Kanseri y’Ibihaha ni iki? Ibimenyetso byayo, Impamvu zitera, n’Uburyo bwo Kuyisuzuma ni ibihe?
Kanseri y'Ibihaha ni iki? Ibimenyetso byayo, Impamvu zayo, n'Uburyo bwo Kuyisuzuma ni ibihe?
Kanseri y'ibihaha ni indwara yibasira ibihaha iterwa n’uko selile ziri mu bihaha ziyongera mu buryo budasanzwe, bigatera ibibyimba bibi. Izi selile zibanza kwiyongera aho ziri, zigakora igice cy'ibibyimba. Nyuma y’igihe, uko kanseri ikura, ishobora gukwirakwira mu tundi turemangingo no mu bindi bice by’umubiri biri kure.
Iyi ndwara ni imwe mu ndwara za kanseri zikunze kugaragara ku isi kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Akenshi, mu ntangiriro ntigaragaza ibimenyetso, bityo igihe benshi bayimenya iba igeze ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ni yo mpamvu abantu bafite ibyago byinshi bagomba kujya kwisuzumisha kenshi no kwitabira gahunda zo gupimwa hakiri kare.
Amakuru Rusange ku Kanseri y'Ibihaha
Kanseri y'ibihaha ni indwara iterwa n’uko selile ziri mu bihaha ziyongera mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibintu byongera ibyago cyane ni itabi, kuba umuntu aba ahumeka umwuka wanduye igihe kirekire, guhura n’ubumara bwa asibesti na radon.
By'umwihariko kubera ikoreshwa ry’itabi, kanseri y'ibihaha ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru z’impfu ziterwa na kanseri mu bagabo no mu bagore mu bihugu byinshi. Nubwo kanseri y’ibihahe ifashwe hakiri kare ishobora kuvurwa neza, akenshi isuzumwa igeze ku rwego rwo hejuru, bigatuma amahirwe yo gukira aba make.
Kanseri y'Ibihaha Ikunze Kugaragara n’Ibimenyetso Biki?
Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'ibihaha akenshi bigaragara indwara igeze kure. Nubwo mu ntangiriro itagaragaza ibimenyetso, nyuma hashobora kugaragara ibi bikurikira:
Inkyo idashira kandi igenda irushaho gukara
Amaraso mu macandwe
Kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga neza
Guhura n'ikibazo cyo kumira
Kugabanuka k'ubushake bwo kurya no gutakaza ibiro
Umunaniro udasobanutse
Ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kugaragara ku zindi ndwara z’ibihaha, bityo igihe ubyibonaho ugomba kugana muganga w’inzobere.
Ibimenyetso bya Kanseri y'Ibihaha Bihinduka Bite Bitewe n'Icyiciro?
Icyiciro cya 0: Selile za kanseri ziba ziri mu gice cy’imbere cy’uruhu rw’uruhande rw’imbere rw’igihaha gusa, akenshi nta kimenyetso gitangwa, igasangwa mu bipimo bisanzwe.
Icyiciro cya 1: Ibibyimba biba bikiri mu gihaha gusa, ntibirakwirakwira. Hashobora kugaragara inkyo yoroheje, guhumeka bigoranye cyangwa ububabare bworoheje mu gatuza. Muri iki cyiciro, kubagwa bitanga umusaruro mwiza.
Icyiciro cya 2: Kanseri ishobora kuba yarageze mu turemangingo twimbitse cyangwa mu mitsi y’amaraso yegereye igihaha. Amaraso mu macandwe, ububabare mu gatuza n’intege nke biragaragara cyane. Uretse kubagwa, hashobora no gukenerwa imiti ya kanseri n’imirasire.
Icyiciro cya 3: Indwara iba yarakwirakwiriye hanze y’igihaha no mu mitsi y’amaraso. Inkyo idashira, ububabare bukabije mu gatuza, ikibazo cyo kumira, gutakaza ibiro byinshi n’intege nke biragaragara. Kuvurwa bikunze gukorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwinshi icyarimwe.
Icyiciro cya 4: Kanseri iba yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by’umubiri (nko mu gifu, mu bwonko cyangwa mu magufa). Guhumeka bigoranye cyane, umunaniro ukabije, ububabare mu magufa no mu mutwe, kubura ubushake bwo kurya no gutakaza ibiro byinshi ni ibisanzwe. Muri iki cyiciro, kuvurwa bigamije kugabanya ibimenyetso no kongera ubuzima bufite ireme.
Impamvu Nyamukuru za Kanseri y'Ibihaha ni Izihe?
Ikintu cyongera ibyago cyane ni itabi. Ariko n’abatanywa itabi bashobora kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha. Muri rusange, hafi ya kanseri zose z’ibihaha zifitanye isano n’itabi. Guhumeka umwuka urimo itabi (passive smoking) nabyo byongera cyane ibyago.
