Ibisebe byo mu Mara Matoya n’Inyama y’Igifu: Impamvu, Ibimenyetso n’Uburyo bwo Kuvura

Ibisebe byo mu gifu n’icya duodenum (onikiparmak) ni igihombo cy’uturemangingo tuboneka imbere muri ibi bice, giterwa n’ingaruka z’umusemburo w’aside yo mu gifu n’utundi dusohora ifasha mu igogorwa. Ibi bisebe, bitewe n’ingaruka z’aside n’utundi dusohora, bishobora kugera kure mu turemangingo bigatera ibisebe n’ukubyimbirwa. Ibisebe ni indwara yo mu mwijima w’igogorwa ikunze kugaragara ku isi hose, ishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima.

Ni iki gitera ibisebe?

Impamvu ikunze gutera ibisebe byo mu gifu no mu duodenum ni agakoko kitwa Helicobacter pylori. Indi mpamvu ikomeye ni ikoreshwa ry’igihe kirekire ry’imiti idafite imisemburo ya steroid ikoreshwa mu kurwanya kubyimbirwa (NSAID), cyane cyane aspirin n’imiti itandukanye ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z’imitsi. Hari n’izindi mpamvu zishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibisebe zirimo imiterere y’umubiri yandurirwamo, stress y’igihe kirekire, imiti isa na cortisone, itabi, kunywa inzoga, gukoresha cyane caffeine (nko kunywa ikawa) n’ibindi biterwa n’ibidukikije. Ariko izi mpamvu zishobora gutandukana bitewe n’umuntu.

Ibisebe bikunze kugaragara ku myaka ingahe no ku bantu ki?

Nubwo ibisebe bishobora kugaragara ku myaka iyo ari yo yose, ibisebe byo mu duodenum bikunze kugaragara cyane hagati y’imyaka 30 na 50, cyane cyane ku bagabo. Ku rundi ruhande, ibisebe byo mu gifu bikunze kugaragara cyane mu myaka yisumbuyeho, cyane cyane ku bagore barengeje imyaka 60. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi butandukanye bubigaragaza, hagati ya 2% na 6% by’abantu bashobora gusangwamo ibisebe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Ibisebe byo mu duodenum bikunze kugaragara kurusha ibisebe byo mu gifu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’ibisebe?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy’ibisebe byo mu gifu no mu duodenum ni ububabare bumera nko gushya cyangwa kuribwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy’inda. Ubu bubabare bukunze kwiyongera iyo umuntu ashonje, bushobora kugaragara hagati y’ifunguro cyangwa nijoro, ndetse bukaba bushobora kubyutsa umurwayi mu ijoro. Nyuma yo kurya cyangwa gufata imiti igabanya aside, ububabare bushobora kugabanuka. Hari n’ibindi bimenyetso biba gake nko kuribwa mu nda, kuruka, kubura appetit no kugabanuka kw’ibiro ku buryo utabishatse. By’umwihariko, kugabanuka k’ububabare nyuma yo kuruka ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cy’ibisebe. Hari igihe bimwe mu bimenyetso byiyongera cyane cyane mu bihe by’itumba n’itumba ryo mu mpeshyi.

Ni izihe ngaruka zikomeye z’ibisebe?

Kuva amaraso: Impamvu ikunze gutera kuva amaraso mu gice cyo hejuru cy’umwijima w’igogorwa ni ibisebe. Kuri bamwe, kuva amaraso bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy’ibisebe. Kugira amara asohoka afite ibara ry’umukara cyane cyangwa kuruka bifite isura y’ikawa ni ikimenyetso gikomeye kigomba kwitabwaho. Kugira intege nke bitunguranye, ibyuya bikonje nabyo bishobora kuba ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso. Iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye, ni ngombwa kwihutira kujya kwa muganga.

Kudacika (Perforation): Iyo igisebe cyimbitse kikagera ku rukuta rwose rw’igifu cyangwa duodenum, aside n’utundi dusohora bishobora gusohokera mu nda bikaba byatera ububabare bukabije butunguranye. Imikaya yo mu nda irakomera, umurwayi akagira ikibazo cyo kugenda. Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye gikeneye kubagwa byihuse.

Kuziba: By’umwihariko, mu gice cyegereye umwobo usohokamo ibiryo mu gifu (pylorus), igisebe gikomeye, kubyimba kw’uturemangingo cyangwa igikomere cyamaze igihe kirekire bishobora gutera kuziba. Ibi bituma ibiryo n’amazi bidashobora kuva mu gifu, umurwayi akaruka kenshi kandi menshi. Ibi bishobora gutera kugabanuka kw’ibiro no kubura intungamubiri. Ibi bibazo bisaba gupimwa no kuvurwa byihuse, rimwe na rimwe hakaba hakenewe kubagwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibisebe?

Mu barwayi bakekwaho ibisebe, gusuzuma neza amateka y’uburwayi no gukora isuzuma ry’umubiri ni ingenzi. Ariko isuzuma ry’umubiri cyangwa gusuzuma hakoreshejwe ultrasound ntibikunze gutanga ibisubizo byihariye ku bisebe. Mu buzima busanzwe, hakunze gukoreshwa imiti igabanya aside yo mu gifu, hakarebwa niba ibimenyetso bigabanuka. Gusa isuzuma ntakuka ni ugukoresha endoskopi yo mu gice cyo hejuru cy’umwijima w’igogorwa (özofagogastroduodenoskopi). Muri endoskopi, umuyoboro w’ibiryo, igifu na duodenum birebwa neza, kandi ahakekwa hashobora gufatwamo uduce two gupima. Nubwo hari n’ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma hakoreshejwe baryum, muri iki gihe endoskopi niyo ikoreshwa cyane.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu kuvura ibisebe?

Gukoresha imiti:

Uburyo bugezweho bwo kuvura bushingiye ku miti igabanya ikorwa ry’aside yo mu gifu nka proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole n’iyindi) na H2 receptor blockers (ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine n’indi). Iyi miti ifasha igisebe gukira no kugabanya ibimenyetso. Iyo habonetse ko hari ubwandu bwa Helicobacter pylori, gukoresha antibiotique ikwiye ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuvuzi. Igihe cyo kuvura n’imitwe y’imiti biterwa n’aho igisebe giherereye, ubunini bwacyo n’ubuzima rusange bw’umurwayi.

Kubagwa:

Ibisebe byinshi bikira neza hakoreshejwe imiti. Ariko iyo habayeho kuva amaraso, kudacika cyangwa kuziba, cyangwa igisebe ntikikire nubwo havuzwe, kubagwa birakenewe.

Imirire n’imibereho:

Kera abarwayi b’ibisebe bagirwaga inama yo kugendera ku mirire ikomeye; ariko ubu ntihariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko imirire yihariye ifasha igisebe gukira. Gukurikiranira hafi ibiryo byongera ibimenyetso no kubyirinda birahagije. Kandi, itabi ritinza gukira kw’igisebe, bityo gusiga kurinywa birasabwa. Kwirinda inzoga n’imiti idakenewe (cyane cyane aspirin na NSAID) nabyo ni ingenzi mu kuvura ibisebe.

Kugabanya stress, kurya neza no kuryama bihagije nabyo bifasha mu gukira kw’ibisebe.

Umubano wa Helicobacter pylori n’ibisebe

Helicobacter pylori niyo mpamvu nyamukuru y’ibisebe byinshi. Mu bisebe byo mu duodenum, iyi mikorobe iboneka cyane. Ariko hari abantu bafite iyi mikorobe ariko ntibagire ibisebe; bityo hakekwa ko hari n’izindi mpamvu zishingiye ku miterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije. Helicobacter pylori ishobora gutera n’ukubyimbirwa kudakira mu gifu, ndetse ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko ishobora no kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’igifu.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

1. Ese igisebe kirakira burundu?

Ibisebe byinshi, iyo havuwe neza hakoreshejwe imiti n’antibiotique ikwiye iyo hari ubwandu, birakira neza. Ariko ni ngombwa gukomeza kwitwararika kugira ngo bitagaruka.

2. Helicobacter pylori yandurira he?

Iyi mikorobe ikunze kwandurira hagati y’abantu, binyuze mu kanwa cyangwa ahantu hatari isuku ihagije.

3. Ni ibiki byagombye kwitabwaho kugira ngo igisebe kitagaruka?

Nubwo waba warakize, ni ngombwa kwirinda itabi, imiti itari ngombwa ivura ububabare n’inzoga; kurya neza no gukurikiza isuku nabyo ni ingenzi.

4. Ni uruhe ruhare rw’imirire mu kuvura igisebe?

Nta mirire yihariye igenewe abarwayi b’ibisebe, ariko kwirinda ibiryo bikurura ibimenyetso ni inama nyamukuru.

5. Ese kuva amaraso kubera igisebe gishobora guteza ibyago ku buzima?

Kuva amaraso gukomeye bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Iyo habonetse amara y’umukara cyangwa kuruka bifite ibara ry’ikawa, ni ngombwa kwihutira kujya kwa muganga.

6. Ni iyihe miti ishobora gutera igisebe?

Aspirin, ibuprofen n’indi miti yo mu bwoko bwa NSAID iyo ikoreshwa igihe kirekire byongera ibyago byo kugira igisebe.

7. Ese stress ishobora gutera igisebe?

Stress yonyine ntiyatera igisebe, ariko ishobora kongera aside yo mu gifu cyangwa igatuma ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugabanuka, bityo igisebe kikoroha.

8. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy’igisebe ni ikihe?

Ni ububabare bumera nko gushya cyangwa kuribwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy’inda, cyane cyane iyo umuntu ashonje.

9. Ese iyo habonetse Helicobacter pylori ihita ivurwa?

Mu barwayi bafite igisebe gikora cyangwa ibimenyetso by’ukubyimbirwa kudakira mu gifu, kuvurwa birasabwa.

10. Ese abana bashobora kugira igisebe?

Yego, nubwo bibaho gake, abana nabo bashobora kugira igisebe. Iyo hari ibimenyetso, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga w’inzobere mu ndwara z’igogorwa z’abana.

11. Ese gukora endoskopi biragoye?

Endoskopi ni igikorwa kimara igihe gito, gikunze kwihanganirwa kandi gishobora gukorwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti ituma umurwayi atuza.

12. Ese nyuma yo kuvurwa igisebe bisaba gufata imiti ubuzima bwose?

Abenshi ntibakenera imiti nyuma yo kurangiza kuvurwa. Ariko niba hari ibyago bikomeza (nko gukoresha NSAID), muganga ashobora kugena ko hakomeza gufatwa imiti igihe kirekire.

Amasoko

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) – Ifishi y’amakuru ku ndwara y’ibisebe byo mu gifu

Ishuri Rikuru rya Amerika ry’Abaganga b’Indwara z’Igifu – Amabwiriza ku Gusuzuma no Kuvura Indwara y’Igisebe cyo mu Gifu n’Ubwandu bwa H. pylori

Kliniki ya Mayo – Indwara y’Igisebe cyo mu Gifu

Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Indwara za Diyabete, Indwara z’Igogora n’Indwara z’Impyiko (NIDDK) – Ibisobanuro n’Amakuru ku Bisebe byo mu Gifu

Itsinda Mpuzamahanga ryo Kwiga kuri Helicobacter pylori – H. pylori n’Indwara z’Igifu

Ishyirahamwe ry’Abaganga b’Igifu muri Amerika – Amakuru y’Ubuvuzi ku Bisebe byo mu Gifu