He Aha te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu? Ōna Tohu, Ngā Take, me Ngā Tikanga Tautuhi
He aha te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu? He aha ōna Tohu, Ngā Take, me ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau?
Ko te matepukupuku pūkahukahu he ingoa mō ngā puku kino ka puta i te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau i roto i te kiko o te pūkahukahu. I te tuatahi, ka tipu ēnei pūtau ki te wāhi i ahu mai ai rātou, ka hanga he puranga. Ka haere te wā, ka horapa te mate ki ngā kiko tata me ngā whekau tawhiti i te whanaketanga o te matepukupuku.
He momo matepukupuku tēnei e tino kitea ana puta noa i te ao, ā, ka hua he tino kino ngā hua. Nā te mea kāore he tohu i te tīmatanga, ka kitea te nuinga o ngā wā i te wā kua whanake kē te mate. Nō reira, he mea nui kia haere tonu ngā tāngata kei te mōrearea ki te arowhai, kia uru hoki ki ngā hōtaka tirohanga.
Ngā Kōrero Whānui mō te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu
Ko te matepukupuku pūkahukahu he mate e puta ana i te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau i roto i te pūkahukahu. Ko ngā tino take mōrearea ko te kai hikareti, te noho roa ki te poke o te hau, te pā atu ki te asbesto me te haurehu radon.
Nā te horapa o ēnei tūmomo mōrearea, otirā te kai hikareti, ko te matepukupuku pūkahukahu te tino take matepukupuku i ngā tāne me ngā wāhine i te nuinga o ngā whenua. Ahakoa ka taea te rongoā i te mate i te wā e kitea ana i te tīmatanga, he iti noa ngā kōwhiringa rongoā me te angitū i te nuinga o te wā, nā te mea ka kitea i te wā kua whanake kē te mate.
He Tohu Pehea te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu e Puta Ai?
Ka puta ngā tohu o te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te nuinga o te wā i ngā wāhanga tōmuri o te mate. Ahakoa he puku noho i te tīmatanga, ka puta pea ēnei amuamu i te haere o te wā:
He maremare mau tonu, ka kaha haere
He toto i te weruweru
He ngoikore tonu o te reo
He uaua ki te horomia
He hekenga o te hiahia kai me te ngaronga taumaha
He ngenge kāore e mōhiotia te take
I te mea ka kitea ēnei tohu i ētahi atu mate pūkahukahu, me rapu āwhina ki tētahi mātanga mēnā ka puta te whakapae.
Me pēhea te Rerekē o ngā Tohu o te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu i ia Wāhanga?
Wāhanga 0: Kei te paparanga o roto anake o te pūkahukahu ngā pūtau matepukupuku, kāore he tohu, ka kitea noa i ngā arowhai auau.
Wāhanga 1: Kei roto tonu te puku i te pūkahukahu, kāore anō kia horapa. Ka puta pea te maremare māmā, te koretake o te manawa, te mamae māmā i te uma. Ka taea te rongoā angitū mā te pokanga i tēnei wā.
Wāhanga 2: Kua tae pea te mate ki ngā kiko hōhonu ake o te pūkahukahu, ki ngā kōpū repe tata rānei. Ka nui ake te toto i te weruweru, te mamae o te uma me te ngoikore. Ka hiahiatia pea te rongoā patu-mate me te hihiko-rongoā hei tāpiri ki te pokanga.
Wāhanga 3: Kua horapa te mate ki waho o te pūkahukahu me ngā kōpū repe. Ka puta te maremare mau tonu, te mamae nui o te uma, te uaua ki te horomia, te ngaronga taumaha nui me te ngoikore nui. Ka whakamahia te huinga o ngā rautaki rongoā.
Wāhanga 4: Kua horapa te mate ki ngā whekau kē atu (hei tauira te ate, te roro, te wheua rānei). Ka kitea te koretake nui o te manawa, te ngenge nui, te mamae o te wheua me te māhunga, te kore hiahia kai me te ngaronga taumaha nui. I tēnei wāhanga, ko te whāinga he whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakapiki i te kounga oranga.
He aha ngā Take Matua o te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ko te kai hikareti te tino take mōrearea. Heoi anō, ka kitea te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te hunga kāore anō kia kai hikareti. Ko te nuinga o ngā matepukupuku pūkahukahu e hono ana ki te hikareti. Ko te noho ki te auahi hikareti ahakoa kāore koe e kai, he mōrearea nui anō hoki.
