Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Mō te Mate Toto (Lūsemi)

He aha te Leukaemia?

Ko te leukaemia he momo mate pukupuku e puta mai ana i te tipu koretake, koretake hoki o ngā pūtau toto i roto i te kōiwi, ka kitea i ngā reanga katoa, engari he nui ake te kitea i ngā tamariki me te hunga pakeke kei runga ake i te 50 tau. Mēnā ka kitea wawe te mate, ka tino piki te angitū o te maimoatanga. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia mōhiotia wawe ngā tohu o te leukaemia, kia tīmata wawe te maimoatanga.

Ka puta te leukaemia i te tipu tere, koretake hoki o ngā pūtau pakiaka i roto i te kōiwi, kāore anō kia oti te whanaketanga. I te tuatahi ka pā ki te kiko kōiwi, ā, ka taea te hora ki te tinana katoa. Ka mahia i te kōiwi ngā pūtau toto whero (erythrocytes), ngā pūtau toto mā (leukocytes), me ngā pūtau whakatūpū (platelets). Ko ngā pūtau toto mā he tino wāhanga ki te ārai i te tinana i ngā mate urutā me ngā pūtau e huri ana hei mate pukupuku.

Ka taea hoki te hanga i ngā pūtau toto mā i ētahi atu whekau pēnei i ngā kōpū lymph, te whatukuhu me te thymus. Ki te kore e rongoāhia te leukaemia, ka tino taumaha te haere o te mate. Ko ngā momo leukaemia e ahu mai ana i te tipu nui o ngā pūtau toto mā kua pakeke, he āta haere; ko ngā momo e tipu nui ana ngā pūtau kāore anō kia pakeke, he tere, ā, ka puta ngā tohu taumaha i roto i ētahi wiki, marama rānei.

He aha ngā Momo Leukaemia?

Ka wehea te leukaemia ki ngā rōpū matua e rua e ai ki te tere o te whanaketanga: te mate koi (tere te haere) me te mate mauroa (āta haere). Ko te mate koi, he tere te tipu o ngā pūtau me ngā tohu ohorere; ko te mate mauroa, he āta haere, he roa te wā ka kitea ai ngā tohu.

Ka wehea anō ēnei rōpū matua e ai ki te momo pūtau toto mā e tipu koretake ana:

• Mēnā i ahu mai i ngā pūtau myeloid, ka kīia ko “leukaemia myeloid”,

• Mēnā i ahu mai i ngā pūtau lymphocyte, ka kīia ko “leukaemia lymphoblastic (rānei lymphocytic)”.

He ētahi atu momo leukaemia kāore i te kitea nuitia (hei tauira: leukaemia myelomonocytic tamariki, leukaemia pūtau huruhuru).

Ko ngā momo matua e whā o te leukaemia ko ēnei:

1. Leukaemia Lymphoblastic Koi (ALL)

Koinei te momo tino kitea i ngā tamariki, ā, ka kitea hoki i te hunga pakeke. Ka tipu koretake ngā pūtau toto mā kāore anō kia pakeke, nō te pūtaketanga lymphocyte. Ka rerekē te oranga o te hunga mate ALL i te pakeke me te tamariki, e ai ki te pakeke, te hauora whānui me te urupare ki te maimoatanga.

2. Leukaemia Myeloid Koi (AML)

Ka puta mai i te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau myeloid kāore anō kia pakeke. He nui te kitea i te hunga pakeke taitamariki me te hunga pakeke rawa. Kei te piki haere te angitū o te maimoatanga AML nā ngā whanaketanga rongoā.

3. Leukaemia Lymphocytic Mauroa (KLL)

He nui te kitea i te hunga pakeke rawa, he maha kei runga ake i te 60 tau. I tēnei momo, ka kohikohi ngā pūtau lymphocyte kua pakeke engari kāore e mahi tika ana, ka whakararuraru i te mahi o te kōiwi me ētahi atu kiko.

4. Leukaemia Myeloid Mauroa (KML)

I te hunga kei waenganui i te 25-60 tau ka kitea nuitia te KML, ā, ka tipu koretake ngā pūtau myeloid. Kua pai ake te oranga nā ngā rongoā hou e aro ana ki ngā pūtau motuhake.

He aha ngā Tohu o te Leukaemia?

He ōrite ngā tohu o te leukaemia ki ētahi atu mate kōiwi, ā, ko ēnei ngā tino tohu:

• Te ngoikore, te kākā, te hohoro o te ngenge, te hē o te manawa (nā te kore toto whero)

• Ngā mate urutā auau (nā te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate)

• Ngā toto ohorere i te ihu, i ngā kapia, i raro i te kiri, ngā puruhi me ngā raru iti (petechiae)

• Kore hiahia kai, ngaronga taumaha, werawera i te pō

• Ngā mate urutā me te kirika teitei e roa ana

• Ngā mamae kōiwi me ngā hononga

• Te rahi o ngā kōpū lymph i te kaki, i raro i te ringa, i te hope rānei

• Ngā pupuhi i te kiri, i te puku rānei

Leukaemia i ngā Tamariki: Ngā Tohu me ngā Kitenga

He wāhanga nui o ngā mate pukupuku i ngā tamariki ko te leukaemia, ā, he nui ake te kitea i ngā tamariki kei waenga i te 2-10 tau. I ngā pēpi, ka heke haere ngā matū ārai mate i te waiū o te whaea i ngā marama tuatahi, ka tīmata te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whanake. I tēnei wā, ka piki te mōrea o te leukaemia nā ētahi mate huaketo, te āhua o ngā ira, me te kore o te huaora D.

Ngā tohu auau i ngā tamariki:

• Te tino kākā o te kiri

• Ngaronga taumaha, kore hiahia kai

• Ngā mate kirika roa, auau rānei

• Ngā puruhi me ngā pupuhi i te tinana

• Te rahi me te kī o te puku

• Ngā mamae kōiwi, hononga rānei

I te whanaketanga o te mate, ka taea te hora o ngā pūtau mate pukupuku ki te pūnaha io matua, ki ētahi atu whekau rānei, ka puta ngā tohu pērā i te māuiui o te māhunga, te ruaki, ngā mate āio pērā i te rū.

He aha ngā Āhuatanga Mōrea mō te Leukaemia?

He tino wāhi te leukaemia i roto i ngā mate pukupuku o te ao, ā, he nui ake te kitea i te hunga tāne i te hunga wāhine. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga mōrea mō ia momo leukaemia:

Leukaemia Lymphoblastic Koi (ALL)

Ahakoa kāore e mōhiotia katoatia ngā take, ko te noho ki ngā hihi iraruke teitei, ētahi matū pērā i te penehīni, te whiwhi rongoā mate pukupuku i mua, ētahi mate huaketo (HTLV-1, Epstein–Barr), ētahi mate ira (Down syndrome, Fanconi anaemia), ka piki te mōrea o te ALL.

Leukaemia Myeloid Koi (AML)

Ko ngā panonitanga ira, te piki o te mōrea me te pakeke, te kai paipa, ētahi mate toto, te whiwhi rongoā mate pukupuku i mua, me te Down syndrome, he mōrea mō te AML.

Leukaemia Lymphocytic Mauroa (KLL)

Kāore anō kia tino mōhiotia te take o te KLL. Heoi, ko te pakeke, te tāne, te pā ki ētahi matū, me te hītori o te KLL i roto i te whānau, ka piki te mōrea.

Leukaemia Myeloid Mauroa (KML)

He hono te KML ki tētahi panonitanga ira i puta i te oranga, kāore i whānau mai. Ko te “Philadelphia chromosome” tētahi panonitanga ira e kitea ana i te nuinga o ngā take KML, ā, ka hua ai te tipu koretake o ngā pūtau i te kōiwi.

Me pēhea te Tautuhi i te Leukaemia?

Ko te whāinga i te tautuhi leukaemia, kia tika te kitea te mate, tōna momo me te whānui o te hora. Ko ngā mahi matua i te wā o te tautuhi ko ēnei:

• Te uiui whānui me te tirotiro tinana: Ka arotakehia te kākā e tohu ana i te anemia, te rahi o ngā kōpū lymph, ngā rerekētanga o te kiri.

• Ngā whakamātautau toto: Te tatau toto katoa, te matū toto, ngā mahi ate me ngā whakamātautau whakatūpū.

• Te tātari toto ā-waho: Hei kimi i ngā pūtau koretake i roto i te toto.

• Te pokanga kōiwi/te kume kōiwi: Hei tautuhi i te mate, inā koa i ngā take koi, ka tirohia te tauira kōiwi i raro i te karu whakanui.

• Ngā whakamātautau ira me te rāpoi ngota: Inā koa i te KML, ka rangahaua te chromosome Philadelphia me te panonitanga ira BCR-ABL.

Ko te nuinga o ngā pokanga kōiwi ka mahia i te iwi hope, ā, ka arotakengia i ngā taiwhanga motuhake.

He aha ngā Maimoatanga mō te Leukaemia?

Me whakarite te mahere maimoatanga kia hāngai ki te momo leukaemia me te hauora whānui o te tūroro, ā, mā tētahi rōpū mātanga i ngā mate toto me te mate pukupuku e whakahaere. I ēnei rā, ko ngā maimoatanga matua mō te leukaemia ko ēnei:

Rongoā Mate Pukupuku (Kemotherapy)

Ko te whāinga kia whakakore i ngā pūtau koretake mā ngā rongoā rerekē. Ka whakatauhia ngā rongoā me te whakamahinga e ai ki te momo leukaemia me te āhuatanga motuhake o te tūroro.

Rongoā Iraruke (Radiotherapy)

Ka whakamahia ngā ngaru kaha hei whakangaro i ngā pūtau leukaemia. Ka whakamahia te rongoā iraruke i ētahi take motuhake, i ētahi wā hei whakarite mō te whakatō pūtau pakiaka.

Ngā Maimoatanga Ira me te Rāpoi Ngota

Ko ngā rongoā hou hei whakapakari i te pūnaha ārai mate, hei aro rānei ki ngā pūtau mate pukupuku (immunotherapy, ngā āpiti ira, ngā maimoatanga rāpoi ngota) he wāhanga nui i ētahi momo leukaemia. Hei tauira, ko ngā aukati tyrosine kinase mō te KML kua huri i te maimoatanga o tēnei mate, ā, he iti ake ngā pānga taha i te rongoā mate pukupuku.

Te Whakakapi Pūtau Pakiaka (Te Whakakapi Kōiwi)

Ko te tango katoa i te kōiwi kōhatu me te whakakapi ki ngā pūtau pakiaka hauora, ko tēnei tukanga tētahi o ngā rongoā tino whai hua, ā, ka whakamahia ki ngā tūroro e tika ana. I te wā o te tukanga me muri mai, ka kitea pea ētahi pānga taha. Me tino aro ki ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te pūnaha ārai mate (hei tauira, GVHD), te kino ki ngā whekau me te mōrea o te mate urutā. Nō reira, me whakahaere te tukanga whakawhitinga i ngā pokapū whai wheako.

Ngā Rongoā Tautoko

Hei whakaiti i te mōrea o te anemia, te mate urutā me te toto rere i runga i te rongoā haumanu me ētahi atu rongoā, ka hiahiatia te whakawhitinga toto, ngā rongoā ārai mate urutā, ngā rongoā paturopi mēnā e tika ana, me ētahi atu rongoā tautoko.

Nā ngā aronga rongoā hou, kua tino piki te oranga o ngā tūroro leukemia i ngā tau tata nei. Hei tauira, i ngā tau 1970, ko te oranga mō te rima tau he 30% pea, engari i ēnei rā, e ai ki ngā raraunga o nāianei, nā te rongoā tika me te kitenga wawe, kua piki ake tēnei tatauranga ki runga ake i te 60%.

Kia maumahara; mō te kitenga wawe me te rongoā whai hua, me toro wawe ki tētahi whare hauora ina kitea ngā tohu, he tino painga mō te kounga o te oranga me te ahunga o te mate.

