Lezyone Hiperintens ni iki? Impamvu z’ukubaho kwazo, Ibimenyetso n’Inzira z’Ubuvuzi
Lezyone za hiperintens, cyane cyane mu bwonko no mu muyoboro wa mudasobwa (omurilik), zigaragara mu buryo bwa manyetiki (MRG) akenshi mu mafoto ya T2 cyangwa FLAIR, aho zigaragara zisa n’izirabagirana, ari byo "hiperintens". Aho hantu harabagirana hashobora kugaragara mu gice cy’umweru cyangwa icy’umukara cy’ubwonko kandi hashobora kugaragaza indwara zitandukanye z’ubuzima zishobora kuba zihari.
Ni izihe mpamvu z’ingenzi zitera lezyone za hiperintens?
Lezyone za hiperintens ziboneka mu bwonko cyangwa mu muyoboro wa mudasobwa zishobora guterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye. Muri zo, izikunze kuboneka cyane ni izi zikurikira:
Indwara z’imiyoboro y’amaraso z’igihe kirekire (indwara za vascular)
Indwara zisenya uruhu rw’uturemangingo tw’imyakura (nko kuri Multiple Sclerosis)
Imvune z’ubwonko ziturutse ku mpanuka
Indwara ziterwa n’ubwandu
Umubare, ingano n’aho lezyone zagaragaye muri ibi bice, bigira uruhare runini ku gukomera no ku mikurire y’indwara. Imiterere ya lezyone; urugero, kuba ari nyinshi, kuba zifata ahantu hanini cyangwa gukwira mu duce tumwe twihariye tw’ubwonko, rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutuma indwara irushaho gukomera.
Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bwa lezyone za hiperintens?
Lezyone za hiperintens zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’aho ziri:
Lezyone za periventrikulaire: Ziboneka hafi y’uduce tw’ubwonko twitwa ventrikuli, kandi akenshi zifitanye isano n’indwara zisenya uruhu rw’imyakura.
Lezyone za subkortikale za hiperintens: Zigaragara mu gice cy’umweru kiri munsi ya korteksi; akenshi ziterwa n’indwara z’imiyoboro mito y’amaraso n’ibibazo by’imigendekere y’amaraso.
Lezyone za juxtakortikale za hiperintens: Ziboneka hafi ya korteksi y’ubwonko kandi cyane cyane ziboneka mu ndwara nka Multiple Sclerosis.
Lezyone za infratentoryal za hiperintens: Ziri mu gice cyo hasi cy’ubwonko no mu bwonko buto (cerebellum), zishobora kujyana n’indwara zisenya imyakura.
Lezyone za difuze za hiperintens: Zikwira mu gice cy’umweru cy’ubwonko, akenshi ziterwa n’imyaka myinshi cyangwa indwara z’imiyoboro y’amaraso z’igihe kirekire.
Lezyone za fokale za hiperintens: Zigaragara ahantu hato kandi hagenwe; akenshi zifitanye isano n’imvune, ubwandu cyangwa ibibazo bya kanseri.
Lezyone za hiperintens za medulla spinalis: Izi ziboneka mu muyoboro wa mudasobwa, akenshi ziterwa n’imvune, ibibazo by’uburwayi bw’inkorora cyangwa kanseri.
Lezyone za hiperintens zishobora guteza ibihe bimenyetso?
Lezyone za hiperintens zishobora kutagaragaza ikimenyetso runaka, ariko bitewe n’impamvu yazo n’uburyo zakwirakwijwe, zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye by’uburwayi bw’imyakura. Ibimenyetso bishoboka harimo:
Umutwe
Ibibazo byo kubura uburinganire
Kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza
Kurwara igicuri
Kugabanuka k’imbaraga z’imitsi
Ariko kandi, lezyone nyinshi za hiperintens ziboneka mu bantu bakuze ntizishobora gutanga ibimenyetso igihe kirekire, ahubwo zishobora gutahurwa mu buryo butunguranye. Ariko uko umubare wa lezyone wiyongera n’aho zikwiriye hakaguka, niko ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye by’ubwonko byiyongera.
Lezyone za Hiperintens zifite imiterere myiza: Bisobanura iki, zishobora guteza ibihe bibazo?
Lezyone za hiperintens zifite imiterere myiza, akenshi ziterwa n’izamuka ry’imyaka, umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru, diyabete, migraine, n’indwara z’imiyoboro y’amaraso, kandi zigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kuri MRG. Kenshi, izi lezyone ntizitera ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima ku muntu. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, zimwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ibibazo byoroheje byo gutekereza, umutwe cyangwa ibimenyetso by’igihe gito by’ubwonko.
Izi lezyone akenshi zigira imigendekere idahinduka, ntizikura kandi ntiziteza ibyago bikomeye by’ubuzima. Ariko, iyo zingana cyane cyangwa ari nyinshi cyane, bishobora gusaba ko hakorwa ubushakashatsi ku zindi ndwara zishobora kuba zihari mu bwonko.
Lezyone za Hiperintens zifite imiterere mibi: Igihe bisaba kwitonderwa
Lezyone za hiperintens zifite imiterere mibi, ni ukuvuga malign, zishobora kuba ari ibibyimba byihuta gukura mu bwonko cyangwa mu muyoboro wa mudasobwa, bikaba byakwira mu tundi turemangingo dusanzwe kandi bigafite imiterere ya kanseri. Kuri MRG, akenshi zigaragara zifite ibimenyetso by’uruhurirane nko kubyimba, gupfa kw’uturemangingo cyangwa kuva kw’amaraso. Izi lezyone, bitewe n’aho ziri n’ingano yazo, zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso bikurikira:
Umutwe ukabije
Kurwara igicuri
Kugabanuka k’ubushobozi bw’imyakura
Ibibazo byo gutekereza
Impinduka ku mico y’umuntu
Lezyone zifite imiterere mibi, zibarwa mu bibazo bikomeye by’ubuvuzi bisaba kwitabwaho vuba kandi bisaba uburyo bwagutse bwo kuvura.
Lezyone za Hiperintens zisuzumwa gute?
Isuzuma ry’izi lezyone rikorwa ahanini binyuze mu kureba ahagaragara harabagirana kuri MRG mu mafoto ya T2 na FLAIR. Mu gusuzuma, si ugufata ifoto gusa bihagije; aho lezyone iherereye, ingano yayo, umubare wayo n’ibimenyetso by’ubuvuzi byose bigomba gusuzumwa hamwe. Mu gihe bikenewe, hashobora gukoreshwa MRG ifite imiti yongera kugaragara cyangwa izindi tekiniki zo gufata amafoto kugira ngo hatandukanywe n’izindi ndwara. Nanone, ibiganiro n’isuzuma ry’ubwonko bifasha mu gushyiraho igisubizo ntakuka.
Uko lezyone za Hiperintens zivurwa: Ni izihe nzira zo kuvura?
Intego nyamukuru mu kuvura lezyone za hiperintens ni ugucunga indwara yaba iri inyuma yazo. Uko kuvura gupangwa gutya:
Ku lezyone zifite inkomoko ku miyoboro y’amaraso, kugenzura ibyago nko umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru na diyabete ni ingenzi. Akenshi hakoreshwa imiti igabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso, igabanya amaraso gufatana n’imiti igabanya cholesterol.
Mu gihe ari indwara zisenya uruhu rw’imyakura (nko kuri MS), bitewe n’ibikenewe by’umurwayi, hashobora gukoreshwa imiti ya corticosteroide, imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara cyangwa igenga ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri (immunomodulateurs).
Uburyo bwo kuvura ibimenyetso n’imyitozo ngororamubiri bikorwa hagamijwe kongera ubuzima bwiza bw’umurwayi.
Kuvura gupangwa byihariye kuri buri muntu kandi bisaba isuzuma ry’inzobere. Mu gihe cyo kuvura, hakorwa igenzura rya MRG kenshi kugira ngo hakurikiranwe uko lezyone zihagaze.
Ni ryari hakenerwa kubagwa lezyone za Hiperintens?
Lezyone zimwe, cyane cyane izikura vuba cyangwa izikora ibibyimba binini, zishobora gusaba kubagwa. Icyo kubagwa gishingira ku ho lezyone iherereye, ingano yayo, uko umurwayi ameze muri rusange n’uko uburwayi bw’imyakura buhagaze, byose bigasuzumwa neza.
Intego mu kubagwa ni ugukuraho lezyone yose cyangwa igice cyayo, kandi hagamijwe kutangiza utundi turemangingo turi hafi aho uko bishoboka. Nyuma yo kubagwa, hakenewe gukurikiranwa hafi no gutanga ubundi buvuzi nibiba ngombwa. Izi operation zisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, kandi ibyago n’inyungu zishobora kuboneka bigomba gusobanurirwa umurwayi n’abamwitaho mu buryo burambuye.
