Te Uaua o te Hā (Dispne): Ngā Pūtake, Ngā Tohu me Ngā Ara Whakatika
He aha te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ko te kōpūpū o te hā, arā ko te ingoa rongoā ko te dispne, he āhuatanga ka rongo te tangata kāore e taea te whakamahi katoa i tōna kaha manawa, ā, ka tino mōhio ia ki te mahi o te manawa. Ko ngā nekehanga manawa kāore e rongo i te ao o ia rā, ka tino kitea ki te hunga e pāngia ana e te kōpūpū o te hā. I te nuinga o te wā, ka kīia tēnei āhuatanga hei “te kīhai i te rawaka o te hā”, “te hiahia nui ki te hau” rānei “te noho kāore he hā”, ā, ka puta pea i te pikinga arawhata, te hīkoi tere, ā, i ētahi wā, ahakoa e okioki ana. I ētahi wā, ahakoa kua nui te hā, kāore tonu te tangata e rongo i te māhorahora. Nā te mea ka pā te kōpūpū o te hā ki ngā take ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro hoki, me aromātai whānui i ngā wā katoa.
I Ēhea Āhuatanga Ka Puta te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
He amuamu te kōpūpū o te hā ka taea te pā ki ngā mahi oranga, ā, ka tino heke te kounga o te oranga. Ahakoa ka puta i ngā take rerekē, ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko te uaua ki te manawa me te tino mōhio ki tēnei tukanga. Ka taea te kōpūpū o te hā te take mai i ngā mate o te pūkahukahu, te manawa rānei, ā, ka taea hoki te take mai i ngā āhuatanga ā-hinengaro me ētahi atu mate pūnaha.
I te taha rongoā, ka aromātai te kōpūpū o te hā ki ngā rōpū matua e rua:
1. Ngā take nō te pūkahukahu: Ngā mate, ngā ngoikoretanga rānei o te pūnaha manawa.
2. Ngā take nō waho o te pūkahukahu: Ko te nuinga ko ngā mate manawa, te kore toto, ngā ngoikoretanga ā-matapūtaiao me ngā āhuatanga ā-hinengaro.
Ko te kōpūpū o te hā ka tīmata ohorere, he maha ka pā ki ngā mate o te manawa me te pūkahukahu. Ko ngā amuamu ka tipu āta, ka whakaarohia ngā take mātāmua, subacute rānei. Waihoki, ko ngā raruraru hanganga o te ihu, o ngā ara manawa runga, ka taea te uaua o te rere hau.
He aha ngā Tohu E Kitea Ana i te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ehara te kōpūpū o te hā i te mea ka puta anake, engari ka puta tahi me ētahi atu tohu. Ko ngā tohu e kitea nuitia ana ko ēnei:
Te uaua ki te manawa
Te kīhai i te rawaka o te hā, te rongo kāore he hau
Te manawa hāparangi, koretake, pēnei i te tangi whio
Te kākā, te mamae rānei i te riu
Te oho i te pō nā te kīhai i te taea te manawa
Te hohoro o te ngenge, te hiahia ki te okioki i ngā mahi pēnei i te piki arawhata
Te whakaputa toto i te tuha
Te mare ohorere, te mare roa rānei
Te ngoikore, te ngenge tonu
Te āmaimai, te māuiui o te ūpoko
Te pupuhi o ngā rekereke me ngā waewae (te edema)
Te patupatu o te manawa
Te rangirua o te hinengaro, te ngaro poto o te hinengaro
Te ngaronga o te taumaha
Mēnā ka kitea tētahi o ēnei tohu me te kōpūpū o te hā, he mea nui kia ui ki tētahi mātanga hauora hei kimi i te taumaha o te āhuatanga.
He aha ngā Take o te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ko ngā take o te uaua ki te manawa ka wehea ki ngā rōpū e rua: ngā take nō te pūkahukahu me ngā take nō waho o te pūkahukahu.
Ko ngā take nō te pūkahukahu, ko ēnei pea:
Ngā mate e whakaiti ana i ngā ara manawa pēnei i te mate huango me te bronşit
Te Mate Pūkahukahu Aukati Roa (KOAH)
Te pneumonia (zatürre)
Te pneumothorax (te paheketanga o tētahi wāhanga, katoa rānei o te pūkahukahu)
Te emboli pulmonary (te hanga poketoto ki te uaua pūkahukahu)
Te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu
Te noho roa ki ngā pānga taiao, matū rānei
Ngā urupare āleriki
Te kai paipa me te parahanga hau
Te aukati o te ara manawa e te mea rāwaho (ina koa ki ngā tamariki)
Ko ngā take nō waho o te pūkahukahu, ko te nuinga:
Ngā mate manawa (hei tauira, te ngoikore o te manawa, te mate manawa)
Te kore toto (anemia)
Te pēhanga toto teitei
Te ngoikore o te rere toto
Te taumaha nui (obesity)
Ngā mate neurological (pēnei i te Guillain-Barre syndrome, Myastenia gravis)
Ngā take ā-hinengaro (pēnei i te mataku ohorere, te mate manukanuka)
Te ngaronga toto, te ngaronga kaha rānei
Te koroheketanga
I ētahi wā, ka kitea ēnei take e mahi tahi ana. Ahakoa te take, me whai whakaaro nui ki te kōpūpū o te hā, me rapu āwhina rongoā hei kimi i te take matua.
He aha ngā Tikanga mō te Tautuhi i te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ina tae mai tētahi tangata ki te rata mō te kōpūpū o te hā, ka kohia tuatahi te hītori hauora. Ka whai muri ko te tirohanga tinana, ā, mēnā e tika ana, ka whakamahia ēnei whakamātautau:
Te whakaahua pūkahukahu (röntgen)
Ngā whakamātautau mahi manawa
Ngā whakamātautau toto
Te tomokanga rorohiko
Te bronchoscopy
EKG me ngā whakamātautau manawa (ina whakapae he take manawa)
Mēnā e tika ana, te aromātai ā-hinengaro
Ka mārama te take o te kōpūpū o te hā i muri i ēnei aromātai, ā, ka waihangatia he mahere rongoā motuhake mō te tangata.
Hei Āwhea ngā Tohungatanga e Pā Ana ki te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ka taea e te hunga e pāngia ana e te kōpūpū o te hā te toro tuatahi ki te rata whānau, ki te rata ā-roto rānei. E ai ki te take o ngā amuamu, ka taea te aromātai e te mātanga mate pūkahukahu (pulmonology) mō ngā mate pūkahukahu, ā, mō ngā raruraru manawa, ka taea te aromātai e te rata cardiology. Ina hiahiatia, ka taea te rapu āwhina mai i ngā rātonga maha.
He aha ngā Mate Pūkahukahu e Hua ai te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ko ētahi o ngā tino take o te kōpūpū o te hā nō te pūkahukahu ko te huango, te bronşit me te KOAH. Ko te huango, ina koa, ka whakaiti i ngā ara hau, ka pā te kākā ki te riu. He nui te manawa hāparangi, te manawa pēnei i te whio. Ka taea hoki e te mātao, te rewharewha, ngā āleriki, te korikori taumaha, te hau paruparu te whakakaha i te kōpūpū o te hā. Waihoki, ko ngā hau paitini, ngā matū horoi, te hanumi o ngā matū horoi rerekē, ka taea te whakakaha i te kōpūpū o te hā.
Ko te pneumothorax (te paheketanga o te pūkahukahu) ka pā ki te mamae me te uaua ohorere ki te manawa, ko te hanga poketoto ki ngā uaua pūkahukahu (pulmonary emboli) ka pā ki te mamae nui o te riu, te whakaputa toto i te tuha, te hinga, me te tino kōpūpū o te hā.
Ngā Mate Manawa e Hua ai te Kōpūpū o te Hā
He take nui hoki ngā mate manawa mō te kōpūpū o te hā. I te wā o te mate manawa, i te wā o te ngoikore o te manawa, ka tino kitea te kōpūpū o te hā. Waihoki, ka pā te patupatu o te manawa, te pēhanga toto teitei, ngā mate kūaha manawa, ki te ngoikore o te rere toto, ka rongo te hunga i te kīhai i te rawaka o te hā. Ko te edema pūkahukahu nā te manawa, he āhuatanga tino taumaha, me rongoā wawe, ā, ka pā ki te kōpūpū nui o te hā me te edema.
He Aha ngā Mea Ka Pai mō te Kōpūpū o te Hā?
Ko te huarahi tino whaihua ki te whakaiti i te kōpūpū o te hā, ko te kimi i te take matua, ka tīmata i te rongoā tika. Me whakamahere te tukanga rongoā i raro i te tirotiro a te rata. Hei tua atu, ka taea ēnei tikanga te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā amuamu:
Me karo rawa i te kai paipa me ngā hua tupeka
Me karo i te hau paruparu me te manawa i ngā matū kaha
Me whakamahana pai i ngā wāhi noho
Me whakapiki i te korikori tinana hei whakapakari i ngā uaua manawa, engari me tīmata i raro i te tirotiro a te rata
Me aro ki te whakahaere taumaha
Me tiaki i a koe i ngā mea āleriki
Me whakahaere i ngā arowhai hauora i ngā wā katoa
Waihoki, ko te whakahaere i te ahotea, te whakamahi i ngā tikanga manawa tika, me te whai i te moe hauora, ka whai pānga pai ki te hauora manawa whānui.
Ngā Rautaki Whaihua hei Whakaiti i te Kōpūpū o te Hā
Mō te hunga e mate ana i ngā mate manawa mauroa, ngā āleriki, ētahi atu mate mauroa rānei, me whai i te aroturuki auau me te rongoā tika. He mea nui te whakarere i te kai paipa, te korikori auau me te whakahaere taumaha hei whakaiti i te kōpūpū o te hā. Ko te ako i ngā mahi manawa me ngā tikanga whakangā ka āwhina ki te manawa pai i te ao o ia rā. Mēnā ka pā te kino ohorere o te mate, te kōpūpū o te hā ahakoa e okioki ana, te mamae o te riu rānei, me haere wawe ki tētahi ratonga hauora.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. He aha te take o te kōpūpū o te hā?
Ka puta te kōpūpū o te hā nā ngā mate pūkahukahu, manawa rānei, te kore toto, te taumaha nui, ngā ngoikoretanga neurological, ngā pānga taiao me ngā take ā-hinengaro, arā, he maha ngā take rerekē.
2. Me haere au ki tehea rata mō te kōpūpū o te hā?
Ka taea e te rata whānau, te mātanga mate ā-roto, te mātanga mate uma (pūkahukahu) rānei, te mātanga manawa hoki te arotake i tēnei āhuatanga. Ka arahina koe e ai ki ōu amuamu me te take kei raro i te mata.
3. Me aha au mēnā ka tīmata ohorere te koretake o te manawa?
Mēnā ka tīmata ohorere, ka kaha hoki te koretake o te manawa, te mamae uma, te māuiui rānei, me rapu wawe i te āwhina hauora ohotata.
4. Kei a au te koretake o te manawa engari kāore au i te mate, he āhua hinengaro pea tēnei?
Āe, ka taea e te pēhanga hinengaro, te māharahara me te raru mataku te take i te koretake o te manawa. Engari me whakakore tuatahi i ngā take rongoā kē atu.
5. He aha ngā mahi ka taea e au ki te whakangāwari i te koretake o te manawa i te kāinga?
Ko te whakarere i te kaipaipa me ngā ritenga kino, te whakangā i te whare, te tiaki i a koe i te pēhanga me ngā mea whakapataritari, me te mahi i ngā whakaharatau manawa ka akohia i te rata, ka āwhina pea.
6. Me aha au mēnā ka puta te koretake o te manawa i a au e moe ana?
Mēnā ka pāngia koe e te koretake o te manawa i te pō, me arotake koe mō te mate moe apne, ngā mate manawa me te mate manawa, ā, me toro ki tō rata.
7. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te koretake o te manawa i te mate huango me te KOAH?
Mā te rongoā tika, te whakarere i te kaipaipa me te aroturuki auau a te rata ka taea te ārai i ngā raru. Ka whai hua hoki ngā whakaharatau manawa kua whakaritea mō te tangata.
8. He aha te take o te koretake o te manawa i ngā tamariki?
Ko ngā tino take ko ngā mate huaketo o runga, te huango, ngā mate whakapataritari, me te kākano rānei kua uru ki te pūkahukahu. Ko te koretake o te manawa ohorere me rongoā wawe.
9. I a wai ka kitea nuitia te koretake o te manawa?
Ka kitea nuitia i te hunga pakeke, te hunga kaipaipa, te hunga mate mauroa, me te hunga e noho ana i raro i te pēhanga nui.
10. Ka pā te koretake o te manawa ki te taumaha o te tinana?
Āe, ka heke te kaha o te pūkahukahu i te hunga taumaha rawa, ka uaua hoki ngā uaua manawa; ka taea tēnei te take o te koretake o te manawa.
11. He aha ngā whakamātautau mō te koretake o te manawa?
I muri i te kohikohi kōrero me te tirohanga tinana, ka tono pea mō te whakaahua pūkahukahu, ngā whakamātautau toto, ngā whakamātautau mahi manawa, EKG me ngā tikanga tirohanga matatau mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
12. Ka taea te koretake o te manawa te noho rangitahi noa iho?
Āe, mēnā he mate huaketo, he pānga wā poto rānei nō te taiao, ka taea te whakaora katoa. Engari mēnā ka haere tonu, ka kaha ake rānei ngā amuamu, me toro ki te rata.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO) — Chronic Respiratory Diseases Factsheet
Te Rōpū Pūkahukahu o Amerika (American Lung Association) — He aha te Koretake o te Manawa?
Te Rōpū Manawa o Amerika (American Heart Association) — Koretake o te Manawa
Chest Journal — Te Arotake i te Koretake o te Manawa i te Taiao Haumanu
European Respiratory Society — Ngā Aratohu mō te arotake i te koretake o te manawa