Shuga Yeropa: Kukanganisa Kwayo paKuyananiswa kwesimba muMuviri uye paUtano

Chii chinonzi Shuga Yeropa uye Inoita Basa Rei mumuviri?

Glucose, rudzi rweshuga rwakakosha runopa simba mumuviri wedu. Glucose inowanikwa kubva muzvokudya zvatinodya, inotakurwa neropa ichienda kumasero ese emuviri uye inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimba. Shuga yeropa (glucose yeropa) inoreva huwandu hweglucose iri muropa. Kana nhanho iyi yakakwira zvakanyanya, minwe yakawanda yemuviri inogona kukanganiswa. Nekudaro, muviri une masisitimu akaoma anoronga uye anoyera nhanho yeshuga yeropa. Homoni inonzi insulin inoburitswa nemasero e-beta ari mupangirasi, inoshanda kana shuga yeropa yakwira; inobatsira kuti glucose ipinde mumaseru uye inodzosa shuga yeropa pamwero wakajairika.

Ndeipi Nhanho Yeshuga Yeropa Inofanira Kuva Yakajairika?

Kuvanhu vane utano, shuga yeropa inowanzova pakati pe70-120 mg/dl. Asi, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nhanho idzi dzinogona kuchinja nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Kuvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga (diabetes), kushomeka kwekugadzirwa kweinsulin kana kushaya simba kwayo kunokonzeresa kukwira kweshuga yeropa. Kuongorora chirwere ichi hakufaniri kuitwa nekuyera kamwe chete shuga yeropa. Saka, bvunzo inonzi HbA1c inoratidza avhareji yeshuga yeropa mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura inoitwawo. Kana HbA1c iri pakati pe6% ne6.5% zvinoratidza "prediabetes" (shuga yakavanzika), kana iri pamusoro pe6.5% zvinoratidza chirwere cheshuga.

Chii chinonzi Shuga Yeropa Yekushaya uye Yekuguta, uye Inoyera Sei?

Huwandu hweglucose muropa hunochinja zvichienderana nekuti munhu haana kudya kana kuti adya. Shuga yeropa yekushaya inoreva huwandu hunoyererwa mushure mekushaya kweanenge maawa 8-12. Shuga yeropa yekuguta inoyererwa mushure meawa 2 kubva pakudya. Kuyera uku kunopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro peshuwa yeropa yakaderera (hypoglycemia) kana yakakwira (hyperglycemia).

Nhanho dzeShuga Yeropa Yekushaya

Kuvanhu vane utano, shuga yeropa yekushaya inowanzova pakati pe70-100 mg/dl. Kana ikaderera pasi pe60 mg/dl, inonzi hypoglycemia (shuga yakaderera) uye zvinoda kurapwa. Kana shuga yeropa yekushaya ikapfuura 125 mg/dl, panofungidzirwa chirwere cheshuga.

Nhanho dzeShuga Yeropa Yekuguta

Shuga yeropa yekuguta inowanzoyererwa maawa 2 mushure mekudya uye inofanira kunge iri pasi pe140 mg/dl. Kana iri pakati pe140-200 mg/dl zvinoratidza prediabetes, uye kana iri pamusoro pe200 mg/dl zvinoratidza diabetes.

Shuga Yeropa Inoyera Sei?

Shuga yeropa inogona kuyera zviri nyore kumba uchishandisa ropa shoma. Nemidziyo inonzi glucometer, ropa rinotorwa kubva paminwe, roiswa pashinda yekuyera, uye mhedzisiro inowanikwa mumasekonzi mashoma. Midziyo iyi inokosha zvikuru kuvarwere vane chirwere cheshuga. Kuvarwere vanoshandisa insulin, zvinokurudzirwa kuyera shuga yeropa kanokwana ka4 pazuva.

Kuchipatara, ropa rinotorwa uye rinoongororwa murabhoritari. Bvunzo inonzi "oral glucose tolerance test" (OGTT) inogona kuitwawo. Mubvunzo uyu, mushure mekushaya usiku hwese, shuga yeropa yekushaya inoyererwa, wozonwa mvura ine glucose, wozoyererwa zvakare mushure meawa 2. Vanhu vane utano vanodzosa shuga yeropa pamwero wakajairika neinsulin, asi kuvarwere vane diabetes, nhanho iyi inoramba yakakwira.