Uko umurwayi akurikiranwa nyuma yo kuvurwa
Uko kuvurwa lezyone za hiperintens kugenda neza biterwa n’uko umurwayi ameze muri rusange, ubwoko bwa lezyone n’uko igaragaza igisubizo ku buvuzi. Gukurikirana bikorwa hasuzumwa ibimenyetso n’amafoto ya MRG mu bihe bigenwe.
Kuruhuka bihagije, imyitozo ngororamubiri, ergotherapie n’ubufasha bw’ihungabana igihe bikenewe, byose bifasha cyane. Mu gihe kirekire, kugenzura neza ibyago nko umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru na diyabete, bifite akamaro kanini mu gukumira ko habaho lezyone nshya no kubuza izisanzwe gukura.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
1. Lezyone ya hiperintens ni iki?
Lezyone ya hiperintens ni agace kagaragara karabagirana cyane cyane kuri MRG mu mafoto ya T2 cyangwa FLAIR, kagaragaza impinduka mu bwonko cyangwa mu muyoboro wa mudasobwa bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye.
2. Ese izi lezyone zigaragaza buri gihe indwara ikomeye?
Oya, lezyone nyinshi za hiperintens cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze, akenshi ziba zifite imiterere myiza kandi ntizigaragaze ibimenyetso. Ariko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, zishobora no kugaragaza indwara zikomeye, bityo isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi rikaba ari ingenzi.
3. Ese isuzuma rikorwa gusa na MRG?
MRG ni uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubona lezyone za hiperintens. Ariko kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu, akenshi hakenerwa andi masuzuma (ibiganiro, isuzuma, n’indi mibare nibiba ngombwa).
4. Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara?
Ibimenyetso biterwa n’ubwoko n’aho lezyone iherereye. Umutwe, ibibazo byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye byo gutekereza, kubura uburinganire, kugabanuka k’imbaraga z’imitsi, igicuri n’ibindi bishobora kuboneka.
5. Ese uko umubare wa lezyone wiyongera indwara irushaho gukomera?
Mu bihe bimwe, lezyone nyinshi kandi zifata ahantu hanini, bishobora gutuma indwara irushaho gukomera. Buri gihe, buri murwayi agomba gusuzumwa ku giti cye.
6. Ese buri lezyone ya hiperintens isaba kuvurwa?
Oya, ahanini ibibyimba byiza kandi biboneka mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gukurikiranwa. Ariko niba hari ikibazo gikomeye kiri inyuma, hategurwa uburyo bwo kuvura.
7. Ese kubagwa bikorwa kenshi?
Kubagwa, akenshi bikorwa ku ndwara mbi cyangwa ku bwoko bumwe bw'ibibyimba. Ibibyimba byiza kandi bidatanga ibimenyetso ntibisaba kubagwa kenshi.
8. Uburyo bwo gukira nyuma yo kuvurwa bumeze bute?
Uburyo bwo gukira bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu. Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri no guhindura imikorere y'ubuzima bigira uruhare mu gukira neza.
9. Ni ibihe byongera ibyago?
Kugira imyaka myinshi, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru, diyabete, indwara z'imitsi n'imyororokere hamwe n'ubwoko bumwe bw'irage ni bimwe mu byongera ibyago.
10. Ese ibibyimba bya hiperintens bishobora kwirindwa?
Birashoboka ko bitashobora kwirindwa burundu; ariko kugenzura ibyongera ibyago (umuvuduko w'amaraso, isukari, cholesterol, imikorere myiza y'ubuzima) bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibindi bibyimba bishya.
11. Nigute wamenya niba ibibyimba biteje akaga?
Isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso, ubwoko bw'ibimenyetso, uko bigaragara mu isuzuma n'amateka y'indwara byose bifatirwa hamwe kugira ngo hamenyekane ibyago. Mu gihe hari gushidikanya, ni ngombwa kugisha inama umuganga w'inzobere.
Inkomoko
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Indwara z’ubwonko – Imbogamizi mu Buzima rusange
American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Guidelines: Ibisobanuro bya MRI mu ndwara z’umweru w’ubwonko
European Stroke Organisation (ESO): Amabwiriza ku ndwara z’imitsi mito y’ubwonko
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS): Ubwoko bw’ibibyimba n’akamaro kabyo mu buvuzi
Adams na Victor’s Principles of Neurology, Igitabo cya 11
Radiology Society of North America (RSNA): Ibiranga ibibyimba by’ubwonko mu isuzuma