Kuvuduka k'umutima ni iki? Ibimenyetso byabyo, impamvu zabyo ni izihe? Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho bukorwa gute?
Ibimenyetso bya Krizike y'umutima, Impamvu zayo ni izihe? Ni izihe nzira zigezweho zo kuvura?
Krizike y'umutima ni ikibazo kibaho igihe imitsi y'umutima ibuze umwuka wa ogisijeni n'intungamubiri ku rugero rukomeye, bityo bikaba bisaba kwitabwaho byihuse. Mu ndimi z’ubuvuzi, bita iki kibazo 'miyokaride infarktusi', kandi akenshi giterwa no gufungwa kw’amaraso atunga umutima (koroneri) bitunguranye. Iyi myanya irafungwa n’udusimba tw’amavuta, kolesteroli n’ibindi bintu byibika ku nkuta z’imitsi, iyo byacitse cyangwa habayeho igipfunsi cy’amaraso gifunga imitsi byuzuye cyangwa igice. Gufatwa hakiri kare no kuvurwa bituma igihombo ku mutima kigabanuka cyane.
Ibisobanuro bya Krizike y’Umutima n’Impamvu Z’ingenzi
Krizike y’umutima ni igihe umutima ubura umwuka wa ogisijeni ukeneye, bigatuma uturemangingo twawo twangirika. Ibi biterwa ahanini no kugabanuka cyangwa gufungwa kw’imitsi itwara amaraso ku mutima. Udufatika twibitse ku nkuta z’imitsi dushobora kugabanya umuyoboro, kandi iyo twacitse, igipfunsi cy’amaraso cyiyongera kikabuza amaraso kugera ku mutima. Iyo gufungwa kutafunguwe vuba, umutima wangirika burundu, ubushobozi bwo gutera bugahungabana, bikavamo kunanirwa k’umutima. Krizike y’umutima ikomeje kuba imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye z’urupfu ku isi hose. Mu bihugu byinshi, iyi ndwara itwara ubuzima bw’abantu benshi kurusha impanuka zo mu muhanda.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara kuri Krizike y’Umutima?
Ibimenyetso bya krizike y’umutima biratandukanye bitewe n’umuntu, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibigaragara neza. Ibikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:
Ububabare cyangwa kutisanzura mu gatuza: Kumva umutima uremereye, ufunze, ushushye cyangwa uremereye hagati mu gatuza; rimwe na rimwe bikagera ku kuboko kw’ibumoso, ijosi, akanwa, umugongo cyangwa mu nda.
Kubura umwuka: Bishobora kuza bifatanye n’ububabare bw’ igituza cyangwa bigatandukana.
Kubira ibyuya: By’umwihariko kubira ibyuya bikonje kandi byinshi ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe.
Kunanirwa no kunanirwa cyane: Hari igihe umuntu yumva ananiwe cyane mu minsi ibanziriza krizike, cyane cyane ku bagore.
Kuzungera cyangwa kumva umutwe uremereye
Kugira isesemi, kuruka cyangwa kutamererwa neza mu gifu
Kumva umutima utera cyane uturutse ku mpamvu itazwi kandi ntibihagarare
Kumva umutima utera vuba cyangwa utera nabi
Ububabare mu mugongo, ku rutugu cyangwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy’inda, cyane cyane ku bagore.
Inkari cyangwa ikibazo cyo guhumeka kitagira impamvu
Kubyimba amaguru, ibirenge cyangwa ku ngingo z’amaguru (akenshi mu byiciro byateye imbere) Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe biba byoroheje, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bikabije cyane. By’umwihariko, niba ububabare bw’ igituza n’ikibazo cyo guhumeka bidashira mu minota mike cyangwa bigaruka, ugomba guhita ushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga nta gutinda.,
Ibimenyetso bya Krizike y’Umutima mu Matsinda Atandukanye
Ku bagore n’urubyiruko, krizike y’umutima ishobora kugaragara itagaragaje ububabare busanzwe bw’ igituza. Ku bagore, cyane cyane kunanirwa, ububabare mu mugongo, isesemi, ibibazo byo gusinzira no kwiheba bishobora kuza imbere. Ku bakuze cyangwa abarwaye diyabete, ububabare bushobora kutagaragara, ahubwo hakaza intege nke itunguranye cyangwa kubura umwuka nk’ikimenyetso cya mbere.
Kubura umwuka mu gituza nijoro cyangwa mu gihe cyo gusinzira, umutima utera cyane, kubira ibyuya bikonje no gukanguka bitunguranye nabyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya krizike y’umutima ibaye mu gihe cyo gusinzira.
Ni ibihe byongera ibyago bya Krizike y’Umutima?
Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kugira krizike y’umutima kandi akenshi biza bikubiye hamwe. Ibikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:
Kunywa itabi n’ibindi bikomoka ku itabi
Kuba ufite kolesteroli nyinshi (by’umwihariko kongera LDL kolesteroli)
Kuba ufite umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru (hipertansiyo)
Diyabete (indwara y’isukari)
Umubyibuho ukabije no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri
Kutarya neza (kurya amavuta menshi, trans fat, no kutarya indyo irimo fibre)
Gufite amateka y’indwara y’umutima mu muryango hakiri kare
Umuhangayiko n’igitutu cy’amarangamutima gihoraho
Kugenda usaza (ibyago byiyongera uko imyaka igenda)
Kuba uri umugabo (ariko nyuma y’ihagarikwa ry’imihango, abagore nabo ibyago byiyongera) Hari ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byo mu laboratwari (nka C-reaktif protein, homosistein) bishobora kugaragaza ibyago byiyongereye. Mu buvuzi bugezweho, ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy’umubyibuho ukabije, hari uburyo bwa kiganga n’ubwa operation bufasha kugabanya ibyago iyo buhuye no guhindura imikorere y’imibereho.
Uko Krizike y’Umutima isuzumwa
Intambwe ya mbere mu gusuzuma krizike y’umutima ni ugukurikirana ibibazo n’ibimenyetso by’umurwayi. Nyuma hakorwa ibi bizamini bikurikira:
Elektrokardiyografi (EKG): Igaragaza impinduka mu mikorere y’amashanyarazi y’umutima mu gihe cya krizike.
Ibizamini by’amaraso: By’umwihariko, kongera kwa za enzim n’ibinyabutabire biva ku mutima nka troponin bifasha mu gusuzuma.
Ekokardiyografi: Igenzura imbaraga z’umutima mu gutera n’ibibazo by’imikorere yawo.
Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa, ifoto y’ibihaha, CT scan cyangwa MRI nabyo birakoreshwa nk’ibindi bizamini byiyongera.
Koroneri anjiyografi: Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma no kuvura gufungwa cyangwa kugabanuka kw’imitsi, kandi hakaba hashobora gukorwa balloon angioplasti cyangwa gushyiramo stent mu gihe bibaye ngombwa.
Iby’ingenzi bigomba gukorwa mu gihe cya Krizike y’Umutima
Igihe umuntu yumvise ibimenyetso bya krizike y’umutima, igihe kiba ari ingenzi cyane. Intambwe zikurikira ni zo zigomba gukurikizwa:
Kuhamagara byihuse serivisi z’ubutabazi (ambulance cyangwa serivisi yihutirwa)
Umuntu agomba kwicara ahantu hatuje, akagabanya ingendo n’imbaraga
Niba ari wenyine, agomba gusiga urugi rufunguye cyangwa gusaba ubufasha hafi ye
Niba muganga yarabimubwiye mbere, ashobora gukoresha imiti irinda nka nitroglycerin
Kuguma ategereje ubufasha bw’abaganga kugeza baje, kwirinda gukora ibindi bitari ngombwa no kwirinda guhangayika. Gufatwa hakiri kare no kwitabwaho neza bigabanya igihombo ku mutima kandi byongera amahirwe yo kubaho.
Inzira zigezweho mu Kuvura Krizike y’Umutima
Mu buvuzi bugezweho, kuvura krizike y’umutima bikorwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa krizike, ubukana bwayo n’ibyago bihari. Uburyo bwo kuvura bukubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
Gutangira vuba imiti ifungura imitsi n’imiti ituma amaraso atibumba
Mu gihe cya mbere, gukoresha uburyo bwo gufungura imitsi (angioplasti, gushyiramo stent) ni bwo bukunze guhitamo mbere
Niba bikenewe, hakorwa operation yo guhuza imitsi mishya (by-pass) aho imitsi ifunze isimbuzwa indi itari ifunze
Nyuma yo gukuraho ibyago bikomeye, guhindura imibereho, gukoresha imiti neza no kugenzura ibyago ni ingenzi
Kureka itabi, kurya neza kandi ku rugero, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kugenzura stress no kugenzura diyabete na hipertansiyo ni ingenzi. Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, ni ngombwa ko abarwayi bakurikiza inama z’abaganga b’inzobere mu mutima no mu kubaga imitsi, kandi bakajya mu igenzura kenshi.
Ibishobora Gufasha Kwirinda Krizike y’Umutima
Ibyago bya krizike y’umutima biragabanuka cyane iyo umuntu ahinduye imibereho:
Kureka burundu itabi n’ibiyikomokaho
Kugira indyo irimo kolesteroli nkeya, imboga n’ibirimo fibre byinshi, no kugabanya amavuta yuzuye n’ibiribwa byatunganyijwe
Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri cyumweru byibura iminota 150 ku rugero rwisumbuye
Kugenzura umuvuduko w’amaraso n’isukari; niba bikenewe, gukomeza imiti igihe cyose
Niba ufite ibiro byinshi cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije, shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga kugira ngo ugere ku biro byiza
Kwiga kugenzura stress no gukoresha uburyo bwo gufashwa mu mitekerereze. Kwitondera ibi byongera amahirwe yo kugabanya urupfu ruturuka ku ndwara z’umutima ku isi hose.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Krizike y’umutima ikunze kugaragara ku myaka ingahe?
