Yini Ukuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo? Yiziphi Izimpawu Zaso Nezimbangela Zaso? Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukwelashwa Kwakho Ngokwesimanje?
Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo, Izimbangela Zakhona? Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Zanamuhla?
Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okudingwa yithambo lenhliziyo. Ngokomthetho wezokwelapha okubizwa ngokuthi i-miyokadi infakthasi, kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okungazelelwe emithanjeni yokudla inhliziyo. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kubangelwa ukuqoqana kwamafutha, i-cholesterol kanye nezinye izinto odongeni lwemithambo, okungagcina sekuphuka noma kwakheke igazi eliqinile elivala umthambo ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kunganciphisa umonakalo enhliziyweni.
Incazelo Yesifo Senhliziyo Nezimbangela Zaso Eziyisisekelo
Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kubonakala ngokulimala kwethambo lenhliziyo ngenxa yokungatholakali komoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukuvinjelwa noma ukuncipha okungazelelwe kwemithambo yokudla inhliziyo. Ukuqoqana kwamafutha odongeni lwemithambo kunganciphisa umthambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bese uma kuqhuma, igazi eliqinile lingavala ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni ngokuzumayo. Uma lokhu kuvinjelwa kungavulwa ngokushesha, ithambo lenhliziyo lingalimala ngendlela engasaphenduki futhi amandla enhliziyo okumpompa angancipha, okusho ukuthi kungavela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kuseyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni jikelele. Emazweni amaningi, ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu kunokufa okubangelwa izingozi zomgwaqo.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezivame Ukubonakala Uma Uhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo?
Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi zingavela ngezimpawu ezingacacile. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki: Ukucindezeleka, ukuvaleka, ukushisa noma umuzwa wokuba nzima phakathi nesifuba; kwesinye isikhathi kungasabalala esandleni sokunxele, entanyeni, emhlathini, emhlane noma esiswini.
Ukuphelelwa umoya: Kungavela kanye nobuhlungu besifuba noma kungaveli nakho.
Ukukhipha izithukuthuku: Ikakhulukazi izithukuthuku ezibandayo neziningi kuyinto evamile.
Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala: Kungase kube nokukhathala okwandayo ezinsukwini ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.
Ukujikeleza ikhanda noma umuzwa wokudideka
Isicanucanu, ukuphalaza noma ukungakhululeki esiswini
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungahambisani nomsebenzi noma okungapheli
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
Ubuhlungu emhlane, emahlombe noma esiswini esiphezulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.
Ukukhwehlela okungenasizathu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula
Ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni, emadolweni noma ezithweni (ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthukile) Lezi zimpawu kwesinye isikhathi zingaba buthakathaka, kwesinye isikhathi zibe nzima kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma ubuhlungu besifuba nokuphelelwa umoya kuqhubeka imizuzu embalwa noma kuphindaphinda, kufanele kutholakale usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.,
Izimpawu Zokuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo Eziqhamuka Emaqenjini Ahlukene
Kwabesifazane nakubantu abasha, ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kungavela ngaphandle kobuhlungu besifuba obujwayelekile. Kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu emhlane, isicanucanu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kanye nokukhathazeka kungaba izimpawu ezihamba phambili. Kubantu abadala noma abanesifo sikashukela, umuzwa wobuhlungu ungaba buthakathaka, esikhundleni salokho kungavela ubuthakathaka ngokuzumayo noma ukuphelelwa umoya njengophawu lokuqala.
Ukungakhululeki kwesifuba okuzwakala ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sokulala, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, izithukuthuku ezibandayo kanye nokuvuka ngokuzumayo kungaba izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo okuhlobene nokulala.
Yiziphi Izici Eziyingozi Ezibangela Ukuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo?
