Ukukrwempa Emzimbeni: Izizathu, Iimpawu kunye Neendlela Zolawulo
Yintoni Ukurhawuzelela?
Ukurhawuzelela, eyaziwa ngokuba "pruritus" kwezonyango, sisikhalazo esiqhelekileyo esinokuvela nakweyiphi na indawo yomzimba okanye kuwo wonke umzimba. Rhoqo lukhohlakele kwaye luyadlula, kodwa kwezinye iimeko lunokuba lukhulu kwaye luhlala ixesha elide kangangokuba luphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqhelekileyo luhlobene nengxaki yesikhumba, kodwa lunokuba luphawu lwezifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu zokurhawuzelela nokufumana uncedo lochwephesha ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso esifanelekileyo solawulo.
Yintoni Uvakalelo Lokurhawuzelela? Luchongwa Njani?
Ukurhawuzelela lubangela uvakalelo olungonwabisiyo esikhumbeni, olunokubonakala njengokutsha okanye ukutshisa. Ngamanye amaxesha luba luhlaza njengentlungu kwaye linciphisa umgangatho wobomi. Ukurhawuzelela okuqhubekayo kunokubangela iingxaki zokulala, ukwenzakala kwesikhumba, ukurhoxa kwezentlalo kunye neengxaki zengqondo. Iimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukubomvu okanye imivumbo esikhumbeni zinokunika imikhombandlela ngesizathu esingaphantsi.
Zeziphi Izizathu Ezinokwenzeka Zokurhawuzelela?
Izizathu zokurhawuzelela zibanzi kakhulu. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka izifo zesikhumba, iimpendulo ze-allergies, usulelo lweparasite, usulelo lwefungus, ukungalingani kwehomoni, izifo zesibindi okanye izintso, izifo zethyroid, uxinzelelo kunye nezinto zengqondo. Kwakhona, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile, ukungabikho kwegazi, izifo zesistim (umz. iswekile, izifo zegazi, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza) kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo zinokubangela ukurhawuzelela.
Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kwezifo ZeSikhumba NoKurhawuzelela
Ukurhawuzelela luhlala luyimpawu yezifo zesikhumba. Isikhumba esomileyo, i-eczema (i-dermatitis), i-urticaria (ukudumba kwesikhumba), usulelo lwefungus kunye ne-parasitic infestations (umz. isifo se-scabies) zizizathu eziqhelekileyo zokurhawuzelela okukhulu esikhumbeni.
Ukomala kwesikhumba (Xerosis): Kubonakala ngokugubungela, ukuqhekeka, rhoqo ezandleni, emagxeni nasemilenzeni. Imozulu ebandayo okanye eyomileyo, ukuhlamba rhoqo ngamanzi ashushu kunye nokungaseli amanzi ngokwaneleyo kungabangela ukomala kwesikhumba.
I-Eczema: Sisifo sesikhumba esingapheliyo esihamba nokurhawuzelela, ukubomvu kunye namabala anamanzi ngamanye amaxesha.
Isifo se-Scabies: Sisulelo esibangela ukurhawuzelela okukhulu ebusuku, sibangelwa yi-Sarcoptes scabiei kwaye siyosulela.
I-Urticaria: Sisimo esibonakaliswa kukuvuvukala kunye nokubomvu esikhumbeni, esiqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye sidlula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa sihamba nokurhawuzelela okukhulu.
Ubudlelwane Phakathi Kwezifo Zangaphakathi NoKurhawuzelela
Ukurhawuzelela alubangelwa kuphela ziingxaki zesikhumba; lunokuvela kwizifo zezintso, zesibindi, zethyroid, zegazi nakwezinye izifo zangaphakathi.
Izifo Zezintso: Xa umsebenzi wezintso uphazamisekile (ngakumbi kwi-chronic renal failure) ukurhawuzelela okukhulu esikhumbeni kunokuvela.