Zvinhu Zvinofanira Kucherechedzwa Pakuyera Shuga Yeropa Yekushaya neYekuguta

Kuyera shuga yeropa yekushaya kunoda kushaya kweanenge maawa 8-12. Saka, inowanzoyererwa mangwanani mushure mekushaya usiku. Shuga yeropa yekuguta inofanira kuyera maawa 2 kubva pakutanga kwekudya. Maawa 2-3 akakodzera pakuyera; kana zvapfuura maawa 4, mhedzisiro inogona kusava yechokwadi.

Ndezvipi Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvekukwira kweShuga Yeropa?

Kukwira kweshuga yeropa yekushaya kana yekuguta kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kudya zvisina utano (kudya zvakawandisa makabhohaidhiretsi uye mafuta), kusaita maekisesaizi, kushaya basa mumuviri, kushushikana kwenguva refu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemhuri ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikonzero. Chinokosha zvikuru chirwere cheshuga. Kuvarwere vane diabetes vanokanganisa kushandisa mishonga kana insulin kunowedzerawo shuga yeropa.

Shuga Yeropa Inogona Kudzorwa Sei?

Kuchengetedza shuga yeropa pamwero wakajairika kunoda kudya zvine utano, kudya zvishoma-zvishoma kazhinji, uye kuita maekisesaizi zuva nezuva. Zvinokurudzirwa kufamba kanokwana mazuva mashanu pasvondo. Kana muviri usingagadziri insulin (seType 1 diabetes), mishonga neinsulin zvinodiwa.

Shuga Yeropa muVana uye Kutevedzera Nhanho Dzayo

Muvana, nhanho dzeshuga yeropa dzakasiyana nevadiki uye zvinoenderana nezera. Kuvacheche nevachangoberekwa, shuga yeropa yekushaya inofanira kunge iri pakati pe90-170 mg/dl, yekuguta 120-200 mg/dl. Kuvana vane makore 2-8, yekushaya 80-160 mg/dl, yekuguta 110-190 mg/dl; vane makore anopfuura 8, yekushaya 80-130 mg/dl, yekuguta 110-170 mg/dl. Kuvana vanoberekwa vasina insulin, kurapwa neinsulin nekuyera shuga yeropa zuva nezuva kwakakosha zvikuru.

Shuga Yeropa muVakuru Inofanira Kuva Sei?

Kuvakuru, shuga yeropa yekushaya inofanira kunge iri pakati pe70-100 mg/dl, yekuguta 70-140 mg/dl. Kana ikaderera pasi pe60 mg/dl, inonzi hypoglycemia uye inoda kurapwa. Pakati pevana nevakuru, panowanikwa musiyano we20-30 mg/dl pamwero wakajairika weshuga yeropa.

Shuga Yeropa uye Kudzora Kwayo kuVarwere vane Diabetes

Kuvanhu vane diabetes, shuga yeropa inowanzova yakakwira kunyangwe vasina kudya kana vadya. KuType 1 diabetes, muviri hauburitse insulin zvachose uye vanenge vachida insulin injection. KuType 2 diabetes, kushaya simba kweinsulin kunowanzobatana nezera, kuwandisa muviri, nhoroondo yemhuri uye kushushikana. Kuvarwere veType 2 diabetes, kudya zvine utano, kuita maekisesaizi uye kushandisa mishonga/insulin pasi pekutariswa kwechiremba kunobatsira kudzora shuga yeropa. Kuvanhu vakawandisa muviri, dzimwe nguva kuvhiyiwa (semuenzaniso kuvhiyiwa kwekuonda) kunobatsira mukurapa. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanira kuyera ropa nguva nenguva uye kuva pasi pekutariswa kwechiremba kuti vadzikise njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwezvinyama zvemuviri.

Shuga Yeropa uye Zvirwere Zvisingaperi

Diabetes nezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwemuviri uye nzira dzekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana. Kunyanya diabetes, inogona kukonzera matambudziko mukurapa kana kufambira mberi kwevamwe zvirwere zvakaita semarara. Saka, kutarisira zvirwere zvisingaperi nguva dzose kwakakosha zvikuru.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

1. Chii chinonzi shuga yeropa?

Shuga yeropa inoreva huwandu hweglucose hunotenderera muropa. Inopa simba mumuviri uye kuchengetedza nhanho iyi pamwero wakajairika kwakakosha kuhutano.

2. Shuga yeropa yekushaya inoyererwa mushure meawa mangani ekushaya?

Shuga yeropa yekushaya inowanzoyererwa mushure mekushaya kweanenge maawa 8-12. Munguva iyi zvinokurudzirwa kunwa mvura chete.

3. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peshuga yeropa yekushaya neyekuguta?

Shuga yeropa yekushaya inoyererwa mushure mekushaya kwenguva refu, yekuguta inoyererwa mushure meawa 2 kubva pakudya. Musiyano uyu unoratidza kuti muviri unoshanda sei pakushandisa glucose mushure mekudya.

4. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekukwira kweshuga yeropa?

Kuda kuita weti kazhinji, kunzwa nyota, kuneta uye kurasikirwa nehuremu zvisingatsananguriki zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekukwira kweshuga yeropa. Kana zviratidzo zviripo, zvakakosha kuenda kuna chiremba.

5. Sei shuga yeropa yakaderera (hypoglycemia) ichityisa?

Shuga yeropa yakaderera zvikuru inotadzisa kuti uropi uwane simba rakakwana; zvinogona kukonzera kupera simba, kupinda mucoma kana kuzvimba. Panguva iyi, kurapwa nekukurumidza kunodiwa.

6. Shuga yeropa inoyererwa sei kumba?

Nemudziyo unonzi glucometer, ropa rinotorwa paminwe, royerwa uye mhedzisiro inowanikwa mumaminitsi mashoma.

7. Ndeipi bvunzo inodiwa kuti uone chirwere cheshuga zvachose?

Kuyera kamwe chete shuga yeropa hakukwani. Shuga yeropa yekushaya neyekuguta pamwe neHbA1c uye kana zvichidiwa, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) zvinodiwa.

8. Ndezvipi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shuga yeropa igare yakajairika?

Kudya zvine mwero, kuita maekisesaizi nguva dzose, kudzora kushushikana uye kuongororwa nachiremba nguva nenguva zvakakosha.

9. Ndeipi shuga yeropa yakakodzera muvana?

Shuga yeropa muvana inochinja zvichienderana nezera. Kuti uwane nhanho yakakodzera, bvunzai chiremba wenyu zvichienderana nezera nemamiriro ehutano hwemwana wenyu.

10. Varwere vechirwere cheshuga vanofanira sei kutevera mazinga eshuga muropa zuva nezuva?

Kazhinji, kuyera kanokwana ka4 pazuva kunokurudzirwa, asi huwandu uhu hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ehutano emunhu. Kurongwa kwekurapwa kunofanira kusarudzwa nachiremba.

11. Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika pakuverenga shuga muropa?

Kushandisa nguva isiri iyo, kushandisa strip/kadhi isiri iyo kana kuti kukanganiswa kwemuchina zvinogona kupa mhinduro dzisiri dzechokwadi. Kana pane kusava nechokwadi, zvakakosha kubvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano.

12. Kufambira mberi kwechirwere cheshuga kunodzorwa sei?

Kuyedzwa nguva nenguva nachiremba, kugara uchitevedzera mararamiro ane hutano uye kutevera chirongwa chekurapwa chakapiwa kwakakosha mukudzivirira matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nechirwere cheshuga.

13. Shuga yakakwira muropa inogona kukanganisa zvimwe zvirwere here?

Hongu, shuga yakakwira isingadzorwi inogona kukanganisa hutano hwemoyo, mhasuru dzemwoyo, itsvo, maziso uye masisitimu etsinga.

14. Ko kana ndichiri kuwana shuga yakakwira kunyange ndichishandisa mishonga kana insulin?

Zvakakosha kuti mubate chiremba wenyu. Panogona kudikanwa kuchinjwa kwemadhora kana chirongwa chekurapwa.

15. Pane nzira yekudzivirira chirwere cheshuga here?

Kudya kwakaringana, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, kudzora uremu uye kuongororwa nachiremba nguva nenguva kune vanhu vari panjodzi zvinogona kudzivirira kana kunonotsa kutanga kwechirwere cheshuga.

Zvinyorwa

• Sangano reHutano Pasi Pose (WHO): Chokwadi pamusoro pechirwere cheshuga

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Zvinyorwa zvechirwere cheshuga

• Sangano reChirwere cheshuga reAmerica (ADA): Mitemo yeKurapwa kweChirwere cheshuga

• Sangano reChirwere cheshuga Pasi Pose (IDF): Diabetes Atlas

• The New England Journal of Medicine, Diabetes Reviews