Yini Umdlavuza Wemiphunga? Yiziphi Izimpawu Zawo, Izimbangela, Nezindlela Zokuthola Lesi Sifo?

Kuyini Umdlavuza Wemiphunga? Yiziphi Izimpawu Zawo, Izimbangela Zawo, Nezindlela Zokuthola Lesi Sifo?

Umdlavuza wemiphunga igama elinikezwa izimila ezimbi ezithuthuka ngenxa yokwanda okungaphephile kwezicubu zemiphunga. Lezi zicubu ziqala ngokwanda endaweni ethile bese zakha inqwaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, ungandiza ezicutshini eziseduze noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Lesi sifo singesinye sezifo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni futhi esingaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Njengoba ngokuvamile singaniki zimpawu ezisheshayo esigabeni sokuqala, iningi labantu lithola lesi sifo sesisesigabeni esithuthukile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abasengcupheni ephezulu bahlolelwe njalo futhi babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuhlola.

Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo NgeMdlavuza Wemiphunga

Umdlavuza wemiphunga uyisifo esivela ngenxa yokwanda okungajwayelekile kwezicubu zemiphunga. Izinto ezandayo ezibangela ingozi enkulu zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ugwayi, ukuhlala endaweni enomoya ongcolile isikhathi eside, ukuchayeka ku-asbestos kanye negesi ye-radon.

Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, umdlavuza wemiphunga ungumthombo omkhulu wokufa okubangelwa umdlavuza kubantu besilisa nabesifazane emazweni amaningi. Nakuba umdlavuza wemiphunga otholakala kusenesikhathi ungaphulukiswa, iningi lamacala litholakala sesisesigabeni esithuthukile, okwenza izindlela zokwelapha nezinga lempumelelo kube nomkhawulo.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezivame Ukuvela NgeMdlavuza Wemiphunga?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wemiphunga zivame ukuvela esigabeni esithuthukile sesifo. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kube buthule, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zinkinga zingavela:

• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo nokwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

• Igazi kumphimbo

• Ukuphela kwezwi okuqhubekayo

• Ubunzima bokugwinya

• Ukwehla kokudla nesisindo

• Ukukhathala okungenasizathu

Lezi zimpawu zingavela nakwezinye izifo zemiphunga, ngakho uma kukhona ukungabaza, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wemiphunga Ngokwezinga Lesifo Zishintsha Kanjani?

Isigaba 0: Izicubu zomdlavuza zikhona kuphela ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwemiphunga, ngokuvamile azinazo izimpawu futhi zitholakala ngephutha lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

Isigaba 1: Umhlaza usagxile ngaphakathi kwemiphunga kuphela, awukabi nandiza. Kungavela ukukhwehlela okuncane, ukuphelelwa umoya noma ubuhlungu obuncane esifubeni. Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlinzwa kungaba nemiphumela emihle.

Isigaba 2: Umdlavuza usungene ezicutshini ezijulile zemiphunga noma ezindaweni eziseduze zama-lymph node. Igazi kumphimbo, ubuhlungu esifubeni kanye nokukhathala kuvame kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukwelashwa ngekhemotherapi noma i-radiotherapy.

Isigaba 3: Isifo sesinandize kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwemiphunga nasezindaweni zama-lymph node. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokugwinya, ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo kanye nokukhathala okukhulu kungavela. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana ndawonye.

Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza ususabalale kwezinye izitho zomzimba (isb. isibindi, ubuchopho noma amathambo). Ukuphelelwa umoya okukhulu, ukukhathala okukhulu, ubuhlungu bamathambo nobuhlungu bekhanda, ukungabi nendlala yokudla kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwesisindo kuyavameka. Kulesi sigaba, ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekuthuthukiseni izinga lempilo.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zomdlavuza Wemiphunga?

Isici esiyingozi kakhulu ukusebenzisa ugwayi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalabo abangakaze basebenzise ugwayi bangathola umdlavuza wemiphunga. Ngokujwayelekile, iningi elikhulu lamacala omdlavuza wemiphunga lihlotshaniswa nogwayi. Ukuchayeka kugwayi ngendlela engathile (passive smoking) nakho kwandisa kakhulu ingozi.