Izifo ZeSibindi: I-Jaundice, i-cirrhosis kunye nokuvinjwa kweendlela zesafra zinokubangela ukurhawuzelela kunye nokutyheliwa kwesikhumba kunye namehlo.
Izifo ZeThyroid: Ukusebenza okuphantsi (hypothyroidism) okanye okugqithisileyo (hyperthyroidism) kwe-thyroid kunokubangela ukurhawuzelela. Iimpawu ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, utshintsho lwesisindo kunye nokulahleka kweenwele zinokubonakala kunye ne-thyroid.
Iswekile kunye Nezifo Zegazi: Kubantu abaneswekile kunye nabanezinye izifo zegazi, ukurhawuzelela okukhulu okanye okujoliswe kwindawo enye kunokuvela.
Iimpawu Zokurhawuzelela Neemeko Efunekayo Ukuqwalaselwa
Ubunzima bokurhawuzelela, ixesha elithathayo, ixesha elivelayo (umz. ukurhawuzelela okwanda ebusuku) kunye nezinye iimpawu ezihamba nalo zibalulekile ekuvavanyeni. Ukutyheliwa kwamehlo okanye kwesikhumba, ukubomvu, ukwehla komzimba okungacacanga, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, buthathaka, ukuvuvukala okanye ukubomvu okongezelelweyo kunokubonisa izifo ezingaphantsi.
Ukurhawuzelela Okubangelwa Lulwimi (Neurogenic) Nengqondo (Psychogenic)
Kwezinye iimeko, isizathu sokurhawuzelela sinokunxulumana nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ingakumbi ukurhawuzelela okuvela kwindawo ethile, kuhamba novakalelo lokutsha okanye ukucaphuka, kwaye kuqhelekile ukuba kuqhutywa luxinzelelo okanye inkxalabo, kuqwalaselwa njengokurhawuzelela kwengqondo okanye kwe-neurogenic. Iingxaki zokulala nazo zixhaphakile.
Ukurhawuzelela Kufunyanwa Njani?
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqokelela iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo zezikhalazo kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Xa kuyimfuneko, kuvavanyo olulandelayo lunokucelwa:
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwegazi (ukufumanisa izifo zegazi)
Amanqanaba entsimbi, iivithamini
Uvavanyo lwesibindi, zezintso kunye ne-thyroid
Uvavanyo lwe-allergy (xa kusolakala imeko ye-allergy)
I-X-ray yomphunga (xa kukho ukuvuvukala kwe-node ye-lymph, ukurhawuzelela okungacacanga, njl.)
Ezinye iimvavanyo zovavanyo kunye nezemifanekiso ezifunekayo
Kuyacetyiswa ukuba wonke umntu onezikhalazo zokurhawuzelela aqale acele ingcebiso kugqirha. Ukufumanisa isizathu kunokuthatha ixesha, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba nomonde kwaye ulandele iingcebiso ngononophelo.
Ukurhawuzelela Lulawulwa Kanjani Kwaye Lunyangelwa Njani?
Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kunyango lokurhawuzelela kukuqonda imeko esingaphantsi ebangela ukurhawuzelela. Impumelelo kunyango ixhomekeke ekuchongeni nasekususeni isizathu ngokuchanekileyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zezi:
Ukurhawuzelela Okubangelwa Yi-Allergy: Ukuba isizathu yi-allergy, amayeza e-antihistamine acetyiswa ngugqirha kunye neekhrimu ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ekurhawuzelela kuyo (i-topical agents) zinokusetyenziswa.
Iindlela Zokunyanga Izifo ZeSikhumba: Ukusebenzisa rhoqo iimveliso zokukhusela nokuthambisa isikhumba, ukukhetha isepha kunye neemveliso zokuthambisa ezifanelekileyo, ukunxiba iimpahla zendalo nezingakhululekanga kubalulekile.
