ka piki ake te tūraru.
Ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora: Ka piki hoki te tūraru ki te hunga mate huka momo 2.
Me pēhea te Tautuhi i te Mate Koaroni?
I ēnei rā, ko ngā tikanga endoscopy te mea matua hei tautuhi i ngā puku o te koaroni me te rectum. Mā te colonoscopy, ka taea te kite tika i te mata o roto o te puku me te tango i ngā polipi e whakapaetia ana. Hei whakamana i te mate, ka mahia te biopsy (te tango tauira kiko hei tirotiro ā-pūtaiao). Hei aromatawai i te rahi o te puku, te tūraru rānei o te horapa, ka whakamahia hoki ngā tikanga pērā i te CT scan. Ko te whakamātautau toto huna ki te para tētahi tikanga tirotiro e whakamahia nuitia ana.
Ngā Taumata o te Mate Koaroni me ngā Tohu e ai ki te Taumata
Taumata 0 (Karsinoma in situ): Kei te mata o roto anake te mate, kāore anō kia horapa. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore he tohu.
Taumata 1: Kei ngā paparanga o roto o te pakitara o te puku te mate. Ka taea te mamae māmā o te puku, te rerekē o ngā tikanga para, te iti rānei o te toto ki te para.
Taumata 2: Kua neke atu te puku i te pakitara o te puku engari kāore anō kia horapa ki ngā kōpū lymph. Ka puta pea te mamae o te puku, ngā rerekētanga nui o ngā tikanga para, te ngaronga taumaha me te pupuhi.
Taumata 3: Kua horapa te mate ki ngā kōpū lymph tata. Ka mārama ake te mamae o te puku, te ngoikore, te ngaronga kai me te toto ki te para.
Taumata 4: Kua horapa te mate ki ngā whekau tawhiti pēnei i te ate, te pūkahukahu rānei (metastasis). Ka kitea te tino ngenge, te mamae mau tonu o te puku, te aukatinga o te puku me te ngaronga taumaha tere.
He Aha te Take o te Mate Koaroni?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka whanake te mate koaroni i te huringa o ngā polipi pai hei mate pukupuku i roto i te wā. He wāhi nui tō ngā huringa ira o ngā pūtau; heoi, he mea nui hoki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te āhua noho. Ahakoa kāore e taea te tohu i tētahi take kotahi, ka taea te whakaiti i te tūraru mā te karo i ngā tūraru me te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa tirotiro.
E hia te roa ka whanake ai te Mate Koaroni?
He roa te whanaketanga o te mate koaroni, ā, ka taea te roa o ngā tau. Ko te huringa mai i te polipi ki te mate pukupuku ka 10–15 tau pea te roa. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te tirotiro auau, ina koa mō te hunga tūraru nui.
Ngā Momo Mate Koaroni
Ko te nuinga o ngā mate koaroni he adenocarcinoma; ka tīmata ēnei puku i ngā pūtau repe e taupoki ana i te mata o roto o te puku. He iti noa iho ngā momo kē atu pēnei i te lymphoma, sarcoma, carcinoid, me te gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Ka rerekē pea ngā tikanga tautuhi me te rongoā i runga i te momo puku.
Ngā Tikanga Rongoā mō te Mate Koaroni
Ka whakaritea te rongoā i runga i te taumata o te mate, te āhua whānui o te tangata me ngā āhuatanga o te puku. I te tīmatanga, he maha ngā wā ka ea mā te pokanga anake; ko te whāinga he tango i ngā polipi me te kiko mate. Mō ngā take kua whanake, ka taea te whakamahi i te chemotherapy, i ētahi wā te radiotherapy, ā, i ēnei rā, mō ētahi tūroro, ka taea hoki ngā rongoā arotahi, immunotherapy rānei. Me whakahaere te tirotiro me te rongoā e tētahi rōpū mātanga.
Te Pokanga Mate Koaroni
Ko te pokanga te tikanga matua mō te rongoā i te mate koaroni. Ka rerekē te mahi i runga i te wāhi me te horapa o te puku; i ngā taumata tīmatanga, ka taea te tango polipi anake, engari mō ngā take kua whanake, ka mahia te colectomy wāhanga (te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te koaroni me ngā kōpū lymph tata). Ka whakawhirinaki te whānuitanga o te pokanga me te wā whakaora ki te taumata o te mate me ngā āhuatanga takitahi o te tūroro.
Ngā Tūraru pea o te Pokanga Mate Koaroni
Āhua rite ki ngā pokanga katoa, tērā pea ka puta he mōrearea me ngā raruraru i ngā pokanga matepukupuku kōnana. Kei roto i ēnei ko te totohe, te whara o ngā whekau (hei tauira, ngā ara mimi, te pūkete, te kōpū, te ate, te pākawa, te kōnana rānei), te pakaru o ngā tuitui kōnana, te mate urutā i te wāhi pokanga me te whara io. Ka whakapau kaha kia whakaitihia ēnei mōrearea mā te aroturuki i te tūroro i mua me muri i te pokanga.
Ngā Mea Me Aro Atu i Muri i te Pokanga
I te wā whai muri i te pokanga, ka pāngia pea te tūroro ki te mamae māmā-āhua nui, i ētahi wā ki te mate urutā, ki te totohe rānei. Ka whakamahia ngā rongoā kua taunakitia e te rata mō te mamae, ā, ka taea te hoatu rongoā patu iroriki hei ārai i te mate urutā. He mea nui te hāpai i te rere o te toto mā te nekehanga (hei tauira, te tīmata wawe ki te neke me ngā mahi whakapakari tinana) me te inu wai nui hei ārai i ngā raruraru. Me ū ki ngā tohutohu a te rata, ā, me aro ki ngā tohutohu kai i te wā whakaora.
