Fakamālohi: ʻOku ʻAʻusia, Ngaahi Fakatātaa mo e Founga Fakaʻofoʻofa ʻi he Malu
Ko e hā ʻa e ʻIsale pea ʻe anga fēfē hono tupu?
Ko e ʻisale ko ha palopalema lahi ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakafaitoʻo ʻo e manava, ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻaki ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e manava ke lahi ange hono hū, mole mo e vai. ʻOku faingataʻa ke tupu ʻi he ngaahi konga ʻo e manava ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakaʻilonga, ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai ke tali lelei ʻe he sino, pe ngaahi mahaki ʻo e manava. Ko e mole vave ʻo e vai mo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku mahuʻinga ki he sino, ʻoku totonu ke tokanga lahi ki he ngaahi pēpē, fanau siʻi, kakai motuʻa mo kinautolu ʻoku vaivai ʻenau ngaahi meʻa maluʻi mei he mahaki.
ʻI he fanau, ko e ʻisale ko ha meʻa ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko, ka ʻoku lava ke tupu ha mole lahi ʻo e vai (dehydration). ʻI he ngaahi pēpē foʻou, ʻoku lava ke hoko vave ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mole vai hili hono kamata ʻa e ʻisale; ko ia ai ʻoku mahuʻinga ke siofi vave. ʻI he ngaahi pēpē mo e fanau siʻi, ko e mole ʻo e ʻuhila ʻi he mimi, ngutu mamahi, tangi ʻikai mo e vai mata, mata holo mo e loto mamahi, ʻoku ngaahi fakaʻilonga mahuʻinga ia ʻo e mole vai.
ʻE anga fēfē hono ʻiloʻi ʻa e ʻisale faingataʻa mo fakatuʻutāmaki?
ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e ʻisale ʻoku vave ai hono mole ʻo e vai mo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻi he sino pea ʻe lava ke fakatuʻutāmaki ki he moʻui. Ko e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapikopiko hange ko e kolera (Vibrio cholerae), Clostridium difficile pe ngaahi vailasi mo ngaahi parasaiti. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ni, ʻoku ʻikai lava ʻe he manava ke toe toʻo mai ʻa e vai pea ʻoku mole vave ʻa e vai mei he sino. Ko e fiemaʻu vai lahi, holo ʻa e toto, vaivai, kihiʻi manava, liliu ʻa e loto, mo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga hange ko e shok ʻoku lava ke hoko. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ni, ʻoku totonu ke kumi vave ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo ʻi he fale mahaki ʻi he ʻikai ke feinga ke tokoni ʻi ʻapi pē, tautautefito ki he fanau, kakai motuʻa mo kinautolu ʻoku ʻi ai haʻanau mahaki tuʻuloa.
Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakaʻilonga ʻo e ʻisale fakatuʻutāmaki?
Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ʻeni ʻe lava ke fakahaaʻi ʻoku liliu ʻa e ʻisale mei ha tuʻunga maʻongoʻonga ki ha tuʻunga lahi ange:
Fufuu, mamahi mo e kihiʻi manava ʻi he konga ʻo e manava
ʻIkai lava ke puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi ngaue ʻo e manava
Fievela lahi
Toto pe mucus ʻi he manava
Mole mamafa vave mo mahino
Fakamā pe loto mamahi
Fiemaʻu vai lahi, ngutu mamahi, mole ʻo e mimi mo e mimi kulokula
Loto mamahi, liliu ʻa e loto, holo ʻa e toto mo e liliu ʻo e loto
ʻI he ngaahi pēpē, ko e loto mamahi, holo ʻa e bīngilata, ngutu mamahi, mo e mole ʻo e ngaahi pepa ʻoku fakaʻilonga ʻo e mole vai. ʻI he pēpē mo e fanau siʻi ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fakahaaʻi ʻenau ngaahi mamahi, ko ia ai ʻoku mahuʻinga ke tokanga lahi ʻa e kakai tokangaʻi.
Ngaahi Tuʻunga ʻo e ʻIsale
ʻOku vahevahe ʻa e ʻisale ʻi he ngaahi founga ko ʻeni:
ʻIsale fakavave: ʻOku kamata vave pea ʻoku faingataʻa ke hoko ʻi he ngaahi vailasi, pea ʻoku ʻikai lahi ange he uike ʻe taha.