Kunezici eziningi eziyingozi ezibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo futhi lezi zivame ukuvela ndawonye. Izici eziyingozi ezivame kakhulu:
Ukusebenzisa ugwayi nemikhiqizo yotshwala
I-cholesterol ephezulu (ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwe-LDL cholesterol)
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-hypertension)
Isifo sikashukela
Ukukhuluphala nokungazivocavoci
Ukudla okungelona elinempilo (okunamafutha amaningi agcwele nama-trans fat, ukudla okungenayo ifayibha)
Umlando wesifo senhliziyo emndenini esemncane
Ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kwengqondo okuqhubekayo
Ukuguga (ubungozi buyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka)
Ubulili besilisa (kodwa nangemva kokuyeka kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane, ubungozi buyanda) Eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi (njenge-C-reactive protein, homocysteine) ingakhombisa ubungozi obunyuke. Ezokwelapha zanamuhla, kubantu abakhuluphele kakhulu, ezinye izindlela zokuhlinzwa noma zokungenelela zihlanganiswa nokushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi.
Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa KweSifo Senhliziyo?
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo wukuhlola izikhalo zesiguli kanye nesimo sakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa lezi zivivinyo eziyisisekelo:
I-Electrocardiography (EKG): Ikhombisa izinguquko emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sohlaselo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwama-enzyme nama-protein akhishwa yithambo lenhliziyo njengama-troponin kusekela ukuhlolwa.
I-Echocardiography: Ihlola amandla okuncipha kwenhliziyo kanye nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza kwayo.
Uma kudingekile, i-X-ray yamaphaphu, i-computed tomography noma i-magnetic resonance imaging ingasetshenziswa njengokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
I-Coronary angiography: Yenziwa ukuthola ngokuqinisekile ukuvinjelwa noma ukuncipha kwemithambo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenziwe ukwelashwa. Uma kudingeka ngesikhathi sokungenelela, umthambo ungavulwa ngebhaluni angioplasty noma kufakwe i-stent.
Izinto Zokuqala Okufanele Zenziwe Uma Uhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo
Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu ozwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele zilandelwe yilezi:
Shayela izinsiza zezempilo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha (biza i-ambulensi noma uye esibhedlela)
Umuntu kufanele ahlale endaweni ezolile, anciphise ukuhamba
Uma ekodwa, kufanele ashiye umnyango uvulekile noma acele usizo kubantu abaseduze
Uma kudalulwe udokotela ngaphambilini, angasebenzisa imithi efana ne-nitroglycerin yokuvikela
Kufanele kulindwe usizo lwezokwelapha kuze kufike ithimba lezempilo, kugwenywe umzamo ongadingekile nokwesaba Okuphuthumayo okusheshayo nokufanele kunciphisa umonakalo wethambo lenhliziyo futhi kwandisa amathuba okuphila.
Izindlela Zanamuhla Zokwelapha Ukuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo
Ezokwelapha zanamuhla zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo zihlelwa ngokuya ngohlobo lohlaselo, ubunzima balo kanye nezici eziyingozi ezikhona. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka lezi zinyathelo:
Kusheshiswa ukwelashwa ngemithi evula imithambo nemithi enciphisa ukujiya kwegazi
Ukungenelela emithanjeni (i-angioplasty, ukufakwa kwe-stent) kuvame ukuba yindlela yokuqala
Uma kudingeka, kungahlinzwa i-by-pass ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imithambo evalekile ngemithambo enempilo
Ngemuva kokuphela kobungozi bokuphila, kushintshwa indlela yokuphila, kusetshenziswe imithi njalo futhi kulawulwe izici eziyingozi
Ukuyeka ugwayi, ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kanye nokulawula isifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi kuyizinyathelo eziyisisekelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zilandele izeluleko zochwepheshe bezifo zenhliziyo kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlinza imithambo zenhliziyo futhi ziye njalo ezivivinyweni zokulawulwa.
Yini Engenziwa Ukuze Kuvikelwe Ukuhlaselwa Yisifo Senhliziyo?
Ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo bungancishiswa kakhulu ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila ezimweni eziningi:
Gwema ngokuphelele ugwayi nemikhiqizo yotshwala
Dala uhlelo lokudla olunekholesterol ephansi, olunothe ngemifino nefayibha, olunomkhawulo kumafutha agcwele kanye nokudla okucutshunguliwe
Zivocavoce njalo; okungenani imizuzu engu-150 ngesonto yomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nendawo iyelulekwa
Lawula umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye noshukela wegazi; uma kudingeka, qhubeka nokwelashwa kwemithi njalo
Uma ukhulupele noma ukhulu kakhulu, cela usizo lochwepheshe ukuze ufinyelele isisindo esinempilo
Funda ukuphatha ukucindezeleka futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokwesekwa ngokwengqondo. Ukunaka lezi zinyathelo kusiza ukunciphisa ukufa okubangelwa izifo zenhliziyo emhlabeni jikelele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kuvame ukwenzeka eminyakeni emingaki?
Ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo buyanda ngokukhula kweminyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yezici zofuzo, isifo sikashukela, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kanye nendlela yokuphila, kungavela nakubantu abadala abasebasha.
Kungenzeka yini ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngaphandle kobuhlungu besifuba?
Yebo. Ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, abanesifo sikashukela kanye nabantu abadala, ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kungavela ngaphandle kobuhlungu besifuba. Kufanele unake izimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezifana nobuthakathaka, ukuphelelwa umoya, isicanucanu noma ubuhlungu emhlane.
Inhliziyo ingase ihlaselwe ebusuku noma ngesikhathi uleleephe?
Yebo, ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kungenzeka ngesikhathi uleleephe noma ekuseni kakhulu. Labo abavuka ngokuzumayo benobuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukudideka kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane ziyefana nezabesilisa?
Kwabesifazane, esikhundleni sobuhlungu besifuba obuvamile, kungavela ukukhathala, ubuhlungu emhlane nasemathunjini, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma isicanucanu.
Yiziphi izimo ezingadidaniswa nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?
Izinkinga zesisu, i-panic attack, izinhlungu zemisipha noma zomgogodla, i-reflux kanye nomkhuhlane wamaphaphu kungaba nezimpawu ezifanayo nesifo senhliziyo. Uma kunokungabaza, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulibala.
Kufanele yini uphuze i-aspirin uma uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?
Uma udokotela wakho ekwelulekile futhi ungenayo i-allergy, kungaba usizo kwezinye izimo ukuluma i-aspirin kuze kufike usizo oluphuthumayo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, usizo lwezokwelapha kufanele lube yinto yokuqala okufanele yenziwe.
Ngabe kungenzeka ukuphola ngokuphelele emva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?
Iningi labaguli abathola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi bangaphila impilo enempilo ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nokulahleka okungapheli kwemisebenzi yenhliziyo.
Yiziphi izimbangela zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kwentsha?
Kwentsha, ukubhema, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukukhuluphala, ukungazivocavoci, kanye nezinye izinkinga zemithambo yokuzalwa kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo.
Kufanele unake ini ekudleni ukuze uvikeleke ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo?
Kufanele kukhethwe imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, inhlanzi kanye namafutha anempilo; ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha agcwele, amafutha e-trans, usawoti noshukela kufanele kukhawulwe.
Ungaqala nini ukuzivocavoca emva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?
Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca emva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kufanele luqale ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela kanye nokuhlolwa kobungozi bomuntu siqu.
Umuntu ohlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo uhlala isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela?
Lesi sikhathi sincike ebukhulwini besifo kanye nokwelashwa okwenziwe. Imvamisa, kugcinwa esibhedlela phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni elilodwa.
Kufanele ngenzeni uma kunomlando wesifo senhliziyo emndenini?
Umlando womndeni uyingozi enkulu. Kufanele ungabhemi, udle kahle, uzivocavoce njalo futhi uma kudingeka wenze ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo njalo.
Ingabe ingcindezi ingaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifo senhliziyo?
Ingcindezi yesikhathi eside ingakhuphula ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ukugwema ingcindezi noma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubhekana nayo ezisebenzayo kuzoba usizo.
Imithombo
Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba (World Health Organization, WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.
Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo YaseMelika (American Heart Association, AHA): Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery.
Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo YaseYurophu (European Society of Cardiology, ESC): Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction.
Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbela Izifo zase-US (CDC): Heart Disease Facts.
New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Izincwadi zezokwelapha ezibuyekezwa ongoti).