Te Wā Whakaora me te Roa o te Noho ki te Hōhipera
I muri i te pokanga matepukupuku kōnana, ka noho pea te tūroro ki te hōhipera mō te 5–10 rā. I muri i te tukunga ki te kāinga, ka roa pea te whakaora mō te kotahi, e rua marama rānei. I tēnei wā, he mea nui te ū ki ngā tohutohu kai, te whakamahi rongoā i ngā wā katoa, me te kore e wareware ki ngā rā aroturuki kia pai ai te haere o te whakaora.
He Aha ngā Mea Ka Āwhina ki te Ārai i te Matepukupuku Kōnana?
Ko te kai whai muka me te taurite, te rahi o te konupora me te huaora D, te pupuri i te taumaha hauora, te mahi tinana auau, te karo i te kai paipa me te inu waipiro nui, he mea nui hei ārai. Ina koa, i muri i te 50 tau, he mea nui kia mahia ngā whakamātautau aroturuki auau kia wawe te kite i te mate, kia pai ake ai ngā hua hauora.
Ko Wai ngā Tāngata kei Raro i te Mōrearea o te Matepukupuku Kōnana?
I te ao whānui, he nui ake te kitea o te matepukupuku kōnana i waenga i te hunga kei runga ake i te 50 tau te pakeke. Mō te hunga he hītori matepukupuku kōnana, kolorektara rānei, i roto i te whānau, ka tūtohuhia kia tīmata wawe te aroturuki auau. Kua kīia hoki i roto i ngā rangahau maha, ko te kai iti muka, te kai nui pūmua, te kore huaora D me te mate huka, ka whakapiki hoki i te mōrearea.
Kei hea te mamae o te matepukupuku kōnana e pā nui ana?
Ka pā te mamae ki ngā wāhanga raro, taha rānei o te puku, i ētahi wā ka horapa ki te puku katoa hei mamae whānui.
He tohu matepukupuku kōnana te hua pai o te whakamātautau gaita?
Ko te hua pai o te whakamātautau toto huna ki te kūnatu, ka tohu pea i te totohe i roto i ngā whekau, tae atu ki te matepukupuku kōnana. Me mahi anō i ngā whakamātautau hohonu hei whakatau i te mate.
Ka kitea te matepukupuku kōnana i te hāngū oro?
Ehara te hāngū oro i te tikanga tino pai hei kite tika i ngā matepukupuku o roto i te kōnana. He pai ake te whakamahi i te kolonoscopy me te CT mō te whakatau.
He mōrearea te pokanga matepukupuku kōnana?
Āe, pēnei i ngā pokanga katoa, he mōrearea ōna, engari mā te rōpū mātanga me te aroturuki tika ka taea te whakaiti i ēnei mōrearea.
Me haere ki tewhea wāhanga mō te matepukupuku kōnana (whekau)?
Ko te pokanga whānui me te/gastroenterology ngā wāhanga mātanga hei rapu i te whakatau me te rongoā.
E hia te roa o te pokanga matepukupuku kōnana?
Ka rerekē te roa i runga i te wāhi me te horapa o te mate, engari ko te toharite, 2–3 hāora pea te roa.
Ka taea te rongoā matepukupuku kōnana mā te rongoā?
I ngā wā tōmua, ka whakamahia pea te rongoā pēnei i te chemotherapy. Heoi anō, ko te pokanga tonu te rongoā matua i te wā tōmua.
He āhuatanga ira te matepukupuku kōnana?
Mō te hunga he hītori matepukupuku kōnana i roto i te whānau, he nui ake te mōrearea nā te āhuatanga ira, engari ehara i te mea he ira katoa ngā take.
Ka hoki anō te matepukupuku kōnana?
He mea nui te aroturuki auau i muri i te rongoā. I ētahi wā ka hoki anō te mate, nō reira me ū ki ngā tohutohu a te rata.
He ōrite te matepukupuku kōnana me te matepukupuku rektum?
Ahakoa he ōrite ētahi āhuatanga o te matepukupuku kōnana me te rektum, ka rerekē te rongoā me te aronga i runga i te wāhi o te mate. Ka kīia ēnei e rua ko te “matepukupuku kolorektara”.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Rōpū Hauora o te Ao (WHO) – Whārangi Whakamōhio Matepukupuku Kolorektara
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/colorectal-cancer
Te Rōpū Matepukupuku o Amerika (American Cancer Society) – Ngā Aratohu Matepukupuku Kolorektara
Te Rōpū Onokorikori Rongoā o Uropi (ESMO) – Ngā Aratohu Mahi Matepukupuku Kolorektara
Te Pokapū Manaaki me te Ārai Mate o Amerika (CDC) – Ngā Mōhiohio Matepukupuku Kolorektara
The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine – Ngā Rangahau Hou mō te Matepukupuku Kolorektara
Kua tae tātou ki te mutunga o tā tātou tuhinga. Tērā pea kua pāngia koe, tētahi rānei o ō hoa aroha ki tēnei mate.
Ka rite ki te ao, e noho tahi ana te pai me te kino; te ātaahua me te kino; a Leyla rāua ko Mecnun, pēnei anō te mate me te rongoā.
Ko te tūmanako, ko te mea ka tutuki i a koe, ko te wāhi rongoā o tō haerenga.
He kaha te mōhio. I ia mate, ko ia hikoinga mā te mōhio, ko te ara tino pai ki te tūmanako.
Ka hiahia ahau kia whai oranga rongoā koe me ō hoa aroha…