Kanseri y’Ibere: Amakuru Agezweho, Isuzuma, Kuvura n’Agaciro ko Kumenya Hakiri Kare
Kanseri y’ibere, ni imwe mu ndwara za kanseri zikunze kugaragara cyane mu bagore ku isi hose kandi ni ikibazo gikomeye mu buzima rusange. Nubwo ubwinshi bwayo bushobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibihugu cyangwa imiryango, ubushakashatsi buheruka bugaragaza ko hafi kimwe cya kane cya kanseri zigaragara mu bagore zituruka ku kanseri y’ibere. Igice kinini cy’impfu ziterwa na kanseri mu bagore nacyo gituruka kuri iyi ndwara. Ariko, kubera iterambere ry’uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kuvura bugezweho, hari ibyiringiro byiza mu guhangana na kanseri y’ibere. By’umwihariko, kubasha kuyimenya hakiri kare bituma amahirwe yo kuvurwa no kugira ubuzima bwiza byiyongera cyane.
Kanseri y’Ibere ni iki?
Kanseri y’ibere ni indwara iterwa n’uko uturemangingo tw’ibere twikuba ku buryo budasanzwe. Uku gukura kudasanzwe akenshi gutangirira mu miyoboro y’amata cyangwa mu tugingo tw’amata, kandi uko igihe kigenda gishobora gutera igice cy’inyama gifatika. Ibyo bice akenshi bishobora kumvikana iyo wikorera isuzuma, ibi bikaba bituma kanseri y’ibere ishobora gutahurwa hakiri kare ugereranyije n’izindi kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Iyo iyi ndwara itahuwe hakiri kare, amahirwe yo kuyivura neza aba ari menshi cyane.
Ibimenyetso Bikunze Kugaragara kuri Kanseri y’Ibere
Kanseri y’ibere rimwe na rimwe ishobora kumara igihe kirekire nta kimenyetso igaragaje. Ariko, ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kugaragara mu byiciro bitandukanye by’indwara:
Ibibyimba Bikunzwe Kumvikana: Kumva ibibyimba bikomeye, bitababaza mu ibere cyangwa mu kwaha ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara.
Gusohora Amavuta ku Ibere: Akenshi biba ku ruhande rumwe, bikaza bitunguranye, rimwe na rimwe bikaba birimo amaraso, bikwiye kwitonderwa cyane.
Impinduka ku Isura cyangwa Ingano y’Ibere: Kugaragara kw’itandukaniro ry’ingano cyangwa isura hagati y’amabere yombi ni ingenzi.
Impinduka ku Ruhu rw’Ibere: Gukomera, kubyimba, gutukura, kugira ibisebe cyangwa kugaragara nk’uruhu rw’icunga bishobora kugaragara.
Kugwa cyangwa Gucika Inyuma k’Uruhare rw’Ibere: By’umwihariko iyo kanseri iri hafi y’uruhare rw’ibere cyangwa igafata imikaya runaka, izi mpinduka zishobora kugaragara.
Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, kwegera umukozi w’ubuzima ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo kanseri itahurwe hakiri kare.
Kwisuzuma Ibere Wenyine no Gukoresha Mamografi mu Gutahura Hakiri Kare
Kwisuzuma ibere wenyine ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi gifasha abagore kubona impinduka zishobora kuba zigaragara mu ibere hakiri kare. Birakwiye ko bikorwa buri kwezi ku munsi umwe w’ukwezi k’umugore cyangwa nyuma yo guhagarika imihango, buri kwezi ku munsi umwe watoranijwe. Mu isuzuma, hagomba kwitonderwa impinduka zose mu ibere, kubyimba, kugwa cyangwa impinduka z’amabara.
Mamografi ni uburyo bwo gufata amashusho bwemewe nk’icyitegererezo mu gusuzuma kanseri y’ibere, bukoresha urumuri rwa X-ray ruciriritse. Abahanga bagira inama ko abagore badafite ibyago byihariye batangira gukoresha mamografi buri mwaka guhera ku myaka 40. Ku bagore bafite ibyago byinshi, muganga ashobora gutanga inama yo gutangira hakiri kare no gusuzumwa kenshi.
Ibyiciro bya Kanseri y’Ibere n’Uko Indwara Imera
Kanseri y’ibere ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubunini bwa tumori, uko yageze mu mitsi y’amaraso n’uko yaba yarageze no mu bindi bice by’umubiri:
Icyiciro cya Mbere (Icyiciro 1): Tumori iri munsi ya santimetero 2 kandi nta kwiyongera mu mitsi y’amaraso.
Icyiciro cyo Hagati (Icyiciro 2): Tumori ishobora kuba irenze santimetero 2, kwiyongera mu mitsi y’amaraso birashobora kubaho cyangwa ntibiboneke.