Izindi mpamvu zirimo guhura n’ubumara bwa asibesti. Asibesti ni umusemburo wifashishwaga cyane mu bihe byashize kubera ko udashya kandi udashwanyuka. Ubu, guhura nawo biboneka cyane mu kazi, cyane cyane mu gusenya ahari asibesti.
Byongeye, umwuka wanduye, radon, imirasire y’ubumara, indwara z’ibihaha nka KOAH (indwara y’ibihaha idakira) n’imiterere y’umuryango nabyo byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha.
Hariho Ubwoko Butandukanye bwa Kanseri y'Ibihaha?
Kanseri y’ibihaha igabanyijemo amoko abiri akurikije aho selile zituruka:
Kanseri y’ibihaha ifite selile ntoya: Iyi igize hafi 10-15% by’ibihe byose. Ikura vuba kandi ikwirakwira vuba, ikunze gufitirwa isano n’itabi.
Kanseri y’ibihaha idafite selile ntoya: Iyi igize hafi 85% by’izi ndwara. Iri tsinda rigabanyijemo amoko atatu akunze kugaragara:
Adenokarsinoma
Skuamozu selile karsinoma
Karsinoma ifite selile nini
Nubwo kanseri y’ibihaha idafite selile ntoya igira ibisubizo byiza mu kuvurwa, icyiciro cy’indwara n’ubuzima rusange by’umurwayi ni ingenzi.
Ibintu Bitera Kanseri y'Ibihaha n'Ibiyongera Ibyago
Kunywa itabi ni cyo gitera iyi ndwara cyane kurusha ibindi.
No ku batanywa itabi, guhumeka umwuka urimo itabi byongera ibyago cyane.
Kuba umuntu aba ahumeka radon igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu nyubako zidafite umwuka uhagije, ni ikibazo.
Asibesti, cyane cyane ku bakora mu kazi gahura nayo, byongera ibyago.
Kuba umuntu aba mu mwuka wanduye cyane cyangwa ahantu hari imiti y’inganda nabyo ni ibyago.
Mu muryango harimo uwigeze kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha nabyo byongera ibyago.
Kuba umuntu afite indwara z’ibihaha nk’izo zidakira nabyo byongera ibyago.
Kanseri y'Ibihaha Isuzumwa Gute?
Mu gusuzuma kanseri y’ibihaha hifashishwa uburyo bugezweho bwo gufotora imbere mu mubiri n’ibipimo bya laboratwari. By’umwihariko, abantu bari mu byago byinshi bashobora gusabwa gupimwa buri mwaka hakoreshejwe CT scan ifite imirasire mike.
Niba hari ibimenyetso, hakoreshwa ifoto y’ibihaha, CT scan, gupima amacandwe no gufata igice cy’uruhu (biopsi) niba bikenewe. Ibyavuye mu bipimo bifasha kumenya icyiciro, uko indwara ikwirakwiriye n’ubwoko bwayo. Nyuma y’ibi, hategurwa uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura umurwayi.
Kanseri y'Ibihaha Itera Igihe Kingana Iki Kugira ngo Igaragare?
Mu kanseri y’ibihaha, kuva igihe selile zitangiye kwiyongera mu buryo budasanzwe kugeza igihe indwara igaragaye bishobora gufata imyaka 5–10. Kubera iki gihe kirekire, benshi bayimenya igeze kure. Ni yo mpamvu kwisuzumisha kenshi no gupimwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.
Ni Ubuhe Buryo Bukoreshwa mu Kuvura Kanseri y'Ibihaha?
Uburyo bwo kuvura bushingira ku bwoko bwa kanseri, icyiciro cyayo n’ubuzima rusange bw’umurwayi. Mu ntangiriro, kubagwa kugira ngo bakuremo ibibyimba birashoboka. Iyo indwara igeze kure, hakoreshwa imiti ya kanseri, imirasire, cyangwa ubundi buryo bugezweho, cyangwa byose hamwe. Uburyo buzakoreshwa butegurwa n’itsinda ry’abaganga b’inzobere, hashingiwe ku murwayi.
Kubagwa ni uburyo bukora neza cyane cyane mu ntangiriro n’igihe indwara itarakwirakwira. Bitewe n’ubunini n’aho ibibyimba biri, bashobora gukuramo igice cy’igihaha cyangwa igihaha cyose. Mu cyiciro cyo hejuru, uburyo bwo kuvura buba bugamije kugabanya ubukana bw’indwara no koroshya ibimenyetso.
Akamaro ko Gupimwa Kenshi no Gusuzuma Hakiri Kare
Niba kanseri y’ibihaha ibonetse hakiri kare itaragaragaza ibimenyetso, amahirwe yo gukira no kubaho igihe kirekire ariyongera. By’umwihariko, abantu bafite imyaka 50 kuzamura banywa itabi bagirwa inama yo gupimwa buri mwaka kugira ngo indwara ifatwe hakiri kare. Niba wumva uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyago, ni ingenzi kugisha inama muganga no kwitabira gahunda zo gupimwa.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (FAQ)
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri y’ibihaha?
