Chirwere cheDhayabheti (Chirwere cheShuga): Zviratidzo, Zvikonzero uye Maitiro Ekutonga

Chii chinonzi Chirwere cheshuga?

Chirwere cheshuga, chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye chinounza matambudziko akawanda ehutano. Chirwere ichi chiri kuwedzera nekukurumidza munyika yose uye chinotariswa sechinetso chikuru cheutano hweveruzhinji. Zita rakazara rechirwere ichi, "Diabetes Mellitus", rinoreva "urine ine shuga" muchiGiriki; kudanwa uku kunobva pakuwanikwa kweshuga muurine yevanhu vane chirwere ichi, izvo zvisingawanikwe muvanhu vane hutano. Muvarume nevakadzi vane hutano, shuga yeropa panguva yekusadyira inowanzova pakati pe70-100 mg/dL, asi kana kukwira uku kuchiramba kuchiitika, zvinoratidza chirwere cheshuga.

Maitiro Ekukura kweChirwere cheshuga

Chirwere cheshuga chinokonzerwa nekutadza kwemiviri kugadzira hormone inonzi insulin yakakwana kana kuti insulin iripo isingashande nemazvo. Insulin ihormone inokosha inoburitswa nepancreas uye inobatsira kutakura shuga yeropa ichienda kumatishu. Pane mhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere cheshuga; inonyanya kuwanikwa ndeye Type 2. Type 2 inowanzotanga muvanhu vakura, kunyanya mushure memakore makumi mana. Kunyangwe pancreas ichigadzira insulin, masero anoramba insulin uye muviri unotadza kugadzirisa shuga nemazvo. Pakupedzisira, shuga yeropa inokwira uye zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana ehutano.

Zviratidzo zveChirwere cheshuga ndezvipi?

Chirwere cheshuga chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye vanhu vakawanda havachioni pakutanga. Asi kana shuga yeropa ikakwira, zviratidzo zvinotanga kuoneka:

• Kuda kuita weti kazhinji

• Kuda kudya zvakanyanya asi usingagute

• Kuda kunwa mvura zvakanyanya uye muromo wakaoma

• Kurasikirwa nehuremu pakarepo

• Kunzwa kuneta uye kusava nesimba

• Kupenya kweziso kunoderera

• Kuzvimba kana kunzwa kudzikira kana kutsva kutsva mumaoko kana tsoka

• Maronda anotora nguva kupora

• Ganda rakaoma uye rinorwadza

• Muromo unonhuwa kunge acetone

Hazvisi zviratidzo zvese zvinoonekwa kune munhu wese. Kana zviratidzo zvikawanikwa, zvakakosha kunoenda kun'anga kuti vaongorore shuga yeropa.

Zvikonzero Zvikuru zveChirwere cheshuga

Kubuda kwechirwere cheshuga kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvemhuri pamwe nezvakatipoteredza. Mhando mbiri dzinonyanya kuwanikwa; Type 1 neType 2. Type 1 inotanga kazhinji muvana kana vechidiki uye pancreas inorasikirwa nekwaniso yekugadzira insulin. Pano, nhaka yemhuri, zvirwere zveimmune system uye hutachiona hunogona kukuvadza pancreas.

Type 2 inonyanya kuwanikwa kuvanhu vakuru, uye inokonzerwa nezvinotevera:

• Kuwanda kwemafuta kana uremu hwakawandisa

• Kuve nemumhuri vane chirwere cheshuga

• Kusaita maekisesaizi uye hupenyu husina kufamba

• Kukwegura

• Kugara uchinetseka

• Kubata chirwere cheshuga panguva yekuzvitakura kana kubereka mwana ane uremu hwakakwira

Mhando dzeChirwere cheshuga ndedzipi?

Chirwere cheshuga chinopatsanurwa nemhando dzakasiyana:

• Type 1: Inotanga kazhinji muvana uye muviri unenge usingagadziri insulin. Kurapa kunoda majekiseni e-insulin.

• Type 2: Inowanzowanikwa kuvanhu vakuru. Masero anenge asingachapinduri ku-insulin.

• Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): Inotanga muvanhu vakuru, inokonzerwa neimmune system uye inowanzoda insulin mukurapa.

• Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): Inotanga muvechidiki, uye inopfuudzwa nemhuri.

• Gestational Diabetes: Inongoitika panguva yekuzvitakura uye dzimwe nguva inotungamira kuchirwere cheshuga chenguva refu.

Kuwedzera pane izvi, nguva yePrediabetes (gizli şeker) inokoshawo. Panguva iyi, shuga yeropa inenge yakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa asi isati yasvika pakuti munhu atariswe seane chirwere cheshuga. Prediabetes inogona kudzorwa nekuchinja kudya uye mararamiro isati yashanduka kuita chirwere cheshuga.

Chirwere cheshuga chinoonekwa sei?

Maitiro anowanzo shandiswa kuona chirwere cheshuga ndeaya:

• Shuga yeropa panguva yekusadyira iri 126 mg/dL kana kupfuura inoratidza chirwere cheshuga.

• MuOral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), shuga yeropa mushure memaawa maviri iri pamusoro pe200 mg/dL inoratidza chirwere cheshuga; pakati pe140-199 mg/dL inoratidza prediabetes.

• HbA1c test inoratidza avhareji yeshuga yeropa mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura uye kukwira kupfuura 6.5% kunotsigira kuwanikwa kwechirwere cheshuga.

Kuti mibairo yeongororo ive nechokwadi, zvakakosha kutevera zano rechiremba.

Kukosha kweKudya Pakutonga Chirwere cheshuga

Kutonga chirwere cheshuga zvinobudirira kunoda kudya kwakaringana. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete nachiremba uye nyanzvi yekudya kuti vagadzirire chirongwa chakakodzera. Zvinhu zvakakosha ndezvi:

• Kudya zviyo zvizere, miriwo mitsva nemichero zvinofanira kutanga

• Kusarudza chikafu chine mafuta uye makorori mashoma asi chine utano hwakanaka

• Kudzora chikamu chekudya uye kutevedzera nguva dzekudya

• Kudzivirira shuga yakachena uye chikafu chakagadzirwa zvakanyanya

Kudya kwakarongeka kunobatsira kudzora shuga yeropa, kurema kwemiviri uye kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvemwoyo. Kuderedza uremu muType 2 kunobatsira kudzora shuga uye kuderedza kudiwa kwemishonga. Kana zvichidiwa, nzira dzokurapa dzakaita semabhaluni emudumbu kana kuvhiyiwa zvinogona kushandiswa; asi chisarudzo chinofanira kuitwa nachiremba.

Chikafu chine Utano chinokodzera Vanhu vane Chirwere cheshuga

• Hove dzine mafuta: Salmon, sardine, herring, mackerel uye trout dzine omega-3 yakawanda uye dzinobatsira hutano hwemwoyo, dzinogona kudyiwa kaviri pasvondo.

• Miriwo yakasvibira: Spinach, kale, lettuce uye broccoli zvine mavhitaminzi nemaminerari uye hazvikanganisi shuga yeropa.

• Avocado: Iine mafuta ane utano uye fiber yakawanda, inofanira kudyiwa zvine mwero.

• Egg: Inowedzera kunzwa kuguta uye ine mapuroteni akawanda.

• Nyemba nembeu dzine protein: Zvinobatsira kudzora shuga yeropa nekuda kwefiber uye protein.

• Yogurt: Iine protein uye probiotics, inobatsira hutano hweura uye inogona kubatsira kudzora shuga.

• Nzungu: Walnuts uye hazelnuts dzine mafuta ane utano uye dzinoderedza njodzi yezvirwere zvemwoyo.

• Broccoli: Iine makorori mashoma, fiber yakawanda uye maminerari.

• Olive oil: Iine mafuta ane utano uye inodzivirira mwoyo.

• Flaxseed: Iine omega-3 uye fiber, inobatsira kuderedza cholesterol uye kudzora shuga yeropa.

Chii chinonzi Prediabetes uye Inoonekwa Sei?

Prediabetes, kureva kuti shuga yeropa yakakwira kupfuura zvakajairwa asi isati yasvika pakuti munhu atariswe seane chirwere cheshuga. Iyi inguva ine njodzi huru yekushanduka kuita Type 2. Kazhinji haina zviratidzo zvakajeka, asi kuda kudya zvine shuga, kuneta pakarepo uye kuda kurara mushure mekudya zvinogona kuoneka. Inoonekwa nemiedzo yeshuga yeropa. Panguva iyi, kuchinja mararamiro kunogona kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwechirwere.

Nzira dzekurapa Chirwere cheshuga

Maitiro ekurapa chirwere cheshuga anotsamira pamhando yechirwere. Type 1 inoda insulin kweupenyu hwese. Pamusoro peizvi, kudya kwakarongeka kunoitwa pamwe chete nenyanzvi yekudya uye kune vamwe, kuverenga makabhohaidhiretsi kunobatsira kugadzirisa muyero weinsulin.

