Indwara ziterwa n’ikusanyirizwa ridakwiye ry’ibinyabutabire bya poroteyine mu bwonko: Indwara ya Deli Dana n’ingaruka zayo ku buzima bw’umuntu

Indwara ya Deli Dana ni iki?

Indwara ziterwa n’ukwiyongera kudasanzwe kw’ibinyabutabire bya poroteyine mu bwonko zishobora guteza ibyangirika bikomeye mu buryo bukomeye mu gice cy’ubwonko n’imyakura. Indwara ya deli dana, izwi mu buvuzi nka "bovine spongiform encephalopathy", nubwo ahanini iboneka mu nka, ishobora kugira ingaruka nini kurusha uko byatekerezwaga. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) iboneka mu bantu ifite isano ya bugufi n’indwara ya deli dana mu buryo bw’imiterere ya poroteyine. Ku bw’ibyo, ni indwara ikurikiranwa cyane ku isi hose kandi ifite akamaro kanini mu buzima bw’amatungo no mu buzima rusange bw’abantu.

Amakuru rusange ku ndwara ya Deli Dana

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ni indwara yo mu bwonko n’imyakura iboneka mu nka, ishobora kurangira n’urupfu. Mu ntangiriro, byatekerezwaga ko ari indwara igarukira ku matungo gusa, ariko nyuma y’imyaka byagaragaye ko ishobora kugira isano n’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob iboneka mu bantu (by’umwihariko ubwoko bwayo bwa vCJD). Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko hari ibyago byo kwandura hagati y’abantu binyuze mu kurya inyama cyangwa ibice by’inyama birimo imyakura by’amatungo arwaye. Ku ishingiro ry’iyi ndwara, habaho ukwiyongera kudasanzwe kwa poroteyine yitwa prion mu bwonko no mu bindi bice by’umubiri. Uku kwiyongera gutera kwangirika gukurikirana mu turemangingo tw’imyakura, bigatangira bigaragara nko guhinduka mu myitwarire cyangwa intege nke mu misokoro, nyuma bikaba kwibagirwa gukabije no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.

Impamvu z’Indwara ya Deli Dana

Indwara ya deli dana iterwa n’uko poroteyine zisanzwe zidafite ingaruka mbi zihinduka mu buryo bw’imiterere, zigahinduka mbi kandi zifite uburozi. Izi poroteyine, zitwa prion, zifite ubushobozi bwo kwikuba no kwanduza izindi poroteyine zisanzwe mu mubiri. Ugereranyije n’udusimba nka virusi, prion nta bikoresho by’uturemangingo (genetic material) ifite; uburyo itera indwara butangirira ku mpinduka mbi mu miterere ya poroteyine z’umubiri. Izi prion zidakwiye iyo zigeze mu gifu no mu mikorere y’ubudahangarwa, cyane cyane mu myanya y’imyakura, zikoranya mu bwonko no mu turemangingo tw’imyakura, bigatera gutakaza imikorere bikomeye. Indwara ziterwa na prion ni nke cyane mu matungo no mu bantu ariko zifite ubukana bukomeye. Mu bantu, indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni yo iboneka cyane mu cyiciro cy’indwara za prion. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko indwara za prion ziterwa n’impinduka mbi mu miterere ya poroteyine z’umuntu ubwe, aho kuba virusi cyangwa bagiteri.

Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu ndwara ya Deli Dana

Indwara zifitanye isano n’ukwiyongera kudasanzwe kwa prion mu bwonko, akenshi zigenda gahoro kandi mu ibanga. Bitewe n’ubwoko bw’indwara na prion, ibimenyetso biratandukanye.

• Sporadik CJD: Ni bwo bwoko buboneka cyane. Ibimenyetso bikomera vuba kandi mu gihe gito bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye mu mikorere y’imyakura. Mu ntangiriro, hashobora kugaragara kubura kwigengesera, kugorwa no kuvuga, kumva umunaniro, kumva nk’aho urimo guterwa inshinge, isereri no kugira ibibazo by’amaso.

• Varyant cyangwa ihindagurika rya CJD: Akenshi ibimenyetso by’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire ni byo by’ingenzi. Guhangayika, kwiheba, kwigunga, ibibazo byo gusinzira no kugira umujinya birashobora kugaragara. Indwara ikomeza, hakiyongeraho gutakaza imikorere y’imyakura vuba.

• Ailesel (Kuvukanwa) CJD: Muri ubu bwoko buterwa n’imiterere y’uturemangingo, ibimenyetso bitangira hakiri kare kandi bigenda gahoro.

Muri rusange, uko indwara ikomeza, habaho kubura kwigengesera, imikaya igashiguka, kugorwa no kumira, ibibazo by’amaso no kuvuga, hamwe no kubura kwibuka, kubura ubushishozi, kwitiranya ibintu no kugira impagarara mu mitekerereze.

Uko Indwara ya Deli Dana isuzumwa

Abarwayi baza bafite ibibazo by’imyakura, akenshi basuzumwa n’inzobere mu ndwara z’ubwonko. Kugira ngo hatabaho kwitiranya n’izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa (nko Parkinson cyangwa Alzheimer), hakorwa isuzuma ryimbitse n’ibizamini bitandukanye. Uburyo bushobora gufasha mu gusuzuma ni:

• Kwerekana impinduka mu bwonko hifashishijwe imashini ya MRI

• Kugenzura imikorere y’amashanyarazi mu bwonko hifashishijwe EEG

• Mu gihe bikenewe, gufata igice cy’ubwonko (biopsy) no kugisuzuma mu laboratwari

Kubera ko gufata igice cy’ubwonko ari igikorwa gikomeye, bikorwa gusa iyo izindi nzira zose zanze gutanga igisubizo gihamye cyangwa hakenewe gutandukanya n’izindi ndwara.

Ubuyobozi n’Uburyo bwo Kuvura Indwara ya Deli Dana

Kugeza ubu nta muti ushobora gukiza burundu indwara ya deli dana (BSE cyangwa vCJD mu bantu). Uburyo buhari bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso no kongera ubuzima bwiza bw’umurwayi aho guhagarika indwara. Ku bimenyetso nko kwiheba no guhangayika, inama z’abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe n’imiti irashobora gutangwa. Ku buribwe bw’imikaya n’ibindi bibazo by’umubiri, imiti igabanya uburibwe irakoreshwa. Uko indwara ikomeza, abarwayi batagishoboye kwiyitaho no kwitaho ibikenewe bya buri munsi, bashobora guhabwa ubufasha mu mirire no mu isuku. Iyo habayeho kugorwa no kumira, hakenerwa ubufasha bwihariye mu mirire n’ubuvuzi bwita ku kuruhura umurwayi. Ubuvuzi bwita ku kuruhura umurwayi (palliative care) bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso, gufasha umurwayi guhangana n’ihungabana no gushyira imbere ihumure rye mu gihe cy’indwara igeze ku musozo.

Isesengura ku rwego rw’Isi

Indwara ya deli dana n’izindi ndwara za prion ziboneka gake ku isi ariko zifite akamaro kanini mu buzima rusange. Ibihugu byinshi bikurikirana cyane ibicuruzwa by’amatungo bifite ibyago kandi bigashyiraho ingamba zo kurinda abaturage. Mu gihe hari ukekwa indwara ya prion, ni ingenzi ko imiryango n’abarwayi bagana inzego z’ubuvuzi zifite ubunararibonye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Indwara ya deli dana ni iki?

Indwara ya deli dana ni indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko n’imyakura iterwa n’ukwiyongera kwa poroteyine yitwa prion ifite imiterere mibi, ikaba ahanini iboneka mu nka. Ubwoko bwayo buboneka mu bantu ni indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob.

2. Indwara ya deli dana ishobora gute kwandura ku bantu?

Bitekerezwa ko ishobora kwandura ku bantu binyuze mu kurya ibikomoka ku matungo birimo ubwonko cyangwa imyakura by’amatungo arwaye. Ariko ibyago byo kwandura byagabanyijwe n’ingamba zikomeye mu bijyanye n’ibiribwa n’ubworozi.

3. Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara ni ibihe?

Mu ntangiriro, ishobora gutangira nko kwiheba, guhinduka mu myitwarire, intege nke mu misokoro no kubura kwigengesera. Uko indwara ikomeza, habaho kubura kwigengesera, ibibazo by’amaso no kuvuga, kwibagirwa no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.

4. Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni kimwe na deli dana?

Ubwoko bwa Creutzfeldt-Jakob buboneka mu bantu, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa vCJD, bufite isano n’indwara ya deli dana bitewe na prion, ariko CJD isanzwe na BSE bishobora guturuka ku mpamvu zitandukanye.

5. Indwara ya deli dana iravurwa?

Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari ushobora guhagarika cyangwa gukiza indwara. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso no kongera ubuzima bwiza bw’umurwayi.

6. Indwara ya deli dana iteje akaga kuri buri wese?

Ni indwara idakunze kuboneka kandi ifitanye isano n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiribwa bikomoka ku matungo bifite ibyago. Ingamba zafashwe mu bihugu byinshi zagabanyije cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

7. Ni ibihe bizamini bikorerwa isuzuma?

Akenshi hakorwa isuzuma ry’imyakura, MRI, EEG n’ibindi bizamini byo kureba imikorere y’ubwonko. Mu bihe bimwe, kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara, hafatwa igice cy’ubwonko (biopsy).

8. Indwara iranduza?

Indwara za prion ntizanduza byoroshye hagati y’abantu. Ariko hari ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu gukorana n’ibice byanduye cyane cyane ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byakoze ku myanya y’imyakura.

9. Iyo hari indwara ya prion mu muryango, ibyago byiyongera?

Mu bwoko buvukanwa (kalitasi), ibyago biriyongera. Indwara za prion zituruka ku miterere y’uturemangingo zishobora gutangira hakiri kare kandi zigenda gahoro.

10. Umurwayi yitabwaho ate?

Uko indwara ikomeza, umurwayi akeneye ubufasha mu kwiyitaho, mu mirire no mu isuku. Ubuvuzi bwita ku kuruhura umurwayi no gufashwa n’amatsinda y’inzobere birasabwa.

11. BSE na CJD biboneka kenshi gute ku isi?

Ni indwara zidakunze kuboneka, ariko zishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Ibihugu byinshi bipima kenshi ibikomoka ku matungo n’umutekano w’ibiribwa.

12. Birashoboka kwirinda indwara ya deli dana?

Ubugenzuzi bukomeye ku bikomoka ku matungo n’ibiryo by’amatungo, hamwe no gukuraho ibice by’amatungo bifite ibyago byinshi mu biribwa by’abantu, byagabanyije cyane ibyago byo kwandura.

13. Ese buri buribwe bw’umutwe cyangwa intege nke z’imitsi bikwiye gutera gukeka indwara ya prion?

Oya. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara no mu zindi ndwara nyinshi zitandukanye. By’umwihariko, niba habayeho ihindagurika ryihuse mu mikorere y’ubwonko cyangwa igabanuka ry’ubwenge, ni ingenzi kwegera muganga.

14. Ni ibiki bikenewe kugira ngo haboneke isuzuma ridashidikanywaho?

Akenshi ibimenyetso bya muganga, ibisubizo by’amafoto n’ibizamini bya laboratwari birahagije; ariko mu gihe bikiri gushidikanywaho, gupima igice cy’umubiri (biopsie) birashoboka. Isuzuma ry’umuganga w’inzobere ni ingenzi.

15. Ni iyihe nzira nakurikiza ngo nirinze indwara?

Gukurikiza inama z’inzego z’ubuzima, guhitamo ibiribwa bifite umutekano no kwirinda ibikomoka ku matungo bikekwa birasabwa.

Inkomoko

• Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO): Indwara za Prion

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Kurwanya no Gukumira Indwara (CDC): Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) & Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

• Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe Umutekano w’Ibiribwa (EFSA): BSE n’indwara za prion mu matungo no mu bantu

• Prusiner SB. Prions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1998

• Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Ibiribwa n’Imiti (FDA): Amakuru kuri BSE & vCJD