ʻIsale tuʻuloa: ʻOku toe lahi ange he māhina ʻe taha pea ʻoku fakahoko ʻi he ngaahi mahaki tuʻuloa hange ko e irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease pe inflammatory bowel diseases.
ʻIsale fakasikisi: ʻOku tupu ʻi he manava ʻoku lahi ange hono fakavaveʻi ʻo e vai; ʻe lava ke fakatupu ʻe he ngaahi meʻa fakapikopiko hange ko e kolera.
ʻIsale fakaosimotiki: ʻOku tupu ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai ke toʻo mei he manava pea ʻoku toʻo mai ai ʻa e vai, hange ko e lactose intolerance.
ʻIsale mo e ngako (steatoreic): ʻOku tupu ʻi he mole ʻo e toʻo ʻo e ngako ʻi he manava pea ʻoku ngako, mokomoko mo e manava ʻoku ʻikai ke lelei hono ngau.
Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi ʻuhinga ʻo e ʻisale?
ʻI māmani lahi, ko e ngaahi vailasi mo e ngaahi meʻa fakapikopiko ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi taha ʻo e ʻisale ʻi he fanau mo e kakai. Kae ʻi ai foki:
Ngaahi mahaki parasaiti
Meʻakai pe vai ʻoku ʻikai ke lelei hono fakamā, ʻikai ke vela lelei pe ʻikai ke maluʻi lelei hono teuteu
Ngaahi fakamoleki hange ko e antibiotics ʻoku liliu ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lelei ʻi he manava
ʻIkai tali lelei ʻa e meʻakai (hange ko e lactose pe gluten intolerance)
Mahaki tuʻuloa ʻo e manava (hange ko e Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis)
Fakamamahi mo e ngaahi meʻa fakalaumālie ʻoku lava ke liliu ʻa e ngaue ʻo e manava.
Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki kapau ʻe ʻikai ke faitoʻo ʻa e ʻisale?
Kapu ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fievela, fakamā mo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e ʻisale ʻi hoʻo tama pea ʻe ʻikai ke faitoʻo vave, ʻe lava ke hoko ha ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki:
Vaivai, mole fiekaia, holo ʻa e moʻui lelei
Ngutu mamahi, mole ʻo e mimi
Liliu ʻa e loto, ʻi he tuʻunga lahi ʻe lava ke hoko ha koma pe mate
ʻOku vave ange hono lahi ʻo e mole vai ʻi he fanau siʻi ʻi he fakatatau ki he kakai. Ko ia ai ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke fakangofua.
Tokangaʻi ʻo e ʻIsale ʻi he Fanau mo e Pēpē
ʻI he fanau, ko e ʻisale ʻoku lahi ange hono tupu ʻi he vailasi pea ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu lahi ʻa e antibiotics. Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fakamā lahi, ʻikai lava ke kai pe inu vai ʻa e tama, ʻoku totonu ke fetuʻutaki vave ki ha faitoʻo.
ʻE anga fēfē hono tokoniʻi ʻa e vai ʻi ʻapi?
ʻI he ʻisale maʻongoʻonga pe ʻi loto, ko e taumuʻa ko hono toe fakafoki ʻa e vai mo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga. ʻOku lava ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakafaitoʻo ʻoku maʻu mei he faleʻosi, ʻoku teuteu ʻaki ʻe he vai. ʻOku fakahoko ʻi he taʻu ʻo e tama ʻi he founga ko ʻeni:
Lalo he taʻu ʻe 2: Hili e manava vai kotoa pē, inu ha ipu siʻi
Taʻu ʻe 2 mo ʻi ʻolunga: Hāfū pe ipu kotoa pē
Fanau lalahi ange: Inu ʻi he meʻa ʻoku lava ke inu
Kapu ʻoku lahi ʻa e fakamā, ʻoku totonu ke foaki vai siʻi ka faingofua.
ʻE anga fēfē ʻa e meʻakai?
ʻI he taimi ʻo e ʻisale ʻoku ʻikai totonu ke taofi ʻa e kai; ʻoku totonu ke fili ʻa e meʻakai hange ko e banana, yogati, keke lahi, pateta vela, moa, supo ʻoku ʻikai ke ngako, ʻava mo e mā. ʻOku totonu ke aloʻi ʻa e meʻakai ʻoku ʻi ai ha suka lahi, vela, mo e ngaahi meʻakai ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fakalahi ai ʻa e ʻisale.
Tokoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lelei ʻo e manava
ʻOku lava ke fakahoko ʻe he faitoʻo ha ngaahi probiotics pe ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e zinc ke tokoniʻi ʻa e manava. ʻOku totonu ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ni ʻi he fakahinohino ʻa e faitoʻo.
Tokangaʻi ʻo e ʻIsale ʻi he Pēpē
Ko e meʻa mahuʻinga taha ʻi he faitoʻo ʻo e ʻisale ʻi he pēpē ko hono toe fakafoki lelei ʻa e vai mo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga. ʻI he pēpē ʻoku kai huhu, ʻoku totonu ke hokohoko atu ʻa e huhu ʻi he taimi nounou. ʻOku lava ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e oral rehydration solution ʻi he fakahinohino ʻa e faitoʻo. Kapau ʻoku totonu ki he taʻu ʻo e pēpē, ʻoku lava ke fakalahi ʻaki ʻa e keke lahi, pateta vela, banana pe yogati. Kapau ʻoku toe ʻi ai ʻa e ʻisale ʻi he ʻaho ʻe tolu pe lahi ange, fievela pe toto ʻi he manava, ʻoku totonu ke kumi vave ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo.
Ngaahi Fakaʻilonga Fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he Mahaki ʻIsale
ʻOku fakalahi ʻa e faingamalie ke hoko ʻa e ʻisale ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ko ʻeni:
ʻIkai ke huhu (tautautefito ʻi he māhina ʻe 4 muʻa)
ʻIkai ke maʻa ʻa e ipu mo e emisi
ʻIkai ke lelei ʻa e teuteu mo e tauhi ʻo e meʻakai mo e vai
ʻIkai ke maʻa ʻa e kolo
Vaivai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa maluʻi mei he mahaki pe ʻi ai ha mahaki tuʻuloa
Ngaahi Founga ʻo e Fakatupu mo e Puipui ʻo e ʻIsale
ʻOku lahi hono fakatupu ʻe he ngaahi meʻa fakapikopiko ʻi he founga ʻo e manava-toua-ngutu, pea mo e vai ʻoku ʻikai ke malu mo e meʻakai ʻoku ʻikai ke vela lelei. ʻOku totonu ke ʻoua ʻe toe teu ʻa e meʻakai vela ʻi he ʻaisi, aloʻi ʻa e ngaahi pool ʻoku fuoloa mo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ʻikai ke maʻa, pea ʻoua ʻe kai ʻa e susu ʻoku ʻikai ke pasteurize mo e ngaahi meʻa mei ai. ʻI he teuteu mo e foaki ʻo e meʻakai, ʻoku totonu ke tauhi ʻa e ngaahi founga maʻa, vela lelei ʻa e meʻakai pea kai vave.
Ko e hā ʻaho ʻoku totonu ke kumi ai ha faitoʻo?
ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ko ʻeni ʻoku totonu ke kumi vave ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo:
Manava vai lahi mo lahi hono hū
ʻIkai lava ke inu vai pe vaivai lahi
Fievela ʻi ʻolunga he 38°C
Fakamā lahi pe lahi ange
Toto ʻi he manava
Mole ʻo e mimi, tangi ʻikai mo e vai mata, ngutu mamahi mo e kili kulokula
ʻI he kakai motuʻa, pēpē mo kinautolu ʻoku ʻi ai ha mahaki tuʻuloa, ʻoku totonu ke tokanga lahi ange.
Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi founga ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻi he ʻilo?
ʻI he ʻilo, ʻoku vakai ki he fuoloa ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga, ngaahi folau kuo fai, ngaahi fakamoleki kuo ngāueʻaki mo e ngaahi anga ʻo e kai. ʻI he tuʻunga ʻo e ʻisale, ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻa e sivi ʻo e manava, ngaahi sivi fakalaboretali mo kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu, ngaahi founga fakatātā. ʻI he ʻisale tuʻuloa, ʻoku lava ke toe sivi lahi ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻuhinga ʻoku lalahi ange.
