Faka'osi mo e Ta'otaha Tūpē Māmā: Ko e Hā 'a e Uhinga, Ko Hai 'e Fai ki ai pea mo e Founga 'o e Ngāue Tokoni?
ʻAʻafi ʻo e Fakaʻosi mo e Fetuʻutaki Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e Fakaʻosi
Ko e fakaʻosi, ʻoku ʻikai ngata ai pē ʻi he palopalema fakaʻilonga; ka ʻoku ne kau ki he ngaahi ʻuhinga mahuʻinga taha ʻo e mole ʻo e moʻui ʻi māmani ʻi he ngaahi mahaki ʻe lava ke taʻe hoko. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu lahi, hili ʻa e kanisā ʻi he huhuʻa, ʻoku hoko ʻa e fakaʻosi ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻuhinga lahi ʻo e mate fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. Ko hono anga lahi mo e ngaahi konga kehekehe, ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi palopalema lahi ʻo e moʻui, hange ko e mahaki fatu mo e toto, taipu 2 diabetes mo e fakafiefia, pea ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi lahi ