Imiterere y'Umugongo n'Ububabare bw'Ikibuno: Amakuru Shingiro, Ibimenyetso n'Uburyo bwo Kuvura

Imiterere y'urutirigongo n'umurongo w'inyuma

Urutirigongo ni igice nyamukuru cy'imbavu kigizwe n'utugingo 24, gishyigikira umubiri. Muri rwo harimo umurongo w'inyuma ugizwe n'udutsinga tw'imyakura duhuza ubwonko n'umubiri. Imikaya ibarizwa hafi y'urutirigongo ituma umugongo n'ikibuno bigira ubushobozi bwo kugenda no kwihanganira imvune.

Mu bijyanye n'imiterere, urutirigongo rugabanyijemo ibice bine: igice cy'ijosi (servikal), igice cy'igituza (torasik), igice cy'ikibuno (lumbar), n'igice cy'inyuma (sakral). Igice cy'ikibuno kigizwe n'utugingo dutanu twitwa L1 kugeza kuri L5. Hagati y'utugingo tw'urutirigongo habamo udutambaro twitwa intervertebral disk, dufasha mu koroshya kugenda no kugabanya imvune.

Iki ni iki?

Iki ni igihe udutambaro turi hagati y'utugingo tw'ikibuno twangiritse, tukarekura igice cyoroshye kiri imbere kigatera igitutu ku myakura. Iyi mpinduka itera ububabare bukabije mu kibuno no mu maguru. Impamvu nyamukuru itera iki kibazo ni ukwiyongera kw'imyaka n'ubusaza bw'udutambaro, ariko no guterura ibintu biremereye cyangwa imbaraga zidasanzwe bishobora kubitera vuba.

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iki ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ububabare mu kibuno no mu maguru

• Kumva amaguru atameze neza cyangwa kuribwa nko gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi

• Kutagira icyo wumva mu birenge cyangwa kumva bishyushye

• Guhura n'ikibazo cyo kugenda

Niba udutambaro twangiritse dushyira igitutu ku mizi y'imyakura, ububabare bukwirakwira kuva mu kibuno bukagera ku maguru. Hari igihe ububabare bumva mu kibuno gusa, ariko hari n'igihe habaho igabanuka ry'imbaraga mu maguru cyangwa ibibazo by'uburinganire. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, umuntu ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma, cyangwa ibibazo by'imikorere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ibi bikaba ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwihutirwa bwa cauda equina syndrome. Ibi bisaba kwihutira kwivuza.

Ibintu bitera iki kibazo

Abantu benshi bahura n'ububabare bw'ikibuno mu buzima bwabo. Ariko iki kibazo gikunze gufitirwa isano n'ibintu bikurikira:

• Guterura ibintu biremereye cyangwa gukora imirimo isaba imbaraga nyinshi

• Kwicara igihe kirekire (nko gukora ku meza cyangwa gutwara imodoka igihe kirekire)

• Umubyibuho ukabije, utuma urutirigongo ruremererwa

• Kunywa itabi, bigabanya imirire y'udutambaro tw'urutirigongo

• Imiterere y'umuryango; rimwe na rimwe iki kibazo kigaragara mu muryango umwe

• Imibereho idakora imyitozo; imikaya y'ikibuno n'inda idakomeye byongera ibyago

• Ibyiyongera ku mubiri mu gihe cyo gutwita bituma igitutu ku rutirigongo cyiyongera

Uko iki kibazo gishirwa ahagaragara

Intambwe ya mbere mu gusuzuma ni kumva neza amateka y'uburwayi no gukora isuzuma ry'umubiri. Harebwa aho ububabare buri, niba bukwirakwira mu bice by'umubiri, niba hari igabanuka ry'imbaraga cyangwa kutumva. Hari igihe gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura byongera ububabare.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma bifasha cyane mu kwemeza indwara:

• Röntgen (X-ray): Igaragaza imiterere y'amagufwa y'urutirigongo, ikoreshwa mu kumenya imvune cyangwa impinduka z'imiterere.

• Tomografi (CT): Ifasha mu gusuzuma udutambaro twangiritse cyangwa twahindutse.

• Manyetiki Rezonansi (MRI): Itanga amakuru arambuye ku mikaya yoroshye, imyakura n'udutambaro, akaba ari yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gusuzuma iki kibazo.

• Elektronöromiyografi (EMG): Ishobora kugaragaza niba hari ikibazo mu itumanaho ry'imyakura.

Hari igihe hakenerwa ibizamini by'amaraso byiyongera, cyane cyane mu gihe bakeka indwara y'ubwandu, kanseri cyangwa indwara rusange.