Ngaahi Founga Faitoʻo
Ko e taumu'a 'i he isale kuo kamata fakavave (akuti) ko e fakafoki mai 'a e vai mo e minelali kuo mole pea mo e tauhi 'a e tu'unga lelei 'o e tangata. Ko e faito'o 'e he antibiotiki 'oku fiema'u pe 'i he fakahinohino 'a e tokotaha faito'o mo e ngaahi me'a 'oku fakatupu ai 'a e mahaki. 'Oku totonu ke hokohoko atu 'a e me'akai pea tokanga ki he ngaahi faka'ilonga 'o e mole vai. 'I he ngaahi tu'unga mamafa, 'e lava ke fai ha faito'o vai 'i he hala 'o e huhu'a. Kapau kuo ma'u ha mahaki kroniki, 'e teuteu'i 'a e faito'o 'o fakatatau ki he konga 'oku fakatupu ai. Ngaahi Founga ke Puipui mei he Isale
Fakalelei'i 'a e ngaahi anga fakama'a mo e fufulu nima
Fakatau atu ki he vai malu, vai ma'a mo e me'akai kuo tao lelei
Fili 'a e ma'u me'akai mei he susu mo e ngaahi koloa susu kuo pasitoa
Tokanga ki he me'akai 'oku kai 'i tu'a 'i he ngaahi mahina mafana
Ngaahi Fekau'aki 'Oku Lahi 'a e Fekau
1. Ko e h13 isale pea 'e ha'u ai ha faingata'a?
Ko e isale ko e taimi 'oku mole ai 'a e vai mei he tu'u'anga, 'oku mole, mo e lahi hono hoko. Kapau 'oku 'i ai ha mafana lahi, fieinu lahi, tu'u'anga mo e toto pe mole vave 'a e mamafa pe 'oku 'ikai lava 'e he tamasi'i/tamaiki ke inu vai 'i he taimi 'oku puke ai mo e veka, 'oku fiema'u ha tokoni fakavave.
2. Ko e h13 'e fai ki he isale 'i he ngaahi tamaiki?
Ko e fakafoki mai 'a e vai mo e minelali kuo mole mei he tamaiki, fakalahi 'a e fakamamahi, pea mo e foaki 'a e solusini oral rehydration 'i he fakahinohino 'a e tokotaha faito'o 'oku mahu'inga. 'I he ngaahi faka'ilonga mamafa, 'oku totonu ke fetu'utaki ki he tokotaha faito'o.
3. Ko e h13 'oku fakatupu ai 'a e isale 'i he ngaahi tamaiki?
Ko e ngaahi vailasi (hange ko e rotavirus, norovirus) 'oku lahi taha 'a e ngaahi konga fakatupu. Pea mo e vai 'oku 'ikai ke ma'a, me'akai 'oku 'ikai ke ma'a, antibiotics kehekehe mo e ngaahi me'akai 'oku 'ikai tali lelei 'e he sino 'oku lava ke fakatupu isale.
4. Ko e h13 'e malu ai mei he isale?
Fufulu nima fakahokohoko, inu vai malu mo kai me'akai kuo tao lelei, 'alo'i e ngaahi koloa susu 'oku 'ikai ke pasitoa.
5. Ko e h13 'e faito'o ai 'a e isale 'i 'api?
'I he isale lalahi mo lotoloto, 'oku totonu ke foaki vai lahi ke ta'ofi ai 'a e mole vai pea fili me'akai 'oku faingofua ke tauhi. 'Oku lava ke faka'aonga'i 'a e probiotics pe zinc supplements 'i he fakahinohino 'a e tokotaha faito'o.
6. Ko e h13 'a e ngaahi faka'ilonga 'o e mole vai?
Fakamamahi 'i he ngutu mo e kili, si'i 'a e mimi, mimi kulokula, si'i 'a e matavai, vaivai, pea mo e loto mamahi/hange ha liliu 'a e 'atamai 'i he ngaahi tamaiki ko e ngaahi faka'ilonga mahu'inga ia 'o e mole vai.