Phakathi kwezinye izingozi kukhona ukuchayeka ku-asbestos. I-asbestos, okuyiminerali ebisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa nokuguga, namuhla ichayeka kakhulu ezindaweni zomsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokususa i-asbestos.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola komoya, igesi ye-radon, imisebe ye-ionizing, izifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-KOAH (isifo esingapheli semiphunga) kanye nokuzalwa nomlando womndeni nakho kwandisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza wemiphunga.

Ingabe Kukhona Izinhlobo Ezingafani Zomdlavuza Wemiphunga?

Imidlavuza yemiphunga ihlukaniswa yaba amaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lwezicubu ezithintekayo:

Umdlavuza wemiphunga onezicubu ezincane: Uhlanganisa cishe u-10-15% wamacala. Uvame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi usakazeke masinyane, uvame ukuhlotshaniswa nogwayi.

Umdlavuza wemiphunga ongeyona yezicubu ezincane: Uhlanganisa iningi elikhulu (cishe 85%) lamacala omdlavuza wemiphunga. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu:

• Adenocarcinoma

• Squamous cell carcinoma

• Large cell carcinoma

Yize imidlavuza yemiphunga engeyona yezicubu ezincane ivame ukuphendula kangcono ekwelashweni, isigaba sesifo kanye nesimo jikelele sempilo kubalulekile.

Izinto Ezibangela Umdlavuza Wemiphunga Nezinto Eziyingozi

• Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kuyisici esikhulu esibangela lesi sifo.

• Ngisho nalabo abangawusebenzisi ugwayi, ukuchayeka kugwayi ngendlela engathile kwandisa kakhulu ingozi.

• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kugesi ye-radon, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezingavuleki kahle, kubalulekile.

• I-asbestos, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomsebenzi, yandisa ingozi.

• Ukuchayeka emoyeni ongcolile nasezikhemikhali zezimboni nakho kuyingozi.

• Ukuba nomlando womdlavuza wemiphunga emndenini kungandisa ingozi yomuntu siqu.

• Ukuba ne-KOAH noma ezinye izifo zemiphunga ezingapheli nakho kwandisa ingozi.

Kutholakala Kanjani Umdlavuza Wemiphunga?

Izindlela zesimanje zokuthwebula izithombe kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ziyasetshenziswa ekutholeni umdlavuza wemiphunga. Ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengcupheni, ukuhlolwa kweminyaka yonke ngemishini ye-CT enedosi ephansi kunganconywa.

Uma kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo, i-X-ray yemiphunga, i-CT scan, ukuhlolwa komphimbo kanye ne-biopsy (ukuthatha isampula yezicubu) kuyizindlela ezijwayelekile zokuthola lesi sifo. Ngemva kokuthola imininingwane, isigaba, ukusabalala kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza kuyahlonzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, indlela yokwelapha efanele ihlelwa ngomuntu ngamunye.

Umdlavuza Wemiphunga Uthuthuka Kungakapheli Isikhathi Esingakanani?

Kumdlavuza wemiphunga, kusukela ukuqala kokwanda okungajwayelekile kwezicubu kuya ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu kungathatha iminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-10. Ngenxa yale nkathi ende yokuthuthuka, iningi labantu lithola lesi sifo sesisesigabeni esithuthukile. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Wemiphunga?

Indlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba sesifo kanye nesimo sempilo yomuntu. Ezingeni lokuqala, ukuhlinzwa kokususa umdlavuza kuvame ukwenzeka. Ezingeni elithuthukile, ukwelashwa ngekhemotherapi, i-radiotherapy, i-immunotherapy noma inhlanganisela yazo kungakhethwa. Uhlobo lokwelashwa luzohlelwa ithimba elihlukahlukene ngokwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi ezingeni lokuqala noma lapho ukusabalala kungakabi kukhulu, kuyindlela ephumelelayo. Ngokwesayizi nendawo yomdlavuza, ingxenye yemiphunga noma yonke imiphunga ingasuswa. Ezingeni elithuthukile, ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlose ukunciphisa inqubekela phambili yesifo nokunciphisa izimpawu.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Njalo Nokutholwa Kusenesikhathi

Uma umdlavuza wemiphunga utholakala kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu, amathuba okuphumelela kokwelashwa kanye nezinga lokuphila kuyakhuphuka kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenzisa ugwayi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, ukuhlolwa konyaka kungasiza ekutholeni lesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Uma uzizwa usesimweni esiyingozi, kubalulekile ukubonana nochwepheshe nokubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokuhlola olufanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wemiphunga?

Ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, igazi kumphimbo, ukuphela kwezwi kanye nokuphelelwa umoya kuyizimpawu zokuqala. Uma unezinkinga ezinjalo, xhumana nodokotela.

Umdlavuza wemiphunga utholakala kuphela kulabo abasebenzisa ugwayi?

Cha. Nakuba ugwayi uyingozi enkulu, ngisho nalabo abangakaze basebenzise ugwayi bangathola lesi sifo. Ukuchayeka kugwayi ngendlela engathile, izici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo nakho kudlala indima.

Umdlavuza wemiphunga ungaba yofuzo emndenini?

Kwezinye izimindeni, ngenxa yokuzalwa nomlando womndeni, ingozi ingakhuphuka. Kodwa iningi lamacala lihlotshaniswa nogwayi kanye nokuchayeka kwezinto zemvelo.

Umdlavuza wemiphunga ungaphulukiswa esigabeni sokuqala?

Yebo, uma utholakala kusenesikhathi futhi welashwa ngendlela efanele, ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungenzeka. Yingakho ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Kutholakala kanjani isigaba somdlavuza?

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuhlola izithombe kanye, uma kudingeka, nge-biopsy ukuze kutholakale izinga lokusabalala komdlavuza kanye nezitho ezithintekile.

Yiziphi ezinye izifo ezingase zifane?

I-Bronchitis engapheli, umkhuhlane wamaphaphu noma izifo zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu zingabonisa izimpawu ezifanayo. Ukuze kutholakale isiqiniseko, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okunemininingwane.

Ingabe ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunzima?

Izinketho zokwelapha ziya ngokuthi isifo sesithuthuke kangakanani kanye nesimo sempilo yesiguli. Kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo lokwelapha olwenziwe ngokwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Kungenziwa ini ukuvimbela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Kugwemeke ukusebenzisa ugwayi nemikhiqizo yotshwala, kugwemeke ukuphefumula intuthu yomuntu ongayisebenzisi, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzivikela emisebenzini enobungozi, kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame ukubonakala eminyakeni emingaki?

Uvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, kodwa ungavela kunoma yimuphi umuntu. Ikakhulukazi labo abaphethe ugwayi basengozini enkulu.

Ingabe ikhwalithi yokuphila ingathuthukiswa kulabo abaphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Yebo, namuhla izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Ubani okufanele ahlolwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ikakhulukazi labo abaphethe ugwayi isikhathi eside, abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 kanye nalabo abanobungozi obengeziwe, batuswa ukuhlolwa njalo.

Abaseduze nesiguli bangasiza kanjani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ukusekela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kunomthelela omuhle ekuphileni kwesiguli ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.

Ingabe ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyingozi?

Kukhona ubungozi obuthile njengazo zonke izinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlolwa okunemininingwane ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye nokulungiselela kahle kunciphisa leyo miphumela.

Kuyini ukusetshenziswa "kwemithi ehlakaniphile" ekwelapheni?

Kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe ngqo kumaseli omdlavuza (“imithi ehlakaniphile”) kungenziwa. Udokotela wakho angahlola le nketho ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza.

Kuzokwenzekani uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungaphathwa?

Uma ungaphathwa, umdlavuza ungashesha usabalale, uphazamise ukusebenza kwezitho ezibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile.

Imithombo

• World Health Organization (WHO): Lung Cancer

• American Cancer Society: Lung Cancer

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Lung Cancer

• European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO): Lung Cancer Guidelines

• National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

• Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): Lung Cancer Screening and Early Detection