Ibyago bya krizike y’umutima byiyongera uko umuntu agira imyaka myinshi. Ariko, bitewe n’imiterere y’umuryango, diyabete, kunywa itabi n’imibereho, ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bakiri bato.
Birashoboka kugira krizike y’umutima utagize ububabare bw’ igituza?
Yego. By’umwihariko ku bagore, abarwaye diyabete n’abakuze, krizike y’umutima ishobora kugaragara nta bubabare bw’ igituza. Ugomba kwitondera ibimenyetso bitandukanye n’ibisanzwe nko kunanirwa, kubura umwuka, isesemi cyangwa ububabare mu mugongo.
Ese umutima ushobora gufatwa nijoro cyangwa umuntu aryamye?
Yego, umutima ushobora gufatwa umuntu aryamye cyangwa mu gitondo cya kare. Abakangutse batunguwe n’ububabare bwo mu gituza, gutera kwihuta k’umutima cyangwa kumva igihunga bagomba guhita bajya kwivuza batinze.
Ibimenyetso by’umutima ufitwe n’abagore bitandukanye n’iby’abagabo?
Ku bagore, aho kugira ububabare busanzwe bwo mu gituza, bashobora kugira intege nke, ububabare mu mugongo no mu nda, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kuribwa mu nda.
Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kwitiranywa no gufatwa n’umutima?
Indwara zo mu gifu, guhagarika umutima kubera ubwoba, ububabare bw’imikaya n’amagufwa, indwara ya reflux ndetse na pneumonia zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutanga ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyo gufatwa n’umutima. Iyo hari gushidikanya, ni ngombwa kugana muganga kugira ngo asuzume.
Ese umuntu ufashwe n’umutima agomba gufata aspirin?
Niba muganga yabiguhereye inama kandi nta allergy ufite, gufata aspirin uyinonye mbere y’uko ubufasha bwihutirwa buza bishobora kugira akamaro mu bihe bimwe. Ariko muri buri gihe, kugana muganga bigomba kuza imbere.
Nyuma yo gufatwa n’umutima umuntu ashobora gukira burundu?
Ababashije kuvurwa hakiri kare benshi bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza binyuze mu kuvurwa neza no guhindura imibereho. Ariko hari igihe zimwe mu ngingo z’umutima zangirika burundu.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera gufatwa n’umutima ku rubyiruko?
Mu rubyiruko, itabi, cholesterol iri hejuru, umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo, hamwe n’utundi twangirika tw’imitsi twavukanye bishobora gutera gufatwa n’umutima.
Ni ibiki umuntu akwiye kwitaho mu mirire kugira ngo yirinde gufatwa n’umutima?
Kurya imboga, imbuto, ibinyampeke bitunganyije neza, amafi n’amavuta meza; kwirinda amavuta yuzuye, amavuta ya trans, umunyu n’isukari nyinshi.
Nyuma yo gufatwa n’umutima, imyitozo ngororamubiri yatangira ryari?
Gahunda y’imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma yo gufatwa n’umutima igomba gutangizwa ari uko muganga abigenzuye kandi hakorwa isuzuma ry’umuntu ku giti cye.
Umuntu wafashwe n’umutima amara igihe kingana iki mu bitaro?
Igihe amara mu bitaro giterwa n’ubukana bw’indwara n’uburyo yavuwe. Akenshi bimara iminsi mike kugeza icyumweru.
Nakora iki niba mu muryango harimo indwara y’umutima?
Amateka y’umuryango ni kimwe mu byongera ibyago. Kwirinda itabi, kurya neza, gukora imyitozo no kujya kwisuzumisha umutima igihe bibaye ngombwa ni ingenzi.
Ese stress ishobora gutera gufatwa n’umutima?
Stress imara igihe kirekire ishobora kongera ibyago byo gufatwa n’umutima. Kwirinda stress uko bishoboka cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyirwanya bifite akamaro.
Inkomoko
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (World Health Organization, WHO): Ibyerekeye indwara z’umutima n’imitsi (CVDs) Fact Sheet.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku Mutima (American Heart Association, AHA): Ibimenyetso by’umutima, ibyago n’uburyo bwo gukira.
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyaburayi ryita ku ndwara z’umutima (European Society of Cardiology, ESC): Amabwiriza yo kuvura umutima wafashwe bikabije.
Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC): Amakuru ku ndwara z’umutima.
New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Ibitangazamakuru by’ubuvuzi byemewe n’inzobere).