7. Ko e h13 'a e ngaahi me'akai lelei ki he isale?
Fakafou 'i he huhu'a, laisi, pateta kuo tao, ioka, 'aiana mo e ma 'a e me'akai hange ko e ngaahi carbohydrate faingofua mo e ngaahi konga protein 'oku fakahinohino. 'Oku mahu'inga ke fakalahi 'a e inu vai 'i he ngaahi tamaiki mo e kakai lalahi.
8. 'Oku lava ke fakatupu isale 'a e antibiotics?
'Io, 'oku lava ke fakatupu isale 'a e antibiotics kehekehe 'i he fakalakalaka 'a e flora 'o e manava. 'Oua na'a faka'aonga'i e antibiotics 'a e 'ikai ke fakahinohino'i 'e he tokotaha faito'o.
9. Ko e h13 'a e taimi ke fetu'utaki ai ki he tokotaha faito'o?
'I he isale mamafa, veka, mafana lahi, tu'u'anga mo e toto, 'ikai lava ke inu vai mo e ngaahi faka'ilonga 'o e mole vai, 'oku totonu ke alu ki ha fale'i fakafaito'o.
10. Ko e h13 'a e isale kroniki, pea 'i he h13 'a e ngaahi mahaki 'oku hoko ai?
Ko e isale 'oku toe lahi hake 'i he uike fa 'oku ui ia ko e "kroniki" pea 'oku lahi hono fesiliaki mo e irritable bowel syndrome, celiac pe ngaahi mahaki inflammatory bowel.
11. 'Oku lelei 'a e probiotics ki he isale?
Fakatatau ki he ngaahi sivi, 'oku lava ke tokoni 'a e probiotics ke fakasi'isi'i 'a e taimi 'o e isale akuti pea tokoni ki he flora 'o e manava; ka 'oku totonu ke faka'aonga'i 'i he fakahinohino 'a ha fekau'aki mo e mo'ui.
12. Ko e h13 'e 'ilo ai pe 'oku faka'ilekituliki 'a e isale?
Ko e isale 'oku fakatupu 'e he ngaahi infekisone lahi (hange ko e rota pe norovirus) 'oku faka'ilekituliki. 'Oku mahu'inga 'a e fakama'a nima mo e 'oua 'e fetongi e ngaahi me'a fakataautaha.
13. Ko e h13 'a e ngaahi faito'o 'oku lava ke fakatupu isale?
Ko e antibiotics, ngaahi faito'o manava kehekehe mo e faito'o kemoterapi 'oku lahi taha 'a e ngaahi faito'o 'oku fakatupu isale; fetu'utaki ki ho'o tokotaha faito'o kimu'a pea ke tuku 'a e faito'o.
14. Ko e h13 'a e lahi 'o e vai ke inu 'i he mole vai?
Fakafoki 'a e mole vai 'aki e vai mo e oral rehydration solusini kuo teuteu. 'E lava ke fakahinohino'i 'e ho'o tokotaha faito'o ki he lahi 'oku totonu ki he houa kotoa pe tu'u'anga kotoa.
15. Ko e h13 'a e taimi ke ta'ofi ai 'a e me'akai 'i he isale?
Fakatatau ki he tu'unga, 'oku 'ikai ke fakahinohino'i ke ta'ofi 'a e me'akai. 'I he veka mamafa mo e 'ikai lava ke inu vai, 'oku totonu ke teuteu'i 'a e me'akai 'i he fakahinohino 'a e tokotaha faito'o.
Ngaahi Ngaahi Konga Fakatatau
Kautaha Mo'ui Lalahi 'o Mamani (WHO): Diarrhoeal Disease Fact Sheet
Kautaha Pule'i mo e Puipui Mahaki 'i Amerika (CDC): Diarrhea 2 Overview
Kautaha Europa ki he Gastroenterology, Hepatology mo e Me'akai 'a e Fanau (ESPGHAN) Ngaahi Fakatonutonu
The New England Journal of Medicine: Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Oral Rehydration Therapy in Infants and Children
Kuo fakatefito 'a e ngaahi fakamatala kotoa 'i he artikolo ko 'eni 'i he ngaahi tohi fakafaito'o lolotonga mo e ngaahi konga falala'anga. 'I he ngaahi founga 'o e fakatokanga'i mo e faito'o, fetu'utaki mo ha fekau'aki mo e mo'ui.