Iikhrimu/Merhems zeCorticosteroid okanye Ezinye: Amayeza anokusetyenziswa kwizifo zesikhumba phantsi kwesikhokelo sogqirha; kufuneka kusetyenziswe ngononophelo ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Unyango Lwesistim: Kwezinye iimeko, amayeza e-antidepressant okanye amanye amayeza esistim anokusetyenziswa.
Unyango Lwokukhanya (Phototherapy): Ingakumbi kwizifo zokurhawuzelela ezingapheliyo, unyango lwenziwa phantsi kwesikhokelo sogqirha wesikhumba.
Ukurhawuzelela Okubangelwa Yingqondo: Ulawulo loxinzelelo, inkxaso yengqondo kunye nonyango lwe-psychiatric xa kuyimfuneko kubalulekile.
Amanyathelo Alula Onokuwathatha Ekhaya
Ukuphepha izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelela kunye neengubo ezicaphukisayo,
Ukusebenzisa izithambisi ezithambileyo, ezingenavumba nezingenayo i-allergen,
Ukuphepha ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu kakhulu, ukuthatha ishawa efudumeleyo,
Ukuphepha ukurhawuza isikhumba rhoqo, ukugcina iinzipho zifutshane kwaye xa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iiglavu ebusuku,
Ukugcina umphunga wendawo (ukusebenzisa umatshini wokufutha kunokuba luncedo),
Ukukhetha iimpahla ezikhaphukhaphu nezibandayo,
Ukusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo ezifana nemeditation, yoga, okanye ukufumana ingcebiso,
Ukubeka ingqalelo kwimpilo yokulala.
Iziphumo Zexesha Elide Zokurhawuzelela Neengxaki
Ukurhawuzelela okukhulu okanye okuhlala ixesha elide (ngokuqhelekileyo okungaphezulu kweeveki ezintandathu), kunokubangela ukwehla komgangatho wobomi. Ukurhawuza rhoqo kunokubangela ukwenzakala kwesikhumba, usulelo kunye nokwakheka kwamanxeba (scars). Kwakhona, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye noxinzelelo kunokuchaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ukubaluleka Kwenkxaso Yoingcali
Nangona ukurhawuzelela ngamanye amaxesha kuthathwa njengengxaki encinci, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwezifo ezinzulu. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha ngakumbi xa ukurhawuzelela kuhlala ixesha elide, kusasazeke okanye kuhamba nezinye iimpawu.
Imibuzo Ebuza Ngokuphindaphindiweyo
1. Yintoni enokwenziwa ekhaya ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela emzimbeni?
Ukuze unciphise ukurhawuzelela ekhaya, gcina isikhumba sithambile, ukuphephe ishawa eshushu kakhulu, sebenzisa izithambisi ezingenavumba nezingenazo iikhemikhali, lawula uxinzelelo kwaye ukuphephe ukunxiba iimpahla ezibangela ukurhawuzelela. Ukuba iimpawu azipheli, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
2. Ukurhawuzelela lunokuba luphawu lweziphi izifo?
Ukurhawuzelela lunokuba luphawu lwezifo zesikhumba, iimpendulo ze-allergy, izifo zezintso kunye nesibindi, izifo zethyroid, iswekile, izifo zegazi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
3. Ziziphi izizathu zokurhawuzelela okwanda ebusuku?
Ukurhawuzelela okwanda ebusuku kunokubangelwa sisifo se-scabies, i-eczema, izifo zesibindi okanye zezintso, iimpendulo ze-allergy kunye noxinzelelo. Ingakumbi ukuba ukurhawuzelela ebusuku kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kukhulu, kufuneka uye kugqirha.
4. Ukurhawuzelela okubangelwa yi-allergy kunyangelwa njani?
Kubalulekile ukufumanisa isizathu sokurhawuzelela okubangelwa yi-allergy. Amayeza e-antihistamine kunye neekhrimu ezisetyenziswa esikhumbeni zinokusetyenziswa phantsi kwesikhokelo sogqirha. Xa kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kwenziwe utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
5. Kuxa kufuneka uye kugqirha xa unephika?
Ukuba iphika ihleli ixesha elide (ayipheli kwiiveki ezimbalwa), iyanda ebusuku, kukho nezinye iimpawu ezihamba nayo (umkhuhlane, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, umkhuhlane wombala, izilonda, ukudinwa) okanye ichaphazela kakhulu ubomi bentlalo, kufuneka ujonge ingcali.
