Te Pākia: Ngā Take, Ngā Tohu me Ngā Tikanga Haumaru
He aha te mate korere, ā, pēhea te whanaketanga?
Ko te mate korere he raruraru noa o te pūnaha mimiti kai, e tautuhia ana e te whakaputa o te tuarā he maha ake i te tikanga, he māmā, he wai hoki. I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta mai i ngā kīrehe whakapoke e uru ana ki ngā puku, ngā kore e taea te kai, me ētahi atu mate o te pūnaha mimiti kai. Nā te mea ka ngaro wawe te wai me ngā hiko i te tinana, me āta whakahaere, inā koa ki ngā pēpi, ngā tamariki nohinohi, ngā kaumātua, me te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate.
Ahakoa he mate korere te nuinga o ngā tamariki, i ētahi wā ka puta te tino ngaro o te wai (te maroke). Inā koa ki ngā kōhungahunga, ka tere puta ngā tohu o te maroke i muri i te tīmatanga o te mate korere; nō reira, he mea tino nui kia āta aroturuki. Ko te heke o te nui o te mimi, te waha maroke, te tangi kāore he roimata, ngā karu hohonu, me te rangirua, he tohu nui ēnei mō te ngaro o te wai i ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi.
Me pēhea te mōhio ki te mate korere tino kino, mōrearea hoki?
Ko ētahi momo mate korere ka ngaro wawe te nui o te wai me ngā hiko i te tinana, ā, ka raru te oranga. I te nuinga o te wā, ka pā mai tēnei āhuatanga nā ngā huakita pēnei i te kolera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile, ngā huaketo motuhake, me ngā kīrehe nohinohi. Kāore e taea e ngā puku te whakahoki i te wai, ā, ka ngaro wawe te wai i te tinana. Ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te tino hiainu, te hekenga o te pēhanga toto, te ngoikore, ngā kōpū kōpeke, te rangirua, tae atu ki te āhua o te ohorere. I ēnei āhuatanga, kaua e ngana ki te rongoā i te kāinga, engari me rapu wawe i te āwhina hauora, inā koa ki ngā tamariki, kaumātua, me te hunga mate mauroa.
He aha ngā tohu whakatūpato o te mate korere mōrearea?
Ko ngā tohu e whai ake nei ka tohu kua huri te mate korere i tua atu i te āhua noa:
Te pupuhi, te mamae, me ngā kōpeketanga o te puku
Kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o te puku
Te pāmahana teitei
Te toto, te kōpiro rānei i roto i te tuarā
Te ngaro ohorere, tino kitea o te taumaha
Te ruaki, te āmaimai rānei o te puku
Te tino hiainu, te waha maroke, te heke o te mimi, me te mimi parauri
Te riri, te āmaimai, te hekenga o te pēhanga toto, me ngā rerekētanga o te hinengaro
Ki ngā pēpi, ko te rangirua, te hohonutanga o te bīngī, te maroke o te waha, me te iti o te paru i te kōpū, he tohu pea ēnei mō te ngaro o te wai. Inā koa kāore e taea e ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi te kī i ō rātou raruraru, he mea nui kia āta mātakitaki ngā pakeke e tiaki ana.
Ngā momo mate korere
Ka whakarōpūhia te mate korere ki ēnei momo:
Mate korere ohorere: Ka tīmata ohorere, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka pā mai nā ngā kīrehe whakapoke, ā, he iti iho i te kotahi wiki te roa.
Mate korere mauroa: Ka roa ake i te whā wiki, ā, he pānga ki ngā take mauroa pēnei i te mate iritā o te puku, te mate kōrihi, me ngā mate mumura o te puku.
Mate korere whakatārewa: Ka puta nā te nui o te wai e whakaputaina ana e ngā puku; ka takea mai pea i ngā huakita pēnei i te kolera.
Mate korere osmotic: Ka puta nā ngā matū kāore i mimihia e te puku e kukume ana i te wai, hei tauira i te kore e taea te mimiti i te ranu miraka.