MuType 2, kuchinja mararamiro, kudya uye maekisesaizi zvinokurudzirwa pakutanga. Kana zvichidiwa, mishonga inowedzera kugamuchirwa kweinsulin kana kubatsira pancreas kuburitsa insulin inogona kushandiswa. Vamwe vanoda insulin zvakare.

Kutariswa kwechiremba nguva dzose kwakakosha nekuti kana shuga yeropa ikaramba yakakwira kwenguva refu, inogona kukuvadza tsinga, itsvo uye maziso.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

1. Ndingaderedza sei njodzi yechirwere cheshuga?

Kudya kwakaringana uye kwakarongeka, kudzora uremu, kuita muviri nguva dzose, kudzivirira kusvuta uye kushandisa doro zvakawandisa zvinobatsira kuderedza ngozi.

2. Zvinogoneka here kudzivirira kushanduka kweprediyabeti kuita diyabheti?

Hongu, kuderedza uremu, kudya kunovaka muviri uye kuita maekisesaizi zvinogona kudzivirira kana kunonotsa kushanduka kweprediyabeti kuita diyabheti.

3. Ndeapi mayedzo anoshandiswa pakuziva diyabheti?

Kuyedzwa kweropa usina kudya, oral glukoz toleransi test (OGTT), HbA1c nemamwe mayedzo ekurabhoritari anoshandiswa pakuziva chirwere.

4. Pane kurapwa kunogadzirisa diyabheti zvachose here?

Diyabheti chirwere chinoramba chiripo. Hazvigoneke kuchibvisa zvachose asi kurapwa kunoshanda kunogona kudzora shuga yeropa uye kudzivirira matambudziko.

5. Ndezvipi misiyano mikuru pakati peTip 1 neTip 2 diyabheti?

Tip 1 diyabheti inotanga kazhinji uchiri mudiki uye muviri haugoveri insulini zvachose. Tip 2 diyabheti inowanzoonekwa vanhu vakura uye masero anenge asingateereri insulini.

6. Nzira dzisiri dzekushandisa mishonga dzinobatsira pakurapa diyabheti here?

Kudya kwakarongeka, maekisesaizi uye kuchinja mararamiro zvinonyanya kubatsira muTip 2 diyabheti pakutanga, mune mamwe mamiriro mishonga inodiwa zvakare.

7. Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanogona kuwana diyabheti here?

Hongu, kune gestational diyabheti inowanikwa panguva yepamuviri uye inoda kutarisirwa nekuporeswa kuti hutano hwamai nemwana huve hwakanaka.

8. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekutanga zvematambudziko ediyabheti?

Kuvhunduka netsoka, kurasikirwa nekuona, kushanda zvisina kunaka kwemitsipa yemwoyo uye dambudziko remwoyo zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko.

9. Ndezvipi zvekudya zvinofanira kuderedzwa nevanhu vane diyabheti?

Shuga yakachena, chikafu chakagadzirwa neupfu chena, zvekudya zvakakangwa uye zvine mafuta akawandisa, zvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye munyu zvinofanira kuderedzwa.

10. Maekisesaizi anoita basa rei mukurapa diyabheti?

Kuita maekisesaizi nguva dzose kunowedzera kugamuchira insulini, kunoderedza shuga yeropa uye kunobatsira kudzora uremu.

11. Tingawedzera sei hutano hwevanhu vane diyabheti?

Kutevedzera kurapwa nguva dzose, kudya kunovaka muviri, kudzora kushushikana uye kuita maekisesaizi kwakakodzera zvinowedzera hutano hwakanaka.

12. Diyabheti inoda kuongororwa nachiremba kangani?

Zvinoenderana nemamiriro emunhu, asi kazhinji kuongororwa kunokurudzirwa mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu. Kana ngozi yemakakatanwa yakakwira, kuongororwa kunofanira kuitwa kazhinji.

Zvinyorwa

• Sangano reUtano Pasi Pose (World Health Organization - WHO), Diabetes Mellitus Guidelines

• Sangano reDiyabheti Pasi Pose (International Diabetes Federation - IDF), Diabetes Atlas

• Sangano reDiyabheti reAmerica (American Diabetes Association - ADA), Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Diabetes Publications

• New England Journal of Medicine, Diabetes-Related Research

• European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Guidelines