6. Ingaba iphika ingaba yingozi kubantwana?
Kwabantwana, iphika idla ngokubangelwa zizifo zolusu, iiallerji okanye iintsholongwane. Ukuba iphika isasazekile, inzima okanye ibangela izilonda eluswini, kufuneka kubuzwe kugqirha wabantwana.
7. Ingaba ukuxova rhoqo ulusu kuyayilimaza?
Ewe, ukuxova rhoqo kunokubangela ulusu lube buhlungu, kubangele izilonda; oku kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo kunye nokushiyeka komkhondo (iscar).
8. Ingaba iphika inxulumene noxinzelelo lwengqondo?
Uxinzelelo lwengqondo ngokwalo lunokubangela okanye lomeleze iphika. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo loxinzelelo luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kunyango lwephika engapheliyo.
9. Ingaba iPruritus iyosulela?
Iphika ngokwayo ayisosuleli; kodwa ezinye izizathu ezifana nescabies (umzekelo, usulelo lweparasite), zizifo ezinokusasazeka kumntu nomntu.
10. Kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni xa iliso liphika?
Iphika yeliso idla ngokubangelwa yi-allergy okanye usulelo. Endaweni yokusebenzisa i-eye drops okanye amayeza ngaphandle kokwazi unobangela, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha wamehlo.
11. Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ukuqonda unobangela wephika?
Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwegazi, iimvavanyo zokusebenza kwesibindi, izintso kunye neethyroid, iimvavanyo ze-allergy kunye nezinye iimeko, iindlela zokubonisa zinganceda ekufumaneni isizathu. Ukuba iphika icacile, ihleli ixesha elide kwaye ayiphenduli, iimvavanyo zinokwandiswa.
12. Amayeza asetshenziswa eluswini okanye emzimbeni wonke asetyenziswa nini kwi-phika?
Iikhrimu, i-ointment okanye amayeza athathwa ngomlomo, akhethwa ngokwengcaciso nogqirha wakho ngokuxhomekeke kubangela kunye nobunzima bephika. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amayeza wedwa.
13. Iphika ye-neurogenic (yemithambo-luvo) iqondwa njani?
Ukuba akukho mpawu zibonakalayo eluswini, iphika isemmandla omnye kwaye ihamba nokutsha okanye ukucaphuka, okanye ivuswa luxinzelelo lwengqondo okanye uvalo, kunokucetyiswa iphika ye-neurogenic. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukubonana nengcali kweli candelo.
14. Xa kukho uphuphuma, izilonda kunye nezinye iimpawu kunye ne-phika, kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni?
Kule meko, indlela esempilweni kukubonisana nengcali yezifo zolusu ukuze kufumaneke unobangela ophantsi kwaye kumiselwe unyango olufanelekileyo.
15. Ukuba iphika ayipheli nangona kusetyenziswa unyango lwasekhaya, kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni?
Ukuba awuziva uphucukile nangona usebenzisa iindlela zasekhaya okanye kukho iimpawu ezintsha, kufuneka ufumane uncedo lwezempilo ngokukhawuleza.
Imithombo
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO), "Iphika (Pruritus) – Iinyani eziphambili kunye neembono zehlabathi"
Iziko laseMelika loLawulo kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC), "Ulusu oluphikayo – Izizathu kunye noLawulo"
i-Academy yaseYurophu yeDermatology kunye neVenereology (EADV), "Imigaqo-nkqubo yoNyango lwePhika"
i-American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), "Pruritus: Jonga Ngaphaya koMphezulu"
Mayo Clinic, "Ulusu oluphikayo: Izizathu, Uvavanyo, kunye noNyango"