Mate korere ngako (steatoreik): Nā te ngoikore o te mimiti ngako, ka hinu, ka kanapa, ka kino te kakara o te tuarā.
He aha ngā take o te mate korere?
I te ao whānui, ko te take nui o te mate korere i ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke ko ngā kīrehe huaketo me ngā huakita. Hei tāpiri atu:
Ngā kīrehe nohinohi
Ngā kai, ngā wai inu kāore i te mōhiotia te pūtake, kāore i te tino tunu, kāore rānei i te ma
Ngā rongoā, inā koa ngā rongoā patu huakita, e whakarerekē ana i te āhua o te puku
Ngā kore e taea te kai (hei tauira te kore e taea te mimiti i te ranu miraka, te kūtene rānei)
Ngā mate mauroa o te puku (hei tauira te mate Crohn, te mumura o te puku)
Ka taea hoki e te ahotea me ngā āhuatanga hinengaro te pā ki ngā nekehanga o te puku.
He aha ngā mōrearea o te mate korere mēnā kāore e rongoā?
Mēnā kāore e tautuhia, e rongoā rānei i te wā tika ngā tohu pēnei i te pāmahana, te ruaki, me te mate korere i tō tamaiti, ka puta pea ēnei mōrearea:
Te ngoikore, te kore hiahia kai, te heke o te kounga oranga
Te maroke o te waha, te heke o te mimi
Te ngaro o te hinengaro, ā, ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino, te koma me te mate
Ka tere ake te kaha o te maroke ki ngā tamariki nohinohi i ngā pakeke. Nō reira, kaua e warewaretia.
Te whakahaere i te mate korere ki ngā tamariki me ngā pēpi
I ngā tamariki, ko te nuinga o te mate korere nā ngā huaketo, ā, kāore e hiahiatia te rongoā patu huakita. Mēnā kei te ruaki te tamaiti, kāore e taea te kai, te inu rānei, me rapu āwhina i te mātanga.
Me pēhea te tautoko wai i te kāinga?
I te mate korere māmā, waenga rānei, ko te whāinga matua kia whakahokia ngā wai me ngā kohuke kua ngaro. Ka taea te whakamahi haumaru i ngā otinga whakaora waha ka hokona i te whare rongoā. E taunaki ana kia pērā i te pakeke o te tamaiti:
I raro i te 2 tau: Kotahi kapu iti i muri i ia tuarā wai
2 tau neke atu: Haurua, kotahi kapu wai rānei
Ngā tamariki pakeke ake: Kia nui te inu i te mea ka taea
Mēnā ka piki te ruaki, me hoatu te wai i ngā wā poto, he iti noa iho te rahi.
Me pēhea te kai tika?
Kaua e aukati i te kai i te wā o te mate korere; me whiriwhiri i ngā kai māmā pēnei i te panana, te miraka pē, te rīhi raihi, te rīwai kohuatia, te heihei, ngā hupa huawhenua kāore he hinu, te miraka ranu, me te parāoa. Me karo i ngā kai huka, parai, rongoā, me ngā kai waikawa, nā te mea ka kino ake te mate korere.
Te tautoko i te pūnaha puku
Ka taunaki ētahi rata kia whakamahia ngā tāpiritanga probiotic, ngā hua kei roto te konutea hei tautoko i te pūnaha puku. Me whakamahi ēnei hua i raro i te tohutohu a te mātanga hauora.
Te tiaki i ngā pēpi e mate korere ana
Ko te tino kaupapa rongoā i ngā pēpi ko te whakahoki tika i te wai me ngā kohuke kua ngaro. Me whāngai tonu i ngā pēpi e whāngai ana ki te ū, i ngā wā poto. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā otinga whakaora waha i raro i te tohutohu a te rata. Mēnā e tika ana mō te pakeke o te pēpi, ka taea te tāpiri i te rīhi raihi, te rīwai kohuatia, te panana pē, te miraka pē rānei. Mēnā ka roa ake i te toru rā te mate korere, ka puta te pāmahana, te toto rānei i te tuarā, me rapu tonu i te rata.
Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea i te mate korere
Ka piki ake te tūpono o te mate korere nā ēnei āhuatanga:
Kāore e whāngai ki te ū (inā koa i ngā marama tuatahi e whā)
Kāore i te ma ngā pounamu me ngā ngote
Ngā tikanga hē mō te whakarite, te penapena kai, me te wai
Te kore o te ma i te taiao
Te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate, ngā mate mauroa rānei
Ngā huarahi tuku me te ārai i te mate korere
I te nuinga o te wā, ka horapa ngā mate nā te ara tuarā-ringa-waha, me te inu wai kāore i te haumaru, me ngā kai kāore i te tino tunu. Me karo i te penapena anō i ngā kai kua whakamahana ki te pouaka makariri, me te kaukau ki ngā puna kaukau kāore i te ma, me te inu miraka kāore i te pāmuhi. Me ū ki ngā tikanga ma i te whakarite me te mahi kai, me tunu tika ngā kai, me kai hou tonu.
Āhea me rapu āwhina rata?
Mēnā ka puta ēnei āhuatanga, me rapu wawe i te āwhina hauora:
He maha, he nui hoki te tuarā wai
Kāore e taea te inu wai, te tino ngoikore rānei
Te pāmahana neke atu i te 38°C
Te ruaki anō, te piki haere rānei
Te toto i te tuarā
Te heke o te mimi, te tangi kāore he roimata, te kiri maroke, te kiri kōpiko
Me tino āta tiaki i te hunga kaumātua, pēpi, me te hunga mate mauroa.
He aha ngā tikanga whakamahia mō te tautuhi?
I te tautuhi, ka arotakehia te roa o ngā tohu, ngā hītori haerenga, ngā rongoā i whakamahia tata nei, me ngā tikanga kai. E ai ki te momo mate korere, ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau tuarā, ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga, me ngā tikanga tirohanga mēnā e tika ana. Ki te mate korere mauroa, ka rapu i ngā take taketake mā ngā whakamātautau hōhonu ake.
Ngā huarahi rongoā
Ko te whāinga i te mate korere tīmatanga (kōpū ohorere) ko te whakakī anō i ngā wai me ngā kohuke kua ngaro, me te tiaki i te āhua whānui o te tangata. Mā te rongoā paturopi anake i raro i te tohutohu a te rata, ā, mō ngā take mate motuhake e tika ana te whakamahi. Me haere tonu te kai, ā, me āta mātaki i ngā tohu o te ngaro wai. I ngā āhuatanga taumaha, ka taea te tuku rongoā wai mā te ara uaua. Mēnā kua kitea tētahi mate mauroa, ka whakaritea te maimoatanga kia hāngai ki te take matua. Ngā Tikanga Ārai i te Mate Korere
Te whakapakari i ngā tikanga parukore me te horoi ringa
Te inu wai haumaru, mā, me te kai i ngā kai kua tino tunua
Te whiriwhiri i te miraka me ngā hua miraka kua pāmuatia
Te āta mātaki i ngā kai ka kainga ki waho, otirā i te wā o te raumati
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. He aha te mate korere, ā, āhea ka raru?
Ko te mate korere he āhua ka waiwai, ka ngoikore, ka maha hoki te tuwhenua. Mēnā ka puta te wera nui, te tino hiainu, te tuwhenua toto, te ngaronga tere o te taumaha, te kore e taea te inu wai i te tamaiti/pēpi nā te ruaki, me rapu āwhina ohotata.
2. Me aha i te mate korere o te pēpi?
He mea nui te whakakī anō i ngā wai me ngā kohuke kua ngaro, te whakapiki i te ū, me te hoatu o te otinga rehydration ā-waha i raro i te tohutohu a te rata. Me rapu tonu i te rata mēnā ka puta ngā tohu taumaha.
3. He aha te take o te mate korere i ngā tamariki?
Ko te nuinga o ngā take i ngā tamariki he huaketo (hei tauira, rotavirus, norovirus). Ka taea hoki te wai paru, ngā kai kāore i te parukore, ētahi rongoā paturopi me ngā manawanui ki ētahi kai te take o te mate korere.
