Ko e hā e Mahaki Faka'auha Faka'otua? Ko e hā hono ngaahi faka'ilonga mo e ngaahi 'uhinga? Pehē fēfē hono faito'o 'i he founga fakamuimui?
Koe hā ʻae ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto, mo e ngaahi ʻuhinga? Koe hā ʻae ngaahi founga fakamuimui ki he faitoʻo?
Koe mahaki fakamalohi loto, ko ha tuʻunga fuoloa ʻoku hoko ʻi he mole ʻo e ʻokiseni mo e meʻakai ki he kakano ʻo e loto, pea ʻoku fiemaʻu ai ha tokoni vave. ʻI he lea fakafaitoʻo, ko e miyokati infakitusī, ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko ʻi he mole ʻo ha tapuni fakavavevave ʻo e ngaahi vena kolonea ʻoku fafanga ki he loto. ʻOku hoko ʻa e tapuni ko ʻeni ʻi he mole ʻo e ngaahi peleka ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi puipui ʻo e vena, ʻoku fakakakato mei he ngako, kolosetelo mo e ngaahi meʻa kehe, pea kapau ʻe māvae ʻa e peleka pe hoko ha pihisi toto ʻi ai, ʻe lava ke tapuni kakato pe ke tapuni siʻi ʻa e vena. ʻOku malava ke fakasiʻi ʻa e fakatamaki ki he loto ʻaki ha vave ʻo e fakatokanga mo e faitoʻo.
Fakamatala mo e ngaahi ʻUhinga Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Mahaki Fakamalohi Loto
Koe mahaki fakamalohi loto; ʻoku hoko ʻi he mole ʻo e mole ʻo e ʻokiseni ki he kakano ʻo e loto, pea ʻoku fakatupu ai ha fakatamaki ki he kakano loto. Ko e tuʻunga ko ʻeni, ʻoku lahi hono hoko ʻi he mole ʻo e siʻisiʻi pe tapuni fakavavevave ʻo e vena kolonea. ʻOku lava ke fakasiʻi ʻa e vena ʻe he ngaahi peleka ʻoku fakapikopiko ʻi he puipui ʻo e vena, pea kapau ʻe māvae, ʻe fakakakato ai ha pihisi toto pea tapuni fakavavevave ʻa e toto ki he loto. Kapau ʻe ʻikai vave ke tatala ʻa e tapuni ko ʻeni, ʻe hoko ʻa e kakano loto ke mole taʻe toe lava ke fakafoki mai, pea ʻe siʻisiʻi ʻa e mālohi ʻo e loto ke tā, ko e mahaki loto taʻe malohi. ʻOku kei hoko pe ʻa e mahaki fakamalohi loto ko ha taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi taha ʻo e mate ʻi māmani. ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi, ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e mate mei he mahaki fakamalohi loto ʻi he ngaahi mate mei he ngaahi faingataʻa feʻaveʻaki.
Koe hā ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga lahi taha ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto?
ʻOku malava ke kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto mei he tokotaha ki ha tokotaha, pea ʻoku malava ke ʻikai mahino lelei ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga. Koe ngaahi fakaʻilonga lahi taha ko ʻeni:
Fakamoʻoni pe mamahi ʻi he uma: Fakamālohi, fakapikopiko, fokotuʻu pe mamafa ʻi he loto ʻo e uma; ʻoku malava ke holo ki he nima toʻohema, ua, telinga, tuʻunga pe konga loto.
Fakaʻuli huhu: ʻOku malava ke hoko fakataha mo e mamahi uma pe pehe pē.
Fakamālohi: ʻOku lahi hono hoko ʻa e fakamālohi momoko mo e fakamālohi lahi.
Fakavaivai mo e fiemaʻu malōlō: ʻOku malava ke hoko ʻa e fiemaʻu malōlō ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ki muʻa pea lahi hono hoko ʻi he kakai fefine.
Fakaʻuli ulu pe ongoʻi taʻe mālie
Fakaʻuli manava, fakamamahi pe taʻe lelei hono mohe
Fakaʻuli loto taʻe fakahoko mo taʻe ʻosi ʻi he ngaue
Fakaʻuli ʻo e tā loto vave pe taʻe mātuʻaki totonu
Mamahi ʻi he tuʻunga, tauʻau pe konga loto ʻi ʻolunga, ʻoku lahi hono hoko ʻi he kakai fefine.
Fakaʻuli hūhū pe faingataʻa huhu taʻe ʻuhinga
Fakatuputupuaʻi ʻi he vaʻe, vaʻe lalo pe huhu (ʻoku lahi ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi ange) ʻOku malava ke siʻi pe lahi ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ʻosi ʻa e mamahi uma mo e fakaʻuli huhu ʻi he miniti siʻi pe toe hoko, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke kumi vave ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo.
Ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi Fakaʻilonga ʻi he ngaahi kulupu kehekehe
ʻI he kakai fefine mo e toʻutupu, ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻa e mahaki fakamalohi loto taʻe ʻi ai ha mamahi uma. ʻI he kakai fefine, ʻoku lahi ʻa e fakavaivai, mamahi tuʻunga, fakaʻuli manava, faingataʻa mohe mo e manavahē. ʻI he kau motuʻa pe kau mahaki suka, ʻoku siʻi ʻa e ongoʻi mamahi, ka ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻa e fakavaivai fakavave pe fakaʻuli huhu ko e fakaʻilonga kamataʻanga.
Koe mamahi uma ʻi he pō pe taimi mohe, loto tā vave, fakamālohi momoko mo e fakaʻuli mohe fakavave, ʻoku malava ke hoko ko e fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto ʻoku hoko ʻi he mohe.
Koe hā ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki lahi taha ʻoku fakatupu ai e mahaki fakamalohi loto?
ʻOku tokolahi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki ʻoku kau atu ʻi he tupu ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto, pea ʻoku lahi hono hoko fakataha. Koe ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki lahi taha ko ʻeni:
Fakamoʻui tapaka mo e ngaahi koloa tapaka
Kolosetelo lahi (ʻaupito ʻa e kolosetelo LDL)
Huhu toto lahi (haipetensio)
Mahaki suka
Fakatuputupuaʻi mamafa mo e taʻe ngaue fakakakato
ʻKai taʻe lelei (ʻikai ʻi ai ha fibre, lahi ʻa e ngako mo e trans fat)
Talanoa mahaki loto ʻi he famili ʻi he vahaʻa taimi siʻi
Fakaʻuli loto mo e ngaahi faingataʻa fakalaumālie
Tuʻunga motuʻa (ʻoku lahi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he motuʻa)
Kakai tangata (ka ʻoku lahi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he kakai fefine hili e menopause) Ko e ngaahi fakamoʻoni fakalabotorī (C-reaktive protein, homosisteini) ʻoku malava ke fakahā ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki lahi. ʻI he faitoʻo fakamuimui, ʻoku tokoni ʻa e ngaahi founga faitoʻo mo e liliu ʻo e moʻui ki he kakai mamafa ke fakasiʻi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki.
Koe hā ʻae founga ke fakapapauʻi ai e mahaki fakamalohi loto?
Koe lahi taha ʻo e founga fakapapauʻi, ko e vakai ki he ngaahi fakaʻilonga mo e tuʻunga ʻo e mahaki. Hili ia, ʻoku fai ʻa e ngaahi sivi ko ʻeni:
Elekitokatiokafi (EKG): ʻOku fakahā ʻa e liliu ʻi he ngaue fakaʻuhila ʻo e loto ʻi he taimi ʻo e mahaki.
Sivi toto: ʻOku tokoni ʻa e hiki ʻo e ngaahi enisaimi mo e ngaahi protein mei he loto (hange ko e troponin) ki he fakapapauʻi.
Ekokatiokafi: ʻOku vakai ki he mālohi ʻo e loto ke tā mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e ngaue.
Koe ngaahi sivi kehe hange ko e sivi ata huhu, tomografi pe ata fakafaitoʻo ʻoku malava ke ngāueʻaki.
Kolonea ʻanisiografi: Ke fakapapauʻi mo faitoʻo ʻa e tapuni pe siʻisiʻi ʻo e vena. ʻI he taimi ʻo e founga, ʻoku malava ke tatala ʻa e vena ʻaki ha paloni pe stent.
Koe hā ʻa e ngaahi meʻa totonu ke fai ʻi he kamataʻanga ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto?
Koe taimi ʻoku mahuʻinga taha ki he tokotaha ʻoku ongoʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto. Koe ngaahi sitepu totonu ko ʻeni:
Kumi vave ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo (ui ha ambulansi pe vahe fakavavevave)
Nofo mālie, taʻe ngaue lahi
Kapu ʻi he nofo tokotaha, tauhi ke tatala ʻa e matapihi pe kumi tokoni mei he kakaí
Kapau naʻe fakahā ʻe he toketā, ngāueʻaki e ngaahi faitoʻo hange ko e nitrogliserini
Tali ke aʻu ʻa e timi fakafaitoʻo, ʻoua ʻe fai ha ngaue lahi pe manavahē. Koe tokoni vave mo totonu ʻi he taimi ʻo e mahaki, ʻoku fakasiʻi ai ʻa e fakatamaki ki he loto pea fakalahi ʻa e faingamālie moʻui.
Founga Faitoʻo Fakamuimui ki he Mahaki Fakamalohi Loto
ʻI he faitoʻo fakamuimui, ʻoku fakahoko ʻa e faitoʻo ʻo fakatatau ki he faingataʻa, tuʻunga mo e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki ʻoku ʻi ai. Koe ngaahi sitepu lahi taha ko ʻeni:
Fakamalohi vave ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo tatala vena mo e faitoʻo fakasiʻi toto
Founga kolonea vave (anjiyopilasi, stent) ʻoku lahi hono fili ʻi he kamataʻanga
Kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu, fai ha ʻopereisini paipa pasī ke fakafoki ʻa e vena tapuni ʻaki ha vena lelei
Hili e mole ʻo e fakatuʻutāmaki, liliu ʻo e moʻui, ngāueʻaki faitoʻo mo e puleʻi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki
Taʻofi tapaka, kai lelei mo fakafiemālie, ngaue fakakakato, puleʻi e manavahē mo e puleʻi e suka mo e huhu toto kapau ʻoku ʻi ai. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke muimui ki he ngaahi faleʻi ʻa e kau toketā fakaloto mo e kau toketā ʻopereisini vena loto, pea fai ngāue ki he vakai tuʻutuʻuni.
Koe hā ʻa e ngaahi founga ke maluʻi ai mei he mahaki fakamalohi loto?
ʻOku malava ke fakasiʻi lahi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻaki ha liliu ʻo e moʻui:
Taʻofi tapaka mo e ngaahi koloa tapaka
Kai kolosetelo siʻi, lahi ʻa e vesitapolo mo e fibre, siʻi ʻa e ngako mo e koloa ngaohi
Fai ngaue fakakakato tuʻuloa; fakahā ke fai ʻi he uike kotoa ʻe 150 miniti ʻo e ngaue fakakakato māʻulalo
Puleʻi e huhu toto mo e suka; kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu, fakahoko tuʻuloa ʻa e faitoʻo
Kumi tokoni fakapolofesinale ke fakasiʻi e mamafa kapau ʻoku mamafa pe obese
Ako e puleʻi manavahē mo ngāueʻaki e ngaahi tokoni fakalaumālie. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e ngaahi founga ko ʻeni ke fakasiʻi ʻa e mate mei he mahaki loto ʻi māmani.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi Fakaʻataʻata
Koe mahaki fakamalohi loto ʻoku lahi hono hoko ʻi he ngaahi taʻu fe?
ʻOku lahi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e mahaki fakamalohi loto ʻi he motuʻa. Ka ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻi he toʻutupu ʻi he ʻuhinga fakafamili, suka, tapaka mo e founga moʻui.
ʻOku malava ke hoko ʻa e mahaki fakamalohi loto taʻe mamahi uma?
ʻIo. ʻI he kakai fefine, kau mahaki suka mo e kau motuʻa, ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻa e mahaki fakamalohi loto taʻe mamahi uma. Fakatokanga ki he fakavaivai, fakaʻuli huhu, manava pe mamahi tuʻunga.
‘E lava ke hoko ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto he po pe taimi ‘oku mohe ai ha taha?
‘Io, ‘e lava ke hoko ‘a e fakatamaki ‘o e loto he taimi ‘oku mohe ai ha taha pe he pongipongi. Kapau ‘oku ke puke vave he mamahi ‘o e uma, loto vave pe mamahi ‘o e ulu mei he mohe, ‘oku totonu ke ke ‘alu vave ki he tokoni fakafaito’o.
‘Oku kehe ‘a e ngaahi faka’ilonga ‘o e fakatamaki ‘o e loto ‘i he kakai fefine mei he kakai tangata?
‘I he kakai fefine, ‘e lava ke ‘ikai ha mamahi ‘o e uma, ka ‘i ai ha vaivai, mamahi ‘i he tu’a pe konga ‘o e konga, molea, pe puke, pea ‘e lava ke kehe ‘a e ngaahi faka’ilonga.
Ko e hā e ngaahi tu’unga ‘e lava ke fakafehoanaki mo e fakatamaki ‘o e loto?
Ko e ngaahi mahaki hange ko e mahaki ‘o e manava, fakapikopiko, mamahi ‘o e sino mo e hui, reflux mo e pneumonia, ‘e lava ke nau ‘oatu ha ngaahi faka’ilonga ‘oku hangē ko e fakatamaki ‘o e loto. Kapau ‘oku ‘i ai ha fehu’i, ‘oku totonu ke fai ha vakai fakafaito’o.
‘Oku totonu ke inu ‘a e aspirin taimi ‘oku hoko ai ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto?
Kapu ‘oku fakahoko ‘e ho’o tokotaha faito’o pea ‘ikai ha allēsi, ‘e lava ke tokoni ‘a e inu ‘o e aspirin kae toki ha tokoni fakavavevave. Ka ko e me’a mahu’inga taha, ke kumi tokoni fakafaito’o.
‘Oku lava ke toe mo’ui lelei ‘a e taha hili ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto?
Ko e tokolahi ‘o e kakai ‘oku nau ma’u ha tokoni vave, pea mo e faito’o totonu mo e liliu ‘o e mo’ui, ‘e lava ke nau toe mo’ui lelei. Ka ‘i he ngaahi tu’unga kehe, ‘e lava ke mole ha ngaahi ngaue ‘o e loto.
Ko e hā e ngaahi ‘uhinga ‘o e fakatamaki ‘o e loto ‘i he kakai talavou?
‘I he kakai talavou, ko e paipa, kolestolo ma’olunga, mamafa lahi, nofo-nofo, mo e ngaahi fa’ahinga kaveinga ‘o e ngaahi ala toto, ‘e lava ke fakahoko ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto.
Ke malu’i mei he fakatamaki ‘o e loto, ko e hā e ngaahi me’a ‘oku totonu ke tokanga ki ai ‘i he me’akai?
Koe’uhi ke malu’i, ‘oku totonu ke fili e vesitapolo, fua’i’akau, ngaahi me’akai ‘o e konga kotoa, ika mo e ngaahi lolo mo’ui lelei; pea ke fakangatangata e ngaahi lolo ‘oku fakafonu, lolo trans, masima mo e suka.
Hili ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto, ko e taimi fe ‘oku totonu ke kamata ai ha faingamalie?
Ko e polokalama faingamalie hili ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto, ‘oku totonu ke kamata ‘i he vakai ‘a e tokotaha faito’o mo e fakafuofua ‘o e risiki fakatautaha.
Ko e taimi fiha ‘e nofo ai ha taha ‘i he falemahaki hili ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto?
‘Oku fakangatangata ‘a e taimi ni ‘i he lahi ‘o e fakatamaki mo e ngaahi faito’o ‘oku fai. Ko e tokolahi, ‘e nofo ‘i he falemahaki ‘i he ngaahi ‘aho si’i pe taha uike.
Kapau ‘oku ‘i ai ha mahaki loto ‘i he famili, ko e hā ‘oku totonu ke fai?
Ko e hisitolia famili ko ha risiki mahu’inga ia. ‘Oku totonu ke ‘oua ‘e paipa, kai mo’ui lelei, fai faingamalie fakahoko, pea kapau ‘oku fiema’u, fai vakai loto fakafonua.
‘E lava ke fakatupu ha fakatamaki ‘o e loto ‘a e fakamamahi?
Ko e fakamamahi lahi, ‘e lava ke fakalahi ‘a e risiki ‘o e fakatamaki ‘o e loto. ‘Oku lelei ke feinga ke alo kehe mei he fakamamahi pe ngaue’aki ha founga lelei ke fehangahangai ai.
Kau Ngaahi Koloa
World Health Organization (WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.
American Heart Association (AHA): Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery.
European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Heart Disease Facts.
New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Ngaahi tohi fakafaito’o fakapule’anga).