Uko iki kibazo kivurwa

Gahunda yo kuvura igengwa n'ibimenyetso by'umurwayi, urwego rw'ikibazo n'ibyago byo kwangirika kw'imyakura. Mu ntangiriro, hakorwa ibi bikurikira:

• Kuruhuka igihe gito

• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri n'ubuvuzi bwabugenewe

• Imiti igabanya ububabare n'uburibwe (akenshi nonsteroid antiinflamatuvar)

Niba ububabare bukabije cyangwa hari ibimenyetso by'imyakura, hakoreshwa imiti ikomeye cyangwa igabanya imikaya. Ariko niba imiti idatanga umusaruro cyangwa habayeho ikibazo cyo kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma, hakenerwa kubagwa.

Amahitamo yo kubagwa ni ayahe?

Kubagwa bikunze gutekerezwaho mu gihe habayeho igabanuka rikomeye ry'imbaraga, kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma, ibibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ububabare bukabije budakira. Uburyo bukurikira nibwo bukoreshwa:

• Mikrodiskektomi: Gukuramo igice cyangiritse cy'udutambaro hifashishijwe mikorosikopi

• Laminektomi: Gukuramo igice cy'urutirigongo (lamina) kugira ngo igitutu ku muyoboro w'imyakura gikurweho

• Kubaga usimbuza udutambaro: Gukuramo udutambaro twangiritse hakashyirwa utwakozwe; bikoreshwa gusa ku barwayi bamwe

• Spinal fusion: Guhuza utugingo twinshi tukaba hamwe; bikoreshwa mu gihe habayeho kudakomera kw'urutirigongo

Nubwo kubagwa bishobora kugira ibyago nko kwandura, kuva amaraso cyangwa kwangirika kw'imyakura, ubu uburyo bugezweho bwa microchirurgie bwagabanyije cyane izi ngaruka.

Uko ubuzima buba nyuma yo kugira iki kibazo

Mu gihe kubagwa bidakenewe cyangwa nyuma yo kubagwa, gukoresha imyitozo ngororamubiri, kongera imikaya no gukora gahunda z'imyitozo zikwiriye bifasha kurinda ubuzima bw'urutirigongo. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha, kuruhuka igihe gito no kwigishwa uko uhagarara neza nabyo bifasha mu gukira.

Ibyo kwitondera kugira ngo wirinde iki kibazo

Guhindura imibereho ni ingenzi mu kwirinda iki kibazo:

• Kugumana ibiro byiza no kwirinda kongera ibiro bidakenewe

• Kugira gahunda ihoraho yo gukora imyitozo igamije kongera imikaya (by'umwihariko iy'inda n'umugongo)

• Mu guterura ibintu hasi, gupfukama no kugumana umugongo ugororotse

• Mu mirimo isaba kuguma hamwe igihe kirekire, kujya uhaguruka kenshi no gukora imyitozo yoroshye

• Kwirinda inkweto ndende n'itabi

• Kugira imyitwarire myiza ijyanye n'imiterere y'urutirigongo mu buzima bwa buri munsi

Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire

Niba iki kibazo kitavuwe neza, gishobora guteza ububabare bukabije bw'umugongo, kwangirika kudakira kw'imyakura no kugabanuka k'ubuzima. Ni ngombwa kugana muganga igihe habonetse ibimenyetso bikekwa no gukurikiza inama z'abaganga.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Iki ni iki kandi giterwa n'iki?

Ni igihe udutambaro turi hagati y'utugingo tw'ikibuno twangiritse, igice cyoroshye kiri imbere kigatera igitutu ku myakura. Akenshi biterwa no gusaza, gukora imirimo isaba imbaraga cyangwa guterura ibintu biremereye.

2. Ibimenyetso by'iki ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ububabare mu kibuno no mu maguru, kumva amaguru atameze neza cyangwa kuribwa nko gukubitwa n'amashanyarazi, kugorwa no kugenda, igabanuka ry'imbaraga mu birenge no mu bihe bike kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma.

3. Ese ububabare bwose bw'ikibuno bivuze iki?

Oya. Hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zitera ububabare bw'ikibuno. Ariko niba ububabare bukwirakwira mu maguru cyangwa hakabaho igabanuka ry'ubushobozi bwo kumva, ibyago byiyongera. Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza, ni ngombwa kugana muganga.

4. Ese iki kibazo gishobora gukira ubwacyo?

Mu gihe kinini, mu byumweru bitandatu, kuruhuka, imiti n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora gutuma gikira ubwacyo. Ariko niba ibimenyetso byiyongera cyangwa habayeho igabanuka mu bushobozi bwo kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma, ni ngombwa kugana ivuriro.