Icyiciro cya Hejuru (Icyiciro 3): Tumori irenze santimetero 5 kandi kwiyongera mu mitsi y’amaraso biragaragara neza.
Mu byiciro birenzeho, kanseri ishobora no kugera mu bindi bice by’umubiri.
Abafashwe hakiri kare kandi bagatangira kuvurwa, amahirwe yo kubaho ni menshi cyane. Ni yo mpamvu isuzuma rya kenshi n’ubugenzuzi buhoraho bifite akamaro kanini.
Kubaga Kanseri y’Ibere n’Uburyo Bukoreshwa mu Kuvura
Mu kuvura kanseri y’ibere, kubaga ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane. Amahitamo yo kubaga ahinduka bitewe n’icyiciro cy’indwara, ubunini bwa tumori n’uko yageze ahandi:
Kubaga Hagamijwe Gukiza Ibere: Igice cyafashwe na tumori n’inkengero zacyo bikurwaho, ariko ibere rikagumaho. Akenshi bikorwa mu byiciro bya mbere.
Mastektomi: Gukuraho ibere ryose. Bihitwamo mu byiciro byateye imbere cyangwa iyo tumori ikwirakwiriye cyane.
Kubaga Onkoplastique: Gukuraho igice cyafashwe na kanseri ariko hakitabwa no ku isura y’ibere, hagamijwe kurinda imiterere yabyo.
Gufata no Gukuraho Imitsi y’amaraso ya Mbere ifatwa na Kanseri: Imitsi ya mbere ifatwa na kanseri iraboneka hakoreshejwe irangi ryihariye, igakurwaho.
Kwoza Imitsi y’amaraso yo mu Kwaha: Iyo kanseri yageze mu mitsi y’amaraso, aho hantu harabagarwa hakoreshejwe kubaga.
Ibikorwa byose byo kubaga bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiriye bwo gutera ikinya kandi akenshi bimara hagati y’isaha n’igice n’amasaha abiri. Imiterere y’ubuzima bw’umurwayi igira uruhare mu kugena uko kubaga gukorwa n’igihe cyo gukira.
Ingaruka n’Ibibazo Bishobora Kuvuka nyuma yo Kubagwa
Kubaga kanseri y’ibere nk’ibindi bikorwa byo kubaga byose bishobora kugira ingaruka; muri zo harimo:
Kugaragara kw’uburwayi bw’ahabazwe
Kuva amaraso no gukororoka kw’amaraso
Kuzana amazi ahabazwe (seroma)
Impinduka ku isura y’ibere mu gihe gito cyangwa kirekire
Bitewe n’imiterere ya tumori, kanseri ishobora gukwirakwira ahandi
Ibibazo bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ubuzima bw’umurwayi, imyaka n’izindi ndwara zishobora kuba zihari. Kugira ubugenzuzi buhoraho no gukurikiza inama za muganga ni ingenzi mu kugabanya izi ngaruka.
Ibyitonderwa nyuma yo Kubagwa
Kuruhuka, kwitabwaho neza ku gisebe no kugenzurwa na muganga ni ingenzi nyuma yo kubagwa. Byongeye, kwirinda itabi n’inzoga, kurya indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo yoroshye ya buri munsi birasabwa. Niba bikenewe, gufashwa mu mitekerereze bishobora koroshya urugendo rwo gukira no kongera ubuzima bwiza bw’umurwayi.
Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana bitewe n’ubuzima bw’umurwayi, uburyo bwo kubaga bwakoreshejwe n’ibibazo byagaragaye. Abenshi barekurwa mu minsi mike, ariko gukira neza bishobora gufata ibyumweru bike.
Kwisuzuma no Gupimwa Bihoraho
Kwisuzuma ibere buri gihe no gukoresha mamografi mu gihe cyagenwe ni ingenzi mu gutahura kanseri y’ibere hakiri kare. By’umwihariko, abafite amateka ya kanseri y’ibere mu muryango cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi bagomba gukomeza kugenzurwa kenshi nk’uko muganga abiteganya.
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko buri kibyimba cyangwa impinduka mu ibere bidahita bivuga ko ari kanseri, ariko iyo habonetse impinduka, gusuzumwa kwa muganga ntibigomba kwirengagizwa. Ibi bituma no gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bishoboka.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
1. Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga kanseri y’ibere?
Kumva ikibyimba kitababaza mu ibere cyangwa mu kwaha, gusohora amavuta ku ibere, gukomera cyangwa impinduka ku isura y’uruhu, kugwa k’uruhare rw’ibere n’impinduka ku bunini bw’ibere ni bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara.
2. Kwisuzuma ibere wenyine bikorwa kenshi gute?
Buri kwezi, ku munsi umwe w’ukwezi k’umugore cyangwa nyuma yo guhagarika imihango, buri kwezi ku munsi umwe watoranijwe birasabwa.
3. Mamografi itangira gukorwa ku myaka ingahe?
Akenshi guhera ku myaka 40, ku bagore badafite ibyago byinshi, birasabwa rimwe mu mwaka. Ku bafite amateka ya kanseri y’ibere mu muryango cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi, bashobora gutangira hakiri kare bitewe n’inama za muganga.
4. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ni ryari nzakira?
Abenshi barekurwa mu minsi mike, ariko gukira neza akenshi bifata ibyumweru bike. Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana bitewe n’uburyo bwo kubaga bwakoreshejwe.
5. Nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri y’ibere, hari ibyago byo kongera kurwara?
Bamwe bashobora kugira ibyago byo kongera kurwara; niyo mpamvu kugenzurwa na muganga no gukomeza gahunda yo gupimwa ari ingenzi.
6. Kubaga kanseri y’ibere birateje akaga?
Nka buri gikorwa cyo kubaga, hari ibyago (nk’uburwayi, kuva amaraso n’ibindi); ariko iyo bikorwa n’itsinda ry’inzobere kandi hakitabwa ku murwayi, ibyo byago biragabanuka cyane.
7. Ni ubuhe buryo bwifashishwa mu gufata amashusho busimbura mamografi?
Ukoresheje ultrasound na MR, cyane cyane iyo mamografi itagaragaza neza, birashobora gukoreshwa. Uburyo bukwiriye bumenyekanwa na muganga wawe.
8. Ese kanseri y’ibere irakira burundu iyo itahuwe hakiri kare?
Mu barwayi babonye ibisubizo hakiri kare kandi bagahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye, amahirwe yo gukira aba ari menshi cyane. Iyo igeze mu cyiciro cya nyuma, kuvura birushaho kugorana, ariko uburyo bushya bushobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho n’ubwiza bw’ubuzima.
9. Ese imirire n’imyitwarire bigira uruhare ku byago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere?
Kurya indyo yuzuye, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kenshi, kwirinda itabi n’inzoga bishobora kugabanya ibyago ariko ntibisobanura ko birinda burundu.
10. Ese kanseri y’ibere iboneka gusa mu bagore?
Kanseri y’ibere ishobora no kuboneka ku bagabo nubwo bibaho gake; abagabo na bo nibabona impinduka cyangwa ikibyimba mu ibere bagomba kugana muganga.
11. Ese amazi asohoka ku ibere ahora ari ikimenyetso cya kanseri?
Siyo buri gihe amazi asohoka ku ibere aba ari ikimenyetso cya kanseri; ashobora guterwa n’impamvu zishingiye ku mihindagurikire y’imisemburo cyangwa ubwandu. Ariko cyane cyane iyo ari amaraso cyangwa asohoka ku ruhande rumwe bigomba gusuzumwa.
12. Ese nyuma yo kubagwa ibere hashobora gukorwa ibikorwa byo gusubiza isura?
Niba bibaye ngombwa, uburyo bwa onkoplastiki cyangwa kubaka ibere rishya birashoboka.
13. Biyopsi ya koloyide ya ganglion ni iki kandi kuki ikorwa?
Iyi gahunda ifasha kumenya udutsi twa mbere kanseri yagezemo kandi hakaba hakurwamo niba bikenewe. Ibi bifasha kumenya uko indwara yakwirakwiye no gutegura uburyo bwo kuyivura.
14. Ese nakagombye kugira impungenge niba ibisubizo bya patoloji bitinze?
Kenshi ibisubizo bya patoloji bifata igihe kugira ngo bisohoke. Iyo ibisubizo bibonetse, muganga azagusobanurira neza uko ibintu bihagaze.
15. Ese nyuma yo gusuzumwa kanseri y’ibere hakenewe ubufasha bw’ihumure?
Nyuma yo gusuzumwa, umuntu ashobora kugira ibibazo by’amarangamutima. Gushaka ubufasha bw’inzobere bishobora koroshya urugendo rwo gukira no kwiyakira.
Inkomoko
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Ifishi y’amakuru kuri kanseri y’ibere
Umuryango w’Abanyamerika wita kuri Kanseri (American Cancer Society): Incamake kuri Kanseri y’Ibene
Ihuriro ry’Abanyamerika ryita kuri Radioloji (ACR): Amabwiriza ya Mamografi
Ihuriro ry’Abanyaburayi ryita kuri Onkoloji y’Ubuvuzi (ESMO): Amabwiriza y’imikorere kuri kanseri y’ibere
CDC (Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara no kuzikumira): Amakuru kuri kanseri y’ibere