Ko tētahi atu take mōrearea ko te pā atu ki te asbesto. He kohuke te asbesto i whakamahia nuitia i mua mō tōna manawanui ki te wera me te kākā. I ēnei rā, ka kitea te pā atu i ngā wāhi mahi, i te wā e tangohia ana te asbesto.
Hei tāpiri, ko te poke o te hau, te haurehu radon, te hihiko iraruke, ngā mate pūkahukahu pērā i te KOAH, me te āhuatanga whānau ka whakapiki i te mōrearea o te matepukupuku pūkahukahu.
He Rerekē ngā Momo o te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka wehea ngā matepukupuku pūkahukahu ki ngā rōpū e rua e ai ki te hanganga pūtau i ahu mai ai:
Matepukupuku pūtau iti o te pūkahukahu: E 10-15% pea o ngā take katoa. He tere te tipu, he tere te horapa, ā, he nui te pānga ki te hikareti.
Matepukupuku kāore i te pūtau iti o te pūkahukahu: Ko te nuinga o ngā matepukupuku pūkahukahu (tata ki te 85%). Ka wehea tēnei rōpū ki ngā momo iti e toru:
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Ahakoa he pai ake te urupare me te ahunga o te matepukupuku kāore i te pūtau iti, he mea nui tonu te wāhanga o te mate me te hauora whānui o te tangata.
Ngā Take me ngā Mōrearea e Hua ai te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu
Ko te kai hikareti te tino whakaohooho i te mate.
Ahakoa kāore e kai hikareti, ka piki te mōrearea nā te noho ki te auahi.
Ko te pā roa ki te haurehu radon, otirā i ngā whare kāore e pai te hau, he mea nui.
Ko te asbesto, otirā i ngā wāhi mahi, ka whakapiki i te mōrearea.
Ko te poke nui o te hau me ngā matū ahumahi he take mōrearea anō hoki.
Mēnā he hītori matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te whānau, ka piki te mōrearea takitahi.
Ko te KOAH me ngā mate pūkahukahu roa he mōrearea tāpiri anō hoki.
Me pēhea te Kite i te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakaahua hou me ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga hei kimi i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu. Otirā, ka tūtohutia te tirohanga ā-tau mā te tomokanga rorohiko iti te hihiko mō te hunga mōrearea.
Mēnā he tohu ā-tinana, ko te whakaahua pūkahukahu, te tomokanga rorohiko, te tātari weruweru me te pokanga tango kiko (biopsy) ētahi o ngā tikanga paerewa. Mā ngā raraunga ka kitea te wāhanga, te horapa me te momo o te mate. Ka whakaritea te rautaki rongoā pai mō te tūroro i muri iho.
E hia te roa o te whanaketanga o te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu?
I te matepukupuku pūkahukahu, ka taea te 5–10 tau mai i te tīmatanga o te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau tae noa ki te kitea o te mate. Nā te roa o tēnei whanaketanga, ka kitea te nuinga o te hunga i te wāhanga tōmuri. Nō reira, he mea nui te arowhai auau me te tirohanga wawe.
He aha ngā Kōwhiringa Rongoā mō te Matepukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka whakatauria te rautaki rongoā e te momo, te wāhanga o te mate me te hauora whānui o te tūroro. I ngā wāhanga tīmatanga, ka taea te tango i te puku mā te pokanga. I ngā wāhanga tōmuri, ka whakamahia te rongoā patu-mate, te hihiko-rongoā, te rongoā whakaohooho-ā-ārai, te huinga rānei o ēnei. Ka whakaritea te rongoā e tētahi rōpū mātanga mō te tangata takitahi.
Ko te pokanga he kōwhiringa whai hua mō ngā wāhanga tīmatanga me ngā mate kāore anō kia horapa. Ka taea te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te pūkahukahu, te katoa rānei, i runga i te rahi me te wāhi o te puku. Ko ngā rongoā mō ngā wāhanga tōmuri, ko te whāinga he whakaroa i te whanaketanga o te mate me te whakaiti i ngā tohu.