Akenshi, inkyo idakira, amaraso mu macandwe, ikibazo cyo kuvuga neza no guhumeka bigoranye ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bya mbere. Niba ubyibonaho, jya kwa muganga.
Kanseri y’ibihaha igaragara gusa ku banywa itabi?
Oya. Nubwo itabi ari cyo kintu cyongera ibyago cyane, n’abatanywa itabi bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Guhumeka umwuka urimo itabi, imiterere y’umuryango n’ibidukikije nabyo bigira uruhare.
Kanseri y’ibihaha ishobora kuba iy’umuryango?
Mu miryango imwe, imiterere y’imisemburo ishobora gutuma ibyago byiyongera. Ariko, akenshi iyi ndwara ifitanye isano n’itabi no guhura n’ibintu byangiza mu bidukikije.
Kanseri y’ibihaha iravurwa neza mu ntangiriro?
Yego, mu ntangiriro iyo ivuwe neza umuntu ashobora gukira burundu. Ni yo mpamvu gusuzuma hakiri kare ari ingenzi.
Icyiciro cya kanseri kimenyekana gute?
Isuzuma rikorwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo byo kureba imbere mu mubiri no, nibiba ngombwa, biopsi kugira ngo hamenyekane urwego kanseri igezeho n'ingingo zafashwe.
Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kwitiranywa na yo?
Bronchite idakira, umusonga cyangwa izindi ndwara z'ubuhumekero zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa. Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza bisaba isuzuma ryimbitse.
Gukiza kanseri y'ubuhumekero biragoye?
Amahitamo yo kuvura ahinduka bitewe n'icyiciro cy'indwara n'ubuzima bw'umurwayi. Ni ingenzi gukora gahunda yihariye yo kuvura buri murwayi.
Ni ibiki byakorwa kugira ngo wirinde kanseri y'ubuhumekero?
Kwirinda itabi n'ibindi bicuruzwa bikomoka ku itabi, kwirinda guhumeka umwotsi w'itabi utari wowe urinywa, gufata ingamba zo kwirinda mu mirimo ifite ibyago, no kujya ukora isuzuma ry'ubuzima kenshi birafasha.
Kanseri y'ubuhumekero igaragara ku myaka ingahe?
Akenshi igaragara ku bantu bakuze barengeje imyaka 50, ariko ishobora no kugaragara ku muntu uwo ari we wese. By'umwihariko, abanywa itabi bafite ibyago byinshi.
Ubuzima bw'ababana na kanseri y'ubuhumekero bushobora kuzamurwa?
Yego, muri iki gihe uburyo bwo kuvura n'ubufasha bushyigikira umurwayi bushobora kongera ireme ry'ubuzima.
Ni bande bagirwa inama yo gusuzumwa kanseri y'ubuhumekero?
By'umwihariko, abantu banyoye itabi igihe kirekire, barengeje imyaka 50 kandi bafite ibindi byongera ibyago, bagirwa inama yo gusuzumwa kenshi.
Abafasha umurwayi bashobora gute kumushyigikira mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?
Ubufasha bw'umubiri n'ubw'amarangamutima bugira uruhare runini mu kongera ireme ry'ubuzima mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yaho.
Kubagwa kanseri y'ubuhumekero birimo ibyago?
Nka buri kubagwa kose, hari ibyago biba bihari. Gukora isuzuma ryimbitse mbere yo kubagwa no kwitegura neza bifasha kugabanya ibyo byago.
Kuvura hakoreshejwe "imiti y'ubwenge" bivuze iki?
Mu bwoko bumwe bwa kanseri y'ubuhumekero, hashobora gukoreshwa imiti igenewe kwibasira tumur tumwe twihariye. Muganga ashobora gusuzuma iyi nzira ashingiye ku isesengura rya jenetike y'ikibyimba.
Ni iki kiba kibaye kanseri y'ubuhumekero itavuwe?
Nidatangwa ubuvuzi, kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira vuba igatuma ingingo z'ingenzi z'umubiri zidakora neza. Gufata ingamba hakiri kare no kuvura ni ingenzi.
Inkomoko
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Kanseri y'ubuhumekero
Umuryango w’Abanyamerika wita ku Kanseri (American Cancer Society): Kanseri y'ubuhumekero
Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC): Kanseri y'ubuhumekero
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyaburayi ryita ku buvuzi bwa Onkoloji (ESMO): Amabwiriza yo kuvura kanseri y'ubuhumekero
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): Amabwiriza y’imikorere mu kuvura Onkoloji – Kanseri y'ubuhumekero idafite uturemangingo duto
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): Gusuzuma no gutahura hakiri kare kanseri y'ubuhumekero