4. Me pēhea te ārai i te mate korere?
Me horoi i ngā ringa i ngā wā katoa, me inu i te wai haumaru, me kai i ngā kai kua tino tunua, me karo i ngā hua miraka kāore i pāmuatia.
5. Me pēhea te rongoā i te mate korere i te kāinga?
I te mate korere māmā, waenga rānei, me nui te hoatu wai hei ārai i te ngaronga wai, me whiriwhiri i ngā kai māmā ki te kōnatunatu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā probiotic, konukawata rānei i raro i te tohutohu a te rata.
6. He aha ngā tohu o te ngaronga wai?
Ko te maroke o te waha me te kiri, te iti o te mimi, te mimi parauri, te hekenga o te roimata, te ngoikore, me te koretake/huringa o te hinengaro i ngā tamariki he tohu matua o te ngaronga wai.
7. He aha ngā kai pai mō te mate korere?
E taunaki ana te panana, te raihi, te rīwai kohua, te miraka pē, te miraka wai, me te parāoa hei puna warowaihā māmā me te pūmua. He mea nui te whakapiki i te inu wai i ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke.
8. Ka taea e ngā paturopi te take i te mate korere?
Āe, ka taea e ētahi paturopi te whakararuraru i te tipu o te puku, ka puta ai te mate korere. Kaua e whakamahi paturopi mehemea kāore i tohutohungia e te rata.
9. Āhea au me haere ki te rata?
Mēnā he tino mate korere, he ruaki, he wera nui, he tuwhenua toto, he kore e taea te inu wai, he tohu ngaronga wai rānei, me haere tonu ki te whare hauora.
10. He aha te mate korere mauroa, ā, i ngāhea mate ka kitea?
Ko te mate korere e roa ake ana i te whā wiki ka kīia he "mauroa", ā, he maha ka pā ki te mate riri puku, te mate kōkihi, te mate mumura puku rānei.
11. He pai ngā probiotic mō te mate korere?
E ai ki ētahi rangahau, ka taea e ngā probiotic te whakaiti i te roa o te mate korere ohorere, te tautoko hoki i te tipu o te puku; engari me whai tohutohu tonu i te mātanga i mua i te whakamahi.
12. Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he mate korere ka pā atu?
He maha ngā mate korere nā te mate urutā (hei tauira, rotavirus, norovirus) ka pā atu. He mea nui te parukore o ngā ringa me te kore tiritiri i ngā taonga whaiaro.
13. He aha ngā rongoā ka takea ai te mate korere?
Ko te nuinga ko ngā paturopi, ētahi rongoā puku, me ngā rongoā rongoā mate pukupuku ka takea ai te mate korere; me pātai ki tō rata i mua i te whakamutu i te rongoā.
14. Me inu pēhea te nui o te wai i te ngaronga wai?
Me whakakī anō mā te wai me ngā otinga rehydration ā-waha kua whakaritea. Ka taea e tō rata tamariki te kī i te nui o te wai mō ia hāora, mō ia tuwhenua rānei.
15. Āhea me whakamutu te kai i te mate korere?
I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taunakihia te whakamutu kai. I te tino ruaki me te kore e taea te inu wai, me whakarite te kai i raro i te aroturuki a te rata.
Ngā Pūtake
Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO): Pepa Mōhiohio mō te Mate Korere
Te Pokapū Manaaki me te Ārai Mate o Amerika (CDC): Mate Korere – Tirohanga Whānui
Te Rōpū Pākehā mō te Gastroenterology, Hepatology me te Kai Tamariki (ESPGHAN) Ngā Aratohu
Te Hautaka New England Journal of Medicine: Te Whakahaere i te Mate Korere Ohotata i ngā Tamariki
Te American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Te Maimoatanga Rehydration ā-Waha mō ngā Pēpi me ngā Tamariki
Ko ngā mōhiohio katoa i tēnei tuhinga, e hāngai ana ki ngā aratohu haumanu hou me ngā pūtake pono. I ngā tukanga aromatawai me te maimoatanga, me pātai tonu ki tētahi mātanga hauora.