Te Hiranga o te Tirohanga Auau me te Kite Wawe
Mēnā ka kitea te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i mua i te puta o ngā tohu, ka piki te angitū o te rongoā me te oranga. Otirā, mō te hunga kai hikareti, 50 tau neke atu, he mea nui te tirohanga ā-tau hei kimi wawe i te mate. Mēnā kei te mōrearea koe, me rapu tohutohu ki tētahi mātanga, me uru ki te hōtaka tirohanga tika.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
He aha ngā tohu tuatahi o te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ko te maremare mau tonu, te toto i te weruweru, te ngoikore o te reo me te koretake o te manawa ngā tohu whakatūpato tuatahi. Mēnā kei a koe ēnei amuamu, me toro ki te rata.
Ka kitea te matepukupuku pūkahukahu ki te hunga kai hikareti anake?
Kāo. Ahakoa ko te hikareti te tino take mōrearea, ka taea te puta o te mate ki te hunga kāore anō kia kai hikareti. He wāhi nui tō te noho ki te auahi, ngā take ira me ngā take taiao.
He matepukupuku pūkahukahu ā-whānau?
I ētahi whānau, ka piki te mōrearea nā te āhuatanga ira. Heoi anō, ko te nuinga o ngā take e pā ana ki te hikareti me te pā atu ki ngā mea kino o te taiao.
Ka taea te rongoā i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te wāhanga tīmatanga?
Āe, ka taea te whakaora katoa i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te wāhanga tīmatanga mā te rongoā tika. Nō reira, he mea whakaora te kite wawe.
Me pēhea te whakatau i te wāhanga o te mate?
Ka mahia te aromatawai mā ngā whakamātautau tirohanga me te matehewa, ā, mēnā e tika ana, mā te pokanga rākau hei kimi i te whānuitanga o te mate pukupuku me ngā whekau kua pāngia.He aha atu ngā mate ka taea te hē ki tēnei?
Ka taea e te bronkititū tōmua, te niumōnia, me ngā mate huaketo o te pūkahukahu te whakaatu āhuatanga ōrite. Me mātua aromatawai hohonu hei whakapūmau i te tātari.
He uaua te rongoā mō te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ka rerekē ngā kōwhiringa rongoā i runga i te taumata o te mate me te hauora o te tūroro. He mea matua te waihanga mahere rongoā motuhake mō ia tūroro.
He aha ngā mahi hei ārai i te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
He pai te karo i te hikareti me ngā hua tupeka, te karo i te paowa tuarua, te tango i ngā whakatūpato i ngā mahi mōrearea, me te whai i ngā arowhai hauora auau.
I ngā tau e hia ka kitea te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ahakoa ka kitea nuitia i waenga i te hunga pakeke neke atu i te 50 tau, ka puta i ngā reanga katoa. He nui ake te mōrearea ki te hunga kai hikareti.
Ka taea te whakapiki i te kounga oranga mō te hunga e noho ana me te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Āe, nā ngā tikanga rongoā o ēnei rā me ngā ratonga tautoko, ka taea te whakapiki i te kounga oranga.
Mā wai e taunaki te tirohanga mō te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ka tino taunaki te tirohanga auau mō te hunga kua roa e kai hikareti ana, neke atu i te 50 tau, me te hunga whai atu mōrearea.
Me pēhea te tautoko a te whānau i te wā o te rongoā?
Ko te tautoko ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro hoki, he mea nui ki te whakapai ake i te kounga oranga o te tūroro i te wā o te rongoā me muri mai.
He mōrearea te pokanga mō te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
He mōrearea kei ia pokanga. Mā te aromatawai hohonu me te whakarite tika i mua i te pokanga ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea.
He aha te tikanga o te whakamahi "rongoā atamai" i te rongoā?
I ētahi momo mate pukupuku pūkahukahu, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rongoā whāinga motuhake ("atamai"). Ka arotake tō rata i tēnei kōwhiringa i runga i te tātaritanga ira o te puku.
Ka aha mēnā kāore e rongoāhia te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Mēnā kāore e rongoāhia, ka tere te whanake o te mate, ka pā kino ki ngā mahi a ngā whekau matua. He mea matua te kite wawe me te rongoā wawe.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO): Lung Cancer
Te Rōpū Mate Pukupuku o Amerika (American Cancer Society): Lung Cancer
Te Pokapū Manaaki Mate o Amerika (CDC): Lung Cancer
Te Rōpū Onokōhi Rongoā o Uropi (ESMO): Lung Cancer Guidelines
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): Lung Cancer Screening and Early Detection