Isimo Sokulala Ngokuqhubekayo (iHipersomnia) Nezizathu Zaso: Iimeko Ezichaphazela Ubomi Bomntu

Umnqweno wokulala rhoqo, kwiincwadi zonyango ubizwa rhoqo ngokuba yi-hipersomnia. Le meko ibonakala ngokuba umntu eziva enomnqweno omkhulu wokulala nangemini, esokola ukuhlala evukile nokuzalisekisa uxanduva lwemihla ngemihla. I-Hipersomnia inokunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kwaye ihlala ifuna uncedo lwezempilo lobuchwephesha. Kolu xwebhu, sixubusha unxulumano lwemeko yokulala rhoqo nezinye iimeko zempilo kunye neendlela zolawulo, kunye nezizathu eziqhelekileyo.

Zeziphi Izizathu Ezikhulu Zomnqweno Wokulala Rhoqo?

1. Yintoni i-Hipersomnia?

I-Hipersomnia yimeko yokuphazamiseka kokulala echazwa ngumnqweno wokulala rhoqo kwaye ibangela ukuba umntu azive elambatha emini. Le meko inokuqwalaselwa phantsi kweentloko ezimbini eziphambili: I-hipersomnia engaziwayo (idiopathic) kunye ne-hipersomnia yesibini (sekonder). I-hipersomnia engaziwayo yenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo kwaye ibonakala ngokuba umntu avuke ediniwe nangona elele ixesha elide ebusuku. I-Hipersomnia inokuchaphazela kakubi ubomi bentlalo nomsebenzi womntu, inciphise umgangatho wobomi. Kubalulekile uvavanyo lochwephesha ekufumaneni nasekunyangeni.

2. Iziqhwithi Zokulala Ezibangelwa Yi-Narkolepsi

I-Narkolepsi yimeko ephazamisayo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lomjikelo wokulala-nokuvuka ebuchotsheni. Abaguli bajongana neziqhwithi zokulala ezingalindelekanga, ezizezomzuzwana kwaye zingalawulekiyo. Kwi-narkolepsi, ukulahleka kokuqwalaselwa kwemisipha (katapleksi), ukungakwazi ukuhamba xa ulala okanye uvuka (ukubanjwa bubuthongo), kunye nemibono efana namaphupha okwenyani (i-hallucinations) nako kunokwenzeka. I-Narkolepsi ifuna ukongamela kwezonyango kuba ingasongamela ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla nokhuseleko lomntu.

3. Uxinzelelo Lwengqondo kunye Nokwanda Komnqweno Wokulala

Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ngakumbi uxinzelelo lwengqondo (depression), zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nomnqweno wokulala ogqithisileyo. Kubantu abane-depression, ukudinwa okungapheliyo, ukuncipha kwamandla, kunye nomnqweno wokulala rhoqo emini kuqhelekile. Ukuphazamiseka kolawulo lokulala kunokubonakala njenge-insomnia (ukungakwazi ukulala) okanye i-hipersomnia. Unyango lunokubandakanya inkxaso yengqondo kunye namayeza xa kuyimfuneko.

4. Isifo Sokudinwa Okungapheliyo (CFS)

Isifo sokudinwa okungapheliyo sichazwa kukudinwa okungapheliyo okungapheliyo nangona uphumle, kwaye isizathu saso asicacanga. Nangona umntu elele ngokwaneleyo, angaziva ephumle; ukongeza, iintlungu zemisipha neentloko, iingxaki zokugxila kunye neengxaki zememori zinokwenzeka. Xa kusoloko kukho i-CFS, kucetyiswa ukuba kuphandwe nezinye izizathu ezingaphantsi.

5. I-Sleep Apnea: Isizathu Sokulala Okungagqibelelanga

I-Sleep apnea yimeko ephazamiseka kukuma okufutshane kokuphefumla ngexesha lokulala. Ngenxa yezi ziqhwithi, umntu uphaphama rhoqo ebusuku, kwaye ukulala akuphumlisi; oku kubangela ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye nomnqweno wokulala emini. Unyango lwe-sleep apnea aluphuculi kuphela umgangatho wokulala, kodwa lubalulekile ekunciphiseni imingcipheko yezempilo efana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo sentliziyo.

6. Iingxaki Zokusebenza Kwe-Thyroid kunye Nokudinwa Okungapheliyo

I-Thyroid ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula i-metabolism. Ingakumbi xa i-thyroid ingasebenzi kakuhle (hypothyroidism), imveliso yamandla emzimbeni iyancipha. Ngenxa yoko, ukudinwa, ubuthathaka kunye nomnqweno wokulala rhoqo kuqhelekile. I-Hypothyroidism inokulawulwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

7. I-Anemia (Ukungabikho Kwegazi) kunye Nokuncipha Kwamandla

I-Anemia ithetha ukuba umzimba awunazo iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zaneleyo. Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zithwala ioksijini, kwaye xa amalungu omzimba engafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, ukudinwa kunye nomnqweno wokulala kunokwenzeka. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-anemia kukunqongophala kwesinyithi. Unyango olufanelekileyo luhlala lunciphisa izikhalazo.

8. Ifuthe Lesifo Seswekile Ekudinweni

Isifo seswekile yimeko engapheliyo apho umzimba usokola ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo. Amanqanaba eswekile angazinzanga aphazamisa imveliso yamandla efunekayo kwiiseli. Oku kubangela ukudinwa komzimba nengqondo kunye nomnqweno wokulala rhoqo. Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwesifo seswekile lunciphisa kakhulu ezi ngxaki.

