Yintoni Uhlaselo Lwentliziyo? Zeziphi Iimpawu zayo, Izizathu zayo? Kwaye Ikwenziwa Njani Unyango Lwayo Ngokujonga Kwale Mihla?
Ziziphi Iimpawu Zesifo Sentliziyo, Ziziphi Izizathu Zaso? Ziziphi Iindlela Zonyango Zanamhlanje?
Isifo sentliziyo, imeko efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, esenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo ziswela kakhulu ioksijini kunye nokutya. Igama layo kwezonyango yi-miyokhadi infakthasi, idla ngokubangelwa kukuvinjwa ngesiquphe kwemithambo ye-coronary enika intliziyo igazi. Olu vinjwa lwenza ngenxa yeplaque eyenziwe ngamanqatha, ikholesterol kunye nezinye izinto eziqokelelweyo eludongeni lwemithambo, okanye ngenxa yegazi eliqinileyo elivala ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye umthambo. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunokunciphisa umonakalo entliziyweni.
Inkcazo Yesifo Sentliziyo Nezizathu Ezisisiseko
Isifo sentliziyo; yimeko echazwa kukungakwazi kweentliziyo ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumonakalo wesicubu sentliziyo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukuncipha okanye ukuvinjwa ngesiquphe kwemithambo ye-coronary. Iplaque eqokelelweyo eludongeni lwemithambo inokuba yenza umthambo ube mncinci, kwaye xa iqhekeka, igazi eliqinileyo lingavala ukuhamba kwegazi ngesiquphe. Ukuba olu vinjwa aluvulwanga ngokukhawuleza, izihlunu zentliziyo zinokonakaliseka ngokusisigxina kwaye amandla entliziyo okupompa angancipha, oko kukuthi, kungavela ukusilela kwentliziyo. Isifo sentliziyo sihlala sisesona sizathu siphambili sokufa kwihlabathi liphela. Kumazwe amaninzi, isifo sentliziyo sibangela ukufa okungaphezulu kakhulu kokubangelwa ziingozi zendlela.
Ziziphi Ezona Mpawu Zixhaphakileyo Zesifo Sentliziyo?
Iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo zingahluka kumntu nomntu kwaye zinokuvela ngeempawu ezingacacanga. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:
Iintlungu okanye ukungonwabi esifubeni: Uxinzelelo, ukuxinana, ukutsha okanye ubunzima embindini wesifuba; ngamanye amaxesha kungasabalala emlenzeni wasekhohlo, entanyeni, emhlathini, emqolo okanye esiswini.
Ukuphelelwa ngumoya: Inokuvela kunye neentlungu zesifuba okanye yodwa.
Ukubila: Ingakumbi ukubila okubandayo nokuxhaphakileyo kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
Ukudinwa nokungabi namandla: Ukudinwa okwandayo kwiintsuku eziphambi kwesi sigulo, ingakumbi kubafazi.
Ukuphathwa yintloko okanye ukuziva ubuthathaka
Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle esiswini
Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelani nomsebenzi okanye okungapheliyo
Ukukhawuleza okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwebetha yentliziyo
Iintlungu emqolo, emagxeni okanye phezulu esiswini, ingakumbi kubafazi.
Ukukhohlela okungenazizathu okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla
Ukudumba emilenzeni, ezinyaweni okanye emadolweni (ngakumbi kumaxesha aphambili) Ezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba zithambileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Ingakumbi ukuba iintlungu zesifuba kunye nokuphelelwa ngumoya akupheli kwiimizuzu embalwa okanye kuyaphinda-phinda, kufuneka kufunyanwe uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.,
Iimpawu Zesifo Sentliziyo Kwamaqela Ahlukeneyo
Kubafazi nakubantu abatsha, isifo sentliziyo singavela ngaphandle kweempawu eziqhelekileyo zentlungu esifubeni. Kubafazi, ukudinwa, iintlungu emqolo, isicaphucaphu, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye noxinzelelo zinokuba zezona mpawu zibalulekileyo. Kubantu abadala okanye abaneswekile, intlungu inokuba ithambile, endaweni yayo kungavela ubuthathaka ngesiquphe okanye ukuphelelwa ngumoya njengempawu zokuqala.
Ukungonwabi esifubeni, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, ukubila okubandayo kunye nokuvuka ngesiquphe ebusuku nako kungabonisa isifo sentliziyo esenzeka ngexesha lokulala.
Ziziphi Ezona Zinto Zisongela Isifo Sentliziyo?