5. Ese kubagwa ni ngombwa mu kuvura iki kibazo?

Abenshi ntibakeneye kubagwa. Niba ububabare bushobora kugabanywa, nta igabanuka ry'imbaraga cyangwa kwangirika kw'imyakura, akenshi imiti n'imyitozo birahagije. Kubagwa bitekerezwa mu gihe habayeho igabanuka ry'imbaraga, kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma, cyangwa ububabare bukabije budakira.

6. Ni ryari hakenerwa kubagwa byihutirwa?

Niba habayeho kutabasha kwihagarika cyangwa kwituma bitunguranye, igabanuka rikomeye ry'imbaraga mu maguru cyangwa ibibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ibi ni ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwihutirwa kandi bisaba kugana kwa muganga vuba.

7. Ni iki wakora mu rugo ngo ugabanye ububabare?

Kuruhuka igihe gito, gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha byemejwe na muganga, imyitozo yoroshye yo kugorora umubiri no kugira imyitwarire myiza y'urutirigongo birafasha. Ariko niba ububabare bwiyongera cyangwa habayeho igabanuka ry'imbaraga, ugomba kugisha inama muganga.

8. Imyitozo ifasha iki kibazo ni iyihe?

Imyitozo igenda yongera imbaraga mu misokoro y'inda n'iy'umubiri igomba gukorwa buhoro. Ariko buri muntu agira imyitozo imubereye, ni byiza kugisha inama umuforomokazi cyangwa muganga.

9. Ni ikihe kibazo umubyibuho ukabije n'itabi bigira ku kubabara mu mugongo?

Ibiro byinshi bitera umuzigo wiyongera ku mugongo no ku dusanduku tw'umugongo, naho itabi rishobora kubangamira imirire y'utwo dusanduku. Ibi byombi byongera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy'umugongo; mu ngamba zo kwirinda, imirire myiza n'imibereho myiza bifite akamaro kanini.

10. Ni ibiki by'ingenzi byo kwitaho kugira ngo wirinde ikibazo cy'umugongo?

Kugira imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho, kugira ibiro biri mu rugero rwiza, gukoresha uburyo bukwiriye mu gihe uterura ibintu biremereye no kwirinda itabi bifasha kurinda ubuzima bw'umugongo.

11. Ese ikibazo cy'umugongo gishobora kugaruka?

Yego, cyane cyane iyo impamvu zibyara ikibazo zikomeje cyangwa impinduka zikwiye mu mibereho zidakozwe. Kwitondera imyitozo ngororamubiri n'uko wicara bishobora gufasha kwirinda ko byongera kugaruka.

12. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusuzuma bukoreshwa mu kibazo cy'umugongo?

Akenshi MRI ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane; ariko na röntgen hamwe na tomografi ya mudasobwa birashobora gukenerwa. Icyemezo gifatwa hashingiwe ku isuzuma rya muganga.

13. Ni iki gikorwa na fizioterapi mu kibazo cy'umugongo?

Fizioterapi ifasha kongera imbaraga z'imikaya, gushyigikira umugongo, kugabanya ububabare no gutuma umuntu akira vuba. Gahunda y'ubuvuzi igomba gutegurwa hashingiwe ku muntu ku giti cye.

14. Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa?

Nka buri gikorwa cyose cyo kubaga, hari ibyago nko kwandura, kuva amaraso, cyangwa kwangirika k'uturemangingo. Ariko, mu buryo bwa microchirurgie, ibyo byago byaragabanutse cyane.

15. Ese umuntu ufite ikibazo cy'umugongo ashobora gukora siporo?

Imyitozo iboneye kandi yemejwe na muganga irashobora kugirira akamaro. Ariko, aho gukora siporo iremereye kandi igoranye, ni byiza guhitamo ibikorwa ngororamubiri bikwiriye umubiri kandi bigenzurwa neza.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – Ubuzima bw’imikaya n’amagufwa

• Ihuriro ry’Abaganga b’Amerika b’inzobere mu kubaga amagufwa (AAOS) – Disiki yacitse (Disiki yanyereye)

• Ishami rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryita ku Buzima (NIH) – Ifishi y’amakuru ku bubabare bwo mu mugongo

• Ihuriro ry’Abanyaburayi b’inzobere mu kubaga ubwonko (EANS) – Amabwiriza ku kibazo cya disiki y’umugongo

• Ihuriro ry’Abaganga b’Amerika b’inzobere mu kubaga ubwonko (AANS) – Disiki yacitse