Ngā Pātai Auau

1. He mate pāwhiti te leukemia?

Kāo, ehara te leukemia i te mate pāwhiti. Ka puta mai i ngā rerekētanga ira, ngā āhuatanga taiao me ngā mōrearea takitahi, ā, kāore e tuku i te tangata ki te tangata.

2. He aha te tino take o te leukemia?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e mōhiotia te tino take o te leukemia. Heoi, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga ira, ētahi matū, te iraruke me ētahi huaketo te whakapiki i te mōrea.

3. Ka taea te rongoā i te leukemia?

He maha ngā momo leukemia, otirā mēnā ka kitea wawe, ka taea te whakahaere, te whakakore rānei. Ka rerekē te tūmanako rongoā i runga i te pakeke o te tūroro, te āhua whānui me te momo leukemia.

4. Ka pēhea te roa o te oranga o te hunga leukemia?

Ko te roa o te oranga i te leukemia e pā tata ana ki te momo mate, te wā i kitea ai, te urupare ki te rongoā me ngā āhuatanga hauora takitahi. I ēnei rā, ka taea te oranga roa nā ngā rongoā angitu.

5. He aha i nui ake ai te kitea o te leukemia i ngā tamariki?

Ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga ira me te ārai mate i ngā tamariki, i te pāhekoheko ki ngā āhuatanga taiao, te whakapiki i te mōrea o te leukemia. Heoi, i te nuinga o ngā tamariki, kāore e kitea te tino take.

6. He pai te whakawhitinga kōiwi kōhatu mō te katoa?

Kāo, ehara i te mea ka tūtohuhia te whakawhitinga kōiwi kōhatu ki ia tūroro. Ka aromatawaihia te hāngaitanga e ngā rata i runga i te pakeke, te āhua hauora whānui, te momo mate me ētahi atu āhuatanga rongoā.

7. Ka taea e ngā tohu leukemia te hāngai ki ētahi atu mate?

Ka taea e te leukemia te hāngai ki ngā tohu o ētahi mate urutā, ngā momo anemia me ētahi atu mate toto. Mā ngā whakamātautau toto katoa me ngā rangahau hōhonu ka taea te wehewehe.

8. Ka taea te ārai i te leukemia?

Ahakoa kāore e taea te ārai katoa, mā te karo i te kai paipa me ngā matū kino, te whai i ngā tikanga oranga hauora, me te haere ki ngā arowhai hauora auau ka āwhina ki te kitenga wawe o te mate.

9. He māmā ake te pāngia o te hunga leukemia ki te mate urutā?

Āe, ka pāngia te kōiwi kōhatu me te pūnaha ārai mate. Nō reira, he mea nui te tiaki i te ma, te karo i ngā wāhi kikī me ngā wāhi mate urutā, me te tango i ngā ārai mēnā e tika ana.

10. Ka mate te makawe i te leukemia?

Ka taea e ētahi rongoā (otirā te rongoā haumanu) te take i te mate o te makawe i te wā rongoā. He pānga rangitahi tēnei, ā, ka tipu anō te makawe i muri i te rongoā.

11. He mate tuku iho te leukemia?

Kāore te nuinga o ngā take leukemia e pā ana ki te tuku iho. Heoi, ka taea e ētahi tūmomo ira te whakapiki i te mōrea o te leukemia.

12. He aha ngā mea me aro i te wā rongoā leukemia?

He mea nui te ārai i te mate urutā, te whai i ngā tohutohu a te rata, te kore e wareware ki ngā arowhai auau, me te whakamōhio i te rōpū hauora mō ngā pānga taha.

Ngā Rauemi

• Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO): Leukemia

• Ngā Pokapū Manaaki me te Ārai Mate o Amerika (CDC): Ngā Meka mō te Tūroro Leukemia

• Te Rōpū Matepukupuku o Amerika: Tirohanga Leukemia

• Te Rōpū Hematology o Uropi: Ngā Aratohu Leukemia

• Cancer Research UK: Ngā Momo me ngā Rongoā Leukemia