Umnqweno Wokulala Rhoqo Kufuneka Uqwalaselwe Nini?

Wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, ngamanye amaxesha angaziva ediniwe okanye elambatha. Kodwa ukuba le meko iba yinto eqhelekileyo, inciphisa umgangatho wobomi kunye nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla ngokucacileyo; uvavanyo lwezempilo luyimfuneko. Emva kokuba izizathu ezingaphantsi zichongiwe, unyango olufanelekileyo okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila luhlala lunciphisa izikhalazo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

1. Ukuba ndilala rhoqo, ingaba oku kubonisa ingxaki yezempilo enzulu?

Umnqweno wokulala rhoqo ngamanye amaxesha unokunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezinxulumene nendlela yokuphila; kodwa unokubangelwa yingxaki yezempilo engaphantsi. Ingakumbi ukuba isikhalazo sakho sichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kufuneka ujonge ugqirha wezempilo.

2. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-hipersomnia kunye ne-narkolepsi?

I-Hipersomnia ichazwa kukulala okugqithisileyo emini; i-narkolepsi ihamba neziqhwithi zokulala ezingalawulekiyo kunye nokulahleka kolawulo lwemisipha. I-Narkolepsi yimeko enzima ngakumbi ye-neurology.

3. Zithini iimpembelelo zoxinzelelo lwengqondo kulawulo lokulala?

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo lungabonakala njenge-insomnia (ukungakwazi ukulala) okanye i-hipersomnia (ukulala okugqithisileyo). Ukudinwa ekuseni, ukungabikho kwamandla emini nazo ziqhelekile.

4. Ingaba i-sleep apnea iyanyangeka?

Ewe, i-sleep apnea yimeko enokunyangwa. Iindlela zonyango zibandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, izixhobo zomoya (CPAP), izixhobo zomlomo kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango xa kuyimfuneko.

5. Yintoni unxulumano phakathi kwesifo sokudinwa okungapheliyo kunye nomnqweno wokulala rhoqo?

Kubantu abanesifo sokudinwa okungapheliyo, ukudinwa okungapheliyo nangona bephumle kunye nomnqweno wokulala rhoqo kuqhelekile. Kodwa ukulala rhoqo kunokubangelwa nezinye izizathu.

6. Ndiyazi njani ukuba ndine-anemia?

Iimpawu ze-anemia ziquka ukudinwa okungapheliyo, ubuthathaka, ulusu olukhanyayo kunye nokudinwa ngokukhawuleza. Uvavanyo lwegazi luyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa.

7. Iingxaki ze-thyroid zichaphazela njani ulawulo lokulala?

Xa i-thyroid ingavelisi iihomoni ezaneleyo (hypothyroidism), amanqanaba wamandla ancipha kakhulu kwaye umnqweno wokulala uyanda. Unyango olufanelekileyo luhlala lunciphisa izikhalazo.

8. Ulawulo lwesifo seswekile lunciphisa ukudinwa kwam?

Ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini ezinzile kuphakamisa amanqanaba wamandla kwaye kunciphisa umnqweno wokulala.

9. Kutheni ndihlala ndidina nangona ndilala kakhulu?

Le meko inokuba nezizathu ezininzi: i-sleep apnea, uxinzelelo lwengqondo, iingxaki ze-thyroid, i-anemia okanye ezinye izifo ze-metabolism. Ukuba izikhalazo zakho zihlala ixesha elide, nceda ubonane nogqirha wakho.

10. Ndingazenza ntoni ngokwam?

Zama ukufumana imikhwa yokulala esemgangathweni, ukutya okulinganiselweyo, kunye nokunyamekela umsebenzi womzimba. Kodwa ukuba izikhalazo zakho ziyaqhubeka, funa uncedo lwezempilo lobuchwephesha.

11. Ingaba umnqweno wokulala rhoqo uqhelekile kubantu abadala?

Utshintsho kulawulo lokulala lunokwenzeka ngokukhula, kodwa i-hipersomnia eqhubekayo ingabonisa ingxaki yezempilo. Ingakumbi ukuba iqala kutsha, uvavanyo lwezempilo luyacetyiswa.

12. Ingaba umnqweno wokulala rhoqo unokwenzeka nakubantwana?

Ewe, ukulala okugqithisileyo kubantwana kunokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba utshintsho luhlala ixesha elide okanye luyenzeka ngesiquphe, kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha wabantwana.

13. Ziziphi ezinye izifo ezinokubangela umnqweno wokulala rhoqo?

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga, iintsholongwane ezingapheliyo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza athile kunye nezinye izifo ze-neurology nazo zinokubangela le ngxaki.

Imithombo

• Umbutho Wezempilo Wehlabathi (WHO) – Inyani Ngeengxaki Zokulala

• Umbutho WaseMelika Wezengxaki Zokulala (AASM) – Ukuhlelwa kunye Nolawulo Lwezifo Zokulala

• Iziko LaseMelika Lolawulo Nokuthintela Izifo (CDC) – Izixhobo Zesifo Sokudinwa Okungapheliyo

• Umbutho WaseMelika Wezengqondo (APA) – Iimigangatho Yovavanyo Loxinzelelo Olukhulu Lwengqondo

• Umbutho WaseMelika Wezifo Seswekile (ADA) – IziKhokelo Zolawulo Lwesifo Seswekile

• Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine – Uphengululo lwe-Hipersomnia kunye ne-Narkolepsi