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezandisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kwaye ezi zinto zihlala zikhona ngaxeshanye. Ezona zinto zisongela zixhaphakileyo zezi:
Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kunye neemveliso zawo
Ikholesterol ephezulu (ingakumbi ukwanda kwe-LDL cholesterol)
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (hypertension)
Iswekile (isifo seswekile)
Ukutyeba kunye nokungaziloliyo emzimbeni
Ukutya okungatyiwa kakuhle (ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, i-trans fat, kunye nokungabi ne-fiber)
Imbali yesifo sentliziyo kusapho kwixesha lokuqala lobomi
Uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye noxinzelelo oluhlala lukhona
Ukuguga (umngcipheko uyanda ngokunyuka kweminyaka)
Isini sobudoda (kodwa emva kokuphela kokuya exesheni, umngcipheko uyanda nakubafazi) Eminye imiphumo yovavanyo lwelabhoratri (njenge-C-reactive protein, homocysteine) nayo inokuba luphawu lomngcipheko ophezulu. Kwezonyango zanamhlanje, kubantu abatyebileyo, ezinye iindlela zonyango ezifana nonyango lokuhlinzwa kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zinceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
Isifo Sentliziyo Sifumaneka Njani?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni isifo sentliziyo kukuhlola izikhalazo zomntu kunye nemeko yakhe. Emva koko kusetyenziswa olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
Electrocardiography (EKG): Ibonisa utshintsho kumsebenzi wombane wentliziyo ngexesha lesigulo.
Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ingakumbi ukunyuka kwee-enzyme kunye neprotheyini ezifana ne-troponin ezikhutshwa zizihlunu zentliziyo kuxhasa ukufunyanwa kwesifo.
Echocardiography: Ilinganisela amandla okuncipha kwezihlunu zentliziyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwayo.
Kwiimeko ezifunekayo, i-x-ray yomphunga, i-computed tomography okanye i-magnetic resonance imaging zinokusetyenziswa njengovavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Coronary angiography: Yenziwa ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuvinjwa kunye nokuncipha kwemithambo, kwaye unyango lwenziwa ngexesha elifanayo. Xa kuyimfuneko, umthambo unokuvulwa ngebhaluni angioplasty okanye i-stent.
Izinto Zokuqala Ezenziwayo Kwisifo Sentliziyo
Ixesha libalulekile kumntu oziva iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo. La manyathelo alandelayo kufuneka alandelwe:
Kuya kufuneka kufowunelwe iinkonzo zoncedo olukhawulezileyo (i-emergency service okanye i-ambulensi)
Umntu kufuneka ahlale kwindawo ezolileyo, anciphise intshukumo yakhe
Ukuba ukwedwa, shiya ucango luvulekile okanye cela uncedo kubantu abakufutshane
Ukuba ugqirha wayekhe wacebisa, ungasebenzisa amayeza okhuselo afana ne-nitroglycerin
Linda uncedo lobuchwephesha de kufike iqela lezonyango, kwaye uzame ukuphepha umsebenzi ongafunekiyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ngexesha lesigulo kunciphisa umonakalo kwizihlunu zentliziyo kwaye kwandisa amathuba okusinda.
Iindlela Zanamhlanje Zonyango Kwisifo Sentliziyo
Kwiindlela zonyango zanamhlanje, unyango lwesifo sentliziyo luhlelwa ngokohlobo lwesigulo, ubunzima baso kunye nezinto zomngcipheko ezikhoyo. Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya la manyathelo:
Kusetyenziswa amayeza avula imithambo kunye namayeza athinisa igazi ngokukhawuleza
Kwangethuba, unyango lwemithambo ye-coronary (angioplasty, ukufakwa kwe-stent) luhlala luyeyona nto iphambili
Xa kuyimfuneko, kungasetyenziswa utyando lwe-by-pass ukutshintsha imithambo evalekileyo ngemithambo esempilweni
Emva kokuba umngcipheko wobomi ususwe, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza rhoqo kunye nolawulo lwezinto zomngcipheko ziqinisekiswa
Ukuyeka ugwayi, ukutya okusempilweni nokulinganiselweyo, ukomeleza umzimba rhoqo, ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye nokulawula iswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ukuba zikhona, zezona zinto zisisiseko. Kubalulekile ukuba abaguli balandele ngononophelo iingcebiso zeengcali ze-cardiology kunye noogqirha bokuhlinza imithambo yentliziyo, kwaye baye kuvavanyo rhoqo.
Yintoni Enokwenziwa Ukuze Kuthintelwe Isifo Sentliziyo?
Umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo unokuncitshiswa kakhulu ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila:
Ukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ugwayi kunye neemveliso zawo
Ukutya okunecholesterol ephantsi, okutyebileyo kwizityalo kunye ne-fiber, kunye nokunciphisa ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo
Ukuzilolonga rhoqo; kucetyiswa ubuncinane imizuzu engama-150 yokuqina komzimba okuphakathi ngeveki
Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neswekile; ukuba kuyimfuneko, qhubeka nonyango lwamayeza rhoqo
Ukuba unamafutha amaninzi okanye ukutyeba, funa uncedo lobuchwephesha ukufikelela kubunzima obusempilweni
Funda ulawulo loxinzelelo kwaye usebenzise iinkqubo zoncedo lwengqondo. Ukunyaniseka kwezi manyathelo kunceda ukunciphisa ukufa okubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Imibuzo Ebuziwa Rhoqo
Isifo sentliziyo sixhaphakile kwiminyaka emingaphi?
Umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo uyanda ngokukhula kweminyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nezinto ezifunyanwa kusapho, iswekile, ukusetyenziswa kogwayi kunye nendlela yokuphila, sinokubonakala nakubantu abatsha abadala.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukufumana isifo sentliziyo ngaphandle kweentlungu zesifuba?
Ewe. Ingakumbi kubafazi, abantu abaneswekile kunye nabantu abadala, isifo sentliziyo singavela ngaphandle kweentlungu zesifuba. Kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokudinwa, ukuphelelwa ngumoya, isicaphucaphu okanye iintlungu emqolo.
Ingaba isifo sentliziyo sinokwenzeka ebusuku okanye xa ulele?
Ewe, izifo zentliziyo zinokwenzeka xa ulele okanye kusasa. Abo bavuka besiva iintlungu ezingalweni, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga okanye isingqala kufuneka bafune unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaba iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kubasetyhini zahluke kwabasetyhini?
Kubasetyhini, endaweni yeentlungu zesiqhelo ezingalweni, kunokubonakala ubuthathaka, iintlungu emqolo nasezantsi, ukuphefumla nzima, okanye isicaphucaphu.
Zeziphi iimeko ezinokudideka nesifo sentliziyo?
Iingxaki zesisu, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, iintlungu zemisipha nezithambo, i-reflux kunye nomqala obuhlungu zinokunika iimpawu ezifana nesifo sentliziyo. Xa kungaqinisekanga, kufuneka kufunwe unyango.
Ngaba kufuneka kuthathwe i-aspirin xa usifa sentliziyo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyacebisa kwaye awunayo i-allergi, ukugwinya i-aspirin de kufike uncedo olukhawulezileyo kunokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko. Kodwa kuzo zonke iimeko, uncedo lwezonyango kufuneka lube yinto ephambili.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngokupheleleyo emva kwesifo sentliziyo?
Uninzi lwabantu abafumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, banokubuyela kubomi obusempilweni ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kunokubakho ilahleko engapheliyo yomsebenzi wentliziyo.
Ziziphi izizathu zesifo sentliziyo kubantu abatsha?
Kubantu abatsha, ukutshaya, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukutyeba, ukungasebenzi, kunye nezinye iimpazamo zemithambo yegazi ezizalwa nazo zinokubangela isifo sentliziyo.
Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekutyeni ukukhusela isifo sentliziyo?
Kufuneka kukhethwe imifuno, iziqhamo, ingqolowa epheleleyo, intlanzi kunye neoyile ezisempilweni; ukutya ioyile ezityebileyo kunye ne-trans fats, ityuwa kunye neswekile kufuneka kuncitshiswe.
Nini kuqala umthambo emva kwesifo sentliziyo?
Inkqubo yomthambo emva kwesifo sentliziyo kufuneka iqale phantsi kolawulo logqirha kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko lomntu.
Umntu ofumene isifo sentliziyo uhlala ixesha elingakanani esibhedlele?
Eli xesha lixhomekeke kubunzima besifo kunye nonyango olwenziweyo. Uninzi luhlala phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki enye esibhedlele.
Ndingenza ntoni ukuba kukho isifo sentliziyo kusapho?
Imbali yosapho yinto ebalulekileyo yomngcipheko. Ukungatshayi, ukutya okusempilweni, umthambo rhoqo kunye nokuba neenkonzo zonyango rhoqo kufuneka kwenziwe xa kuyimfuneko.
Ngaba uxinzelelo lwengqondo lunokubangela isifo sentliziyo?
Uxinzelelo lwengqondo olude, lunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo ngendlela engathanga ngqo. Ukuphepha uxinzelelo okanye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula uxinzelelo kuya kuba luncedo.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (World Health Organization, WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.
Umbutho weNtliziyo waseMelika (American Heart Association, AHA): Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery.
Umbutho waseYurophu wezeNtliziyo (European Society of Cardiology, ESC): Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction.
Iziko laseMelika loLawulo lweZifo (CDC): Heart Disease Facts.
New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Iimagazini zonyango eziphicothiweyo).