Fakatuʻutāmaki Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Loto: Hā ʻo e Uhinga, ngaahi Fakatātā mo e Founga Fakatokanga

Ko e hā ʻa e Maama ʻo e Maama mo hono Fakatupulaki?

Ko e maama, ʻi he lea fakafaitoʻo ʻoku ui ko e "miyokard enfarktüsü" pea ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku puke ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻātā korona ʻoku fafanga ki he maama ʻi he taʻeʻamanaki pe ʻoku lahi ʻaupito hono fakangatangata pe fakangatangata lahi, ʻo ʻikai lava ai ke maʻu ʻe he ngaahi selo ʻo e maama ʻa e ʻea mo e toto ʻoku totonu. Ko e taʻe lava ʻo ʻomi ʻea mo e meʻakai ki he maama ʻi he taimi vave, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ai ha fakatamaki ʻoku ʻikai toe fakafoki mai ʻi he ngaahi miniti ʻi he ngaahi selo ʻo e maama. Ko e tuʻunga ko ʻeni ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakalahi ai ʻe he ngaahi meʻa huhuʻa, kolestelolo mo e ngaahi meʻa tatau ʻoku ui ko e "plak" ʻi he ngaahi puipui ʻo e huhuʻa, pea ʻoku nau fakangatangata pe fakatupu ha ngaahi mālohi ʻi he puipui ʻo e huhuʻa, ʻo fakatupu ai ha pihi. Kapau ʻe ʻikai ke fai ha tokanga vave mo totonu, ʻe fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e malohi ʻo e maama ke luelue, pea ʻi he kahaʻu ʻe lava ke hoko ha faingataʻa ʻo e maama.

Ko e maama, ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi taha ʻo e mate ʻi māmani pea ʻoku fiemaʻu ha tokanga fakafaitoʻo vave. ʻOku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo, kapau ʻe ʻikai ke faitoʻo ʻi he taimi totonu ʻa e maama, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ha ngaahi fakatamaki mo e ngaahi palopalema tumau ki he maama.

Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi Fakatātā ʻo e Maama?

ʻOku malava ke kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi fakatātā ʻo e maama mei he tokotaha ki he tokotaha. Ka ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻi lalo ko ʻeni ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko:

• Fakatuʻutāmaki pe fakangatangata ʻi he uma; ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ko ha mamafa pe fakapapā ʻi he uma.

• Ko e mamahi pe taʻe lelei ʻoku holo ki he nima toʻohema, ʻolunga ʻo e ua, tauolunga, tuʻasila, manava pe kaukaua.

• Taʻe māfana ʻo e manava mo e faingataʻa ʻi he hā.

• Fakamālohi ʻi he huhuʻa, pe ngaahi taimi fakavave ʻo e huhuʻa.

• Fakaʻilonga ʻo e luelue ʻo e maama pe taʻe mātuʻaki totonu ʻo e luelue ʻo e maama.

• Fakafiefia, pe hangē ko e fie hinga.

• Fakamamahi manava, manava vela, taʻe lelei ʻo e manava mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻi he sisitemi fakamanava.

• Fakafiemālie vave, vaivai, tautefito ki he taimi ʻoku ʻikai ke fai ha ngaue.

• Fakatuputupulekina ʻo e vae pe vae lalo.

• Vave, taʻe mātuʻaki totonu mo e malohi ʻo e luelue ʻo e maama.

• Taʻe mahino ʻa e taʻe lelei ʻi he uma pe ʻi he ngaahi konga ʻi ʻolunga ʻo e sino.

Ngaahi Fakatātā ʻo e Maama ʻi he Fafine

ʻI he fafine, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e maama ʻikai ha mamahi uma fakafaitoʻo. Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga kehekehe ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko ʻi he fafine ko ʻeni:

• Vaivai lahi mo e taʻe mahino hono ʻuhinga ʻi ha taimi loloa,

• Palopalema mohe mo e ngaahi taimi ʻo e manavahē (fepaki),

• Mamahi ʻi he tuʻasila ʻi ʻolunga, tauolunga pe manava lalo,

• Fakamamahi manava, taʻe lelei ʻo e manava mo e taʻe māfana ʻo e manava.

Kuo pau ke manatuʻi ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga taʻe masani ʻo e maama ʻi he fafine.

Ngaahi Fakatātā ʻo e Maama ʻi he Mohe

ʻOku malava ke hoko ʻa e maama ʻi he taimi mohe pea ʻikai ke mahino. ʻI he ngaahi maama ʻoku hoko ʻi he mohe, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni:

• Fakaʻilonga ʻo e taʻe lelei mo e fakangatangata ʻi he uma ʻi he taimi ne toe siofi ai,

• Taʻe mahino ʻo e luelue ʻo e maama,

• Fakamālohi ʻi he huhuʻa mo e ngaahi taimi fakavave ʻo e huhuʻa,

• Mamahi ʻoku holo ki he ua pe tauolunga,

• Fakafiefia mo e vaivai vave.

Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi ʻUhina Laumālie ʻo e Maama?

Ko e maama ʻoku mahino ʻoku hoko ʻi he taimi ʻoku puke ai ha taha pe lahi ange ʻo e ngaahi ʻātā korona. Ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi taha ko ʻeni:

• Aterosklerozisi (mafi ʻo e huhuʻa): ʻOku fakangatangata ʻa e huhuʻa ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakalahi ai ʻa e ngaahi plak huhuʻa mo e kolestelolo.

• Fakatauʻatāina ʻo e sigā mo e ngaahi koloa sigā: ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e faingataʻa ʻo e maama ʻi he kakai ʻoku inu sigā.

• Lahi ʻo e kolestelolo, tautefito ki he LDL (“kolestelolo kovi”).

• Diabete (maʻi suka): ʻOku fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e malohi ʻo e puipui ʻo e huhuʻa pea fakatupu ai ha palopalema.

• Lahi ʻo e toto (hipatensio).

• Fakaʻuli mo e taʻe fai ha ngaue fakasino totonu.

• ʻUhina fakafamili: Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha hisitolia ʻo e maama pe maama ʻi he famili.

• Taʻu: ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e faingataʻa ʻo e palopalema ʻi he taʻu lahi.

• Fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e homoni estrogen ʻi he fafine hili hono taʻu.

• Lahi ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e inflammation ʻi he toto (hange ko e C-reaktif protein, homosistein).

ʻI he tuʻunga ko ʻeni, ʻoku malava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakavave hange ko e fepaki, ngaue fakasino mamafa, ngaahi mālohi ʻi he puipui ʻo e huhuʻa pe fakatupu pihi.

Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi Fakatātā ʻo e Maama?

ʻI he fakafaitoʻo, ʻoku vahevahe ʻa e maama ki he ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe:

• STEMI (ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction): ʻOku tapuni katoatoa ʻa e ʻātā korona pea ʻoku hoko ha palopalema lahi ʻi he ngaahi selo lahi ʻo e maama pea ʻoku mahino ʻa e liliu ʻi he EKG.

• NSTEMI (ST Segment Elevation-ʻikai Myocardial Infarction): ʻOku ʻikai ke tapuni katoatoa ʻa e huhuʻa korona, ka ʻoku lahi hono fakangatangata, pea ʻoku ʻikai ke mahino ʻa e ST elevation ʻi he EKG.

• Korona spasimi (Unstable angina): ʻOku hoko ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakangatangata fakataimi ʻa e ʻātā korona. ʻOku faingofua ke ʻosi vave, ka ʻoku fiemaʻu ke vakai lelei.

Fakatokanga ki he Maama: Founga Fakatokanga

ʻI he kau mahaki ʻoku masalosalo ʻoku nau maama, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke vave mo fakatokanga lelei ʻa e founga fakatokanga. Ko e ngaahi meʻangāue fakatokanga ko ʻeni:

• Elektrokardiografi (EKG): ʻOku vakai ki he ngaue fakaʻuhila ʻo e maama pea ʻe lava ke fakahā ʻa e ngaahi liliu ʻoku fakapapauʻi ki he maama.

• Sivi toto: Tautefito ki he ngaahi enzyme mo e protein hange ko e troponin ʻoku fakahā ai ʻa e palopalema ʻo e maama.

• Founga fakatātā: Ekokardiografi (EKO), X-ray ʻo e huhuʻa, taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e CT pe MRI.

• Korona anjiografi: ʻOku fakahā mahino ʻa e feituʻu mo e lahi ʻo e fakangatangata. ʻE lava ke ngaue ki he faitoʻo.

Ko e hā ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻi he Maama?

ʻI he kamata ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e maama, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke vave ke fai ha ngaue. Ko e ngaahi sitepu ko ʻeni ʻoku fakahā:

• Kapu ʻoku mahamahaki uma, taʻe māfana ʻo e manava, vaivai vave, fakamamahi manava pe mamahi ʻoku holo ki he nima toʻohema, ke vave ke fetuʻutaki ki he kau tokoni fakafaitoʻo (ui ʻa e emergency).

• Kuo pau ke nofo hifo ʻa e tokotaha pea ʻoua naʻa fai ha ngaue fakasino lahi, pea ke nofo mālie.

• Kapu ʻoku nofo tokotaha, ke kole tokoni mei ha taha pe ke tauhi ke tuʻumaʻu ʻa e matapā ke vave ai ʻa e kau tokoni fakafaitoʻo.

• Ke muimui ki he ngaahi fakahinohino fakafaitoʻo kuo ʻosi mo ke tatali ki he kau ngaue fakafaitoʻo.

• ʻOua ʻe inu heʻene loto ʻa e ngaahi meʻa faitoʻo, ʻoua ʻe fai ha ngaue fakasino pe fakangata ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻi he manatu ʻe "fai pe ia".

Faitoʻo ʻo e Maama: Ko e hā e ngaahi Founga ʻoku Fai?

ʻOku fiemaʻu ʻe he maama ha vakai vave mo e faitoʻo vave. Ko e ngaahi sitepu vave ʻoku fakahā ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e palopalema ki he maama. Ko e ngaahi founga faitoʻo lahi ko ʻeni:

• ʻOku ʻomi vave ʻa e ngaahi meʻa faitoʻo fakafou huhuʻa mo e toto.

• Kapu ʻoku mahino ʻa e fakangatangata ʻi he korona anjiografi, ʻoku fai ʻa e "anjiyoplasti" (ngaue baluni) pe "stent" ke fakamālohi ʻa e huhuʻa.

• Kapu ʻi ha niʻihi, ʻoku fai ʻa e "bypass surgery" ʻaki ha huhuʻa mei ha konga kehe ʻo e sino ke fakafou atu ki tuʻa ʻo e fakangatangata.

• ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻa e ngaahi ngaue ko ʻeni ʻe ha cardiologist pe kau faitoʻo huhuʻa mo e maama.

Hili ha maama ʻoku fakatupu palopalema lahi, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fai ha faitoʻo taimi loloa mo e liliu ʻo e founga moʻui. Tautefito ke tuku ʻa e sigā, kai moʻui lelei, fai ha ngaue fakasino, puleʻi ʻa e diabete mo e toto, pea puleʻi ʻa e fepaki.

Ko e hā e ngaahi Founga ke Taʻe Maama?

• Ke ʻalo mei he sigā mo e ngaahi koloa sigā.

• Ke muimui ki ha kai moʻui lelei mo fakafiemālie; ke ʻalo mei he ngaahi meʻakai kuo ngāueʻaki, lahi ʻo e huhuʻa mo e masima.

• Fai ha ngaue fakasino (siʻi taha 150 miniti ʻi he uike ʻi ha ngaue fakasino lotoloto).

• Puleʻi ʻa e mamafa ʻo e sino.

• Vakilotoʻi taimi kotoa ʻa e toto, suka mo e kolestelolo.

• Kapu ʻoku fiemaʻu, fai ha check-up taimi kotoa mo e vakai fakafaitoʻo.

• Muimui ki he palani faitoʻo ʻo e ngaahi mahaki tumau (toto, diabete, kolestelolo lahi).

Ngaahi Fehuʻi ʻOku Fai Laumālie

ʻOku mahamahaki uma ʻa e kakai kotoa pē ʻoku nau maama?

ʻIkai, ko e mamahi ʻi he uma ko ha fakaʻilonga lahi ia ka ʻoku ʻikai ke tokotaha kotoa pe feʻiloaki mo e fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni. ʻA ia ʻi he ngaahi fefine, kakai ʻoku maʻu ʻenau suka pe kakai motuʻa, ʻe lava ke hoko mai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻoku ʻikai ke masani, hange ko e mole ʻea, vaivai pe ngaahi palopalema ʻi he manava.

ʻOku lelei ke inu ʻae aspirin ʻi he taimi ʻoku hoko ai ha kalepi?

ʻE lava ke tokoni ʻa e aspirin ki ha niʻihi ʻoku nau feʻiloaki mo e kalepi. Ka ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fakahoko ʻa e inu aspirin ʻi he fakahinohino fakafaitoʻo mo e fakahinohino ʻa e toketā, pea ʻoku ʻikai ke fakahaaʻi ke inu pe ʻa ia ʻi he taimi kotoa pe.

ʻOku toe ha taimi fiha ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e kalepi?

ʻI he taimi kehe, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga mei he miniti siʻi pe ki ha houa lahi. Pea ʻeveni kapau ʻoku mole ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga, ʻoku ʻikai ke mole kakato ʻa e faingamālie ʻo e kalepi. Ko ia ai, ʻoku totonu ke kumi tokoni fakafaitoʻo hangatonu pē ʻi he kamata ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga.

ʻOku tatau ʻa e kalepi mo e tuʻutāmaki ʻo e loto?

ʻIkai, ko e kalepi (miyokati enfaktus) ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki ha konga ʻo e kakano loto ʻoku ʻikai ke maʻu ʻene ʻokiseni; ko e tuʻutāmaki ʻo e loto (kātia aki) ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki he loto ʻoku tuku kakato ke ta. ʻE lava ke fakatupu ʻa e kalepi ke hoko ʻa e tuʻutāmaki ʻo e loto.

Ko e hā e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻi he taimi ʻoku hoko ai ha kalepi pea ʻoku ke tokotaha pē?

Kumi tokoni fakavavevave hangatonu pē, kumi tokoni mei ha taha ʻoku ofi kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu, pea nofo mālie mo ʻikai ngaue ʻo tatali ki he kau ngāue fakafaitoʻo ke nau aʻu mai.

Ko e hā ʻoku kehekehe ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e kalepi ʻi he fefine?

ʻI he fefine, ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻa e kalepi mo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻoku ʻikai ke masani koeʻuhī ko e ngaahi kehekehe fakahomoni mo fakafaitoʻo. ʻE lava ke hoko ʻa e vaivai, puke pe mamahi ʻi he tuʻasila ʻi he feituʻu ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga masani.

ʻOku ʻi ai ha faingamālie ʻo e kalepi ʻi he toʻutupu?

ʻIo, ʻeveni ʻoku siʻisiʻi, ka ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻa e kalepi ʻi he toʻutupu koeʻuhī ko e ngaahi tuʻunga fakafamili, ngaahi faingamālie pe ngaahi mahaki fakafaitoʻo.

ʻOku toe feinga ki he moʻui maʻolunga ʻi he taimi fe?

ʻI he taimi ko ʻeni, ʻoku totonu ke muimui ki he ngaahi fakahinohino ʻa e toketā ʻi he māʻolunga ʻo e kalepi mo e faitoʻo naʻe fai. ʻOku masani ke toe foki ki he moʻui maʻolunga ʻi he vahaʻa taimi, pea ʻoku mahuʻinga ke fai ha sio fakafaitoʻo tuʻuloa.

Ko e hā e ngaahi liliu ʻo e moʻui ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai e faingamālie?

Fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e sigā, kai lelei, fai ha ngāue fakasino tuʻuloa, puleʻi lelei ʻa e toto mo e suka, akoʻi e puleʻi ʻo e fakamamahi, ʻe lava ke fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ʻa e faingamālie ʻo e kalepi.

Ko e hā e meʻa ʻoku totonu ke fai kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha talanoa kalepi ʻi he famili?

Kapu ʻoku ʻi ai ha talanoa mahaki loto ʻi he famili, ʻoku totonu ke tokanga lahi ki ho moʻui mo ke fai ha sio fakafaitoʻo tuʻuloa.

ʻOku lava ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi palopalema manava ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e kalepi?

ʻIo, ʻi he niʻihi, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e puke manava, faingataʻa ʻi he manava, mamahi pe vela ʻi he manava ko ha fakaʻilonga ʻo e kalepi.

ʻOku uesia ʻe he liliu mamafa ʻa e faingamālie ʻo e kalepi?

Ko e mamafa ʻoku ʻikai ke mahino pe ʻoku lahi hake pe holo, ʻe lava ke fakatupu ha mahaki loto ʻi he taimi loloa. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke tauhi ha mamafa totonu.

ʻOku lava ke fakahā mai ʻa e faingamālie ʻo e kalepi ʻaki ha check-up?

ʻOku tokoni ʻa e sio fakafaitoʻo tuʻuloa mo e check-up ke vave fakahā mai ʻa e ngaahi faingamālie ʻo e kalepi pea tokoni ki he ngaahi puipuituʻa.

Ngaahi Ngaahi Konga Fakamālie

• Kautaha Māʻolunga ʻo e Māmani (WHO) – Ngaahi Mahaki Loto mo e Tautautefito

• Kautaha Loto ʻo ʻAmelika (AHA) – Ngaahi Fakaʻilonga mo e Fakatokangaʻi ʻo e Kalepi

• Kautaha Loto ʻo ʻIulope (ESC) – Ngaahi Fakatonutonu ki he Ngaahi Mahaki Loto Fakavavevave

• Kautaha Puleʻi mo e Puipuiʻi ʻo e Mahaki (CDC) – Fakamatala ki he Mahaki Loto

• Ko e ngaahi fakatonutonu mo e ngāue kuo fokotuʻu ʻi he tohi The Lancet mo e Journal of the American College of Cardiology