Kushaya Kufema (Dispne): Zvikonzero, Zviratidzo uye Nzira dzekugadzirisa

Chii Chinonzi Kushaya Mhepo?

Kushaya mhepo kana kuti muchiuto kunonzi dispne, chichemo umo munhu anonzwa sekuti haasi kushandisa zvizere kugona kwake kufema uye anonyatsoziva mafambiro ekufema kwake. Mafambiro ekufema asinganzwisiswi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva anova pachena kune vanhu vanoshaya mhepo. Kazhinji, mamiriro aya anotsanangurwa sekunzwa sekuti mhepo haikwani, kushuva mhepo kana kunzwa sekusara usina mhepo, uye zvinogona kuitika paunokwira masitepisi, kufamba uchimhanya kana dzimwe nguva uri kuzorora. Dzimwe nguva munhu anogona kunzwa asingagoni kuzorora zvizere kunyangwe achifema zvakakwana. Kushaya mhepo chiratidzo chinofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama sezvo chingakonzerwa nezvikonzero zvemuviri kana zvepfungwa.

Kushaya Mhepo Kunobuda Panguva Dzipi?

Kushaya mhepo chichemo chinogona kukanganisa mabasa ehupenyu uye kuderedza kunaka kweupenyu. Kunyangwe chichigona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana, chinonyanya kuoneka pakunetseka kufema uye kunyatsoziva mafambiro ekufema kupfuura zvakajairika. Kushaya mhepo kunogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvemwoyo kana mapapu, pamwe nezvimwe zvirwere zvemuviri kana zvepfungwa.

Muzvokurapa, kushaya mhepo kunowanzopatsanurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:

1. Zvikonzero zvinobva kumapapu: Zvirwere kana kushaya kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwekufema.

2. Zvikonzero zvisiri zvemapapu: Zvirwere zvemwoyo, kushomeka kweropa, kukanganisika kwemetabolismu uye mamiriro epfungwa.

Kushaya mhepo kunotanga kamwe kamwe kunowanzobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvemwoyo nemapapu. Zvikonzero zvinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoratidza zvirwere zvinoramba zvichiwedzera kana subakuti. Uyezve, kukanganisika kwechimiro munzeve kana munzira dzepamusoro dzekufema kunogonawo kukonzera kunetseka kufema.

Zviratidzo Zvinowanzoonekwa paKushaya Mhepo Ndezvipi?

Kushaya mhepo kunogona kuoneka pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo. Zvinowanzoonekwa ndezvi:

• Kunetseka kufema

• Kunzwa sekuti mhepo haikwani kana kusara usina mhepo

• Kufema kunonzwika sekurira, kusarongeka kana sekurira kwehwamanda

• Kuvharika kana kurwadza muchikamu chechipfuva

• Kumuka usiku uchinzwa usingakwanise kufema

• Kukurumidza kuneta uye kuda kumira kazhinji paunoita mabasa anoda simba semasitepisi

• Kubuda ropa mubvudzi remhino

• Kukosora kamwe kamwe kana nguva dzose

• Kugara uchinzwa kusina simba kana kuneta

• Kutenderera musoro, kurwadza musoro

• Kuzvimba kwemakumbo kana zvigunwe zvemakumbo (edema)

• Kurova kwemwoyo kunokurumidza

• Kusaziva zvakanaka kana kurasikirwa nepfungwa kwechinguvana

• Kuderera kwehuremu

Kana chero chiratidzo chezviri pamusoro chikaonekwa pamwe nekushaya mhepo, zvakakosha kubvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano kuti aongorore kukura kwechinetso ichi.

Ndezvipi Zvinokonzeresa Kushaya Mhepo?

Zvikonzero zviri pasi pekunetseka kufema zvinopatsanurwa kuva zvemapapu uye zvisiri zvemapapu.

Zvikonzero zvinobva kumapapu zvinosanganisira:

• Zvirwere zvinoderedza nzira dzekufema zvakaita seasthma nebronchitis

• Chirwere cheChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

• Pneumonia (zvinyoro zvemapapu)

• Pneumothorax (kudonha kwechikamu kana mapapu ese)

• Pulmonary embolism (kuumbwa kwechikamu cheropa mumapapu)

• Gomarara remapapu

• Kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzine makemikari kana zvakatipoteredza zvinokuvadza

• Kupindura kweallergy

• Kushandisa fodya uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo

• Kuvharika kwenzira dzekufema nezvinhu zvekunze (zvinonyanya kuitika kuvana)

Zvikonzero zvisiri zvemapapu zvinonyanya kusanganisira:

• Zvirwere zvemwoyo (semuenzaniso kushaya simba kwemwoyo kana chirwere chemwoyo)

• Kushomeka kweropa (anemia)

• Kuderera kweBP

• Kushaya kufamba kweropa zvakanaka

• Kuwanda kwehuremu (obesity)

• Zvirwere zvehuropi (Guillain-Barre syndrome, Myasthenia gravis nezvimwewo)

• Zvikonzero zvepfungwa (panic attack, anxiety disorder nezvimwewo)

• Kurasikirwa neropa kana kuderera kwekugona kwemuviri

• Kukwegura

Mamwe matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero izvi pamwe chete. Hazvina mhosva kuti chikonzero chii, kushaya mhepo kunofanira kutorwa zvakakomba uye chikonzero chiri pasi pacho chiongororwe nachiremba.

Ndezvipi Zvinotarisirwa Pakurapa Kushaya Mhepo?

Munhu anouya nechichemo chekushaya mhepo anonyorwa nhoroondo yake yakadzama. Zvinoitwa ongororo yemuviri uye kana zvichidiwa, zvinotevera zvinogona kuitwa:

• X-ray yemapapu

• Miedzo yekufema

• Ongororo yeropa

• CT scan

• Bronchoscopy

• EKG nemiedzo yemwoyo (kana paine kufungidzirwa kwechirwere chemwoyo)

• Kana zvichidiwa, ongororo yepfungwa

Mhedziso yemiedzo iyi inobatsira kutsvaga chikonzero chekushaya mhepo uye kuronga kurapwa kwakakodzera kumunhu.

Ndedzipi Nyanzvi Dzinobata Kushaya Mhepo?

Vanhu vanoshaya mhepo vanogona kutanga vaenda kuna chiremba wemhuri kana nyanzvi yezvirwere zvemukati. Zvichienderana nechikonzero chezvirwere, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvemapapu (pulmonology) inobatsira pakurapa zvirwere zvemapapu, uye nyanzvi yekurapa mwoyo (cardiology) inobatsira pakurapa zvirwere zvemwoyo. Kana zvichidiwa, rubatsiro runogona kupihwa kubva kumapazi akasiyana.

Ndezvipi Zvirwere Zvemapapu Zvinokonzera Kushaya Mhepo?

Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekushaya mhepo zvinobva kumapapu zvinosanganisira asthma, bronchitis uye COPD. Asthma inonyanya kukonzera kudzikira kwenzira dzekufema uye kunzwa kusimba muchipfuva. Kufema kunonzwika sekurira kana hwamanda kunowanzoitika. Kutonhora, furuwenza, allergies, kurovedza muviri kwakanyanya kana mhepo yakasviba zvinogonawo kukonzera kusimba kwenzira dzekufema. Uyezve, kufemera magasi ane chepfu, kushandisa makemikari ekuchenesa kana kusanganisa makemikari akasiyana kunogona kukonzera kushaya mhepo.

Pneumothorax (kudonha kwemapapu) kunoratidzwa nekurwadza uye kunetseka kufema kamwe kamwe, uye kuumbwa kwechikamu cheropa mumapapu (pulmonary embolism) kunoratidzwa nekurwadza kukuru muchipfuva, kubuda ropa mubvudzi remhino, kupera simba uye kushaya mhepo kwakanyanya.

Zvirwere ZvemuMwoyo Zvinokonzera Kushaya Mhepo

Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvinokoshawo pakukonzera kushaya mhepo. Pakutanga kwechirwere chemwoyo uye pakushaya simba kwemwoyo, kushaya mhepo kunowanzobuda. Uyezve, kurova kwemwoyo kunokurumidza, BP yakakwira, uye kukanganisika kwemavharuvhu emwoyo kunogonawo kukonzera kunzwa sekuti hauna mhepo yakakwana. Kuputika kwemvura mumapapu kunokonzerwa nemwoyo kunoda kurapwa nekukurumidza uye kunoratidzwa nekushaya mhepo kwakanyanya uye kuzvimba.

Chii Chingabatsira paKushaya Mhepo?

Nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekuderedza kushaya mhepo kutanga watsvaga chikonzero uye wotanga kurapwa kwakakodzera kwekurapa. Kurapwa kunofanira kurongwa pasi pekutarisirwa kwenyanzvi. Uyezve, zvinotevera zvinogona kubatsira kudzora chichemo ichi:

• Kurega zvachose kushandisa fodya nezvigadzirwa zvayo

• Kudzivirira mhepo yakasviba uye kufemera makemikari ane ngozi

• Kuchenesa nzvimbo dzekugara nemhepo yakachena

• Kuwedzera kurovedza muviri kuti usimbise mhasuru dzekufema, asi kutanga chirongwa chekusimbisa muviri pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba

• Kutarisa huremu hwemuviri

• Kudzivirira zvinhu zvinokonzeresa allergy

• Kuita ongororo dzeutano nguva nenguva

Kuwedzera, kudzora kushushikana, kushandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekufema uye kurara zvakanaka zvinobatsira hutano hwekufema.

Nzira Dzinobatsira Kuderedza Kushaya Mhepo

Kune vanhu vane zvirwere zviripo zvekufema, allergies kana mamwe matambudziko anoramba aripo, kutevedzera kurapwa uye kushandisa mishonga zvakakodzera kwakakosha. Kurega kusvuta, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose uye kutarisa huremu zvinobatsira kuderedza kushaya mhepo. Kudzidza maekisesaizi ekufema uye nzira dzekuzorora kunobatsira kufema zviri nyore muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kana mamiriro ako akashata kamwe kamwe, kana ukashaya mhepo kana kurwadziwa muchipfuva kana uri kuzorora, unofanira kukurumidza kuenda kunzvimbo yezvehutano.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

1. Nei munhu achishaya mhepo?

Kushaya mhepo kunogona kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvemapapu kana mwoyo, kushomeka kweropa, kuwanda kwehuremu, kukanganisika kwehuropi, zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza uye zvikonzero zvepfungwa.

2. Kushaya mhepo ndinofanira kuenda kuna chiremba upi?

Amai vemhuri, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvemukati, nyanzvi yezvirwere zvemuchipfuva (pulmonoloji) kana nyanzvi yekadhirology vanogona kuita ongororo panyaya iyi. Zvinotungamirirwa nezvichemo zvako uye chikonzero chiri pasi pazvo.

3. Kana kushaya mweya kwatanga kamwe kamwe, ndinofanira kuita sei?

Kutanga kamwe kamwe uye kushaya mweya kwakanyanya, kurwadziwa muchipfuva kana kuzvimba, kana zviratidzo zvakaita sekudonha pfungwa, rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi runofanira kutsvakwa.

4. Ndiri kushaya mweya asi handina chirwere, izvi zvinogona kuva zvepfungwa here?

Hongu, kushushikana kwepfungwa, kushushikana kwepfungwa kwakanyanya uye panic attack zvinogona kukonzera kushaya mweya. Asi kutanga, zvimwe zvikonzero zvekurapa zvinofanira kubviswa.

5. Ndingaita sei kuti ndideredze kushaya mweya pamba?

Kusiya fodya nezvimwe zvinokuvadza, kuvhurira imba mhepo, kudzivirira kushushikana uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa allergy, uye kuita maekisesaizi ekufema anogona kudzidziswa nachiremba zvinogona kubatsira.

6. Kana kushaya mweya kuchiitika paunenge uchirara, ndinofanira kuita sei?

Kana uchishaya mweya usiku, kunyanya kana paine sleep apnea, zvirwere zvemoyo kana mapapu, unofanirwa kuongororwa; ita shuwa kuti waenda kuna chiremba wako.

7. Kushaya mweya kunodzorwa sei muAsthma neKOAH?

Kurapwa nemishonga yakakodzera, kusiya fodya uye kuongororwa nachiremba nguva nenguva zvinogona kudzivirira kurwiswa. Maekisesaizi ekufema akagadzirirwa munhu anogonawo kubatsira.

8. Chii chinokonzera kushaya mweya kuvana?

Zvikonzero zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira hutachiona hwepamusoro hwefema, asthma, allergy uye kupinda kwezvinhu zvekunze mumapapu. Kushaya mweya kamwe kamwe kunoda rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi.

9. Kushaya mweya kunowanzoonekwa kune ani?

Kuvakuru, vanoputa fodya, vane zvirwere zvisingaperi uye vari pasi pekushushikana kukuru vanogona kusangana nazvo kazhinji.

10. Kushaya mweya kungave kwakabatana nehuremu here?

Hongu, kune vanhu vane huremu hwakawandisa, kugona kwemapapu kunogona kuderera uye mhasuru dzekufema dzinogona kunetseka; izvi zvinogona kuva chikonzero chekushaya mweya.

11. Ndeapi maongororo anoitwa pakushaya mweya?

Mushure mekuongorora nhoroondo yemurwere uye kuongororwa kwemuviri, mapikicha emapapu, bvunzo dzveropa, bvunzo dzekufema, EKG uye kana zvichidikanwa, nzira dzepamusoro dzekuona zvinogona kukumbirwa.

12. Kushaya mweya kungapera kwechinguvana here?

Hongu, kana kwakakonzerwa nehutachiona kana chimwe chinhu chepanguva pfupi, kunogona kupora zvachose. Asi kana zvichemo zvichienderera kana kuwedzera, zvinodikanwa kuenda kuna chiremba.

Zvinyorwa

• Sangano reHutano Pasi Pose (WHO) — Chinyorwa cheChirwere cheMapapu Chisingaperi

• Sangano reMapapu reAmerica — Chii chinonzi Kushaya Mweya?

• Sangano reMoyo reAmerica — Kushaya Mweya

• Chest Journal — Kuongorora Kushaya Mweya muZvirongwa zvekurapa

• European Respiratory Society — Mirayiridzo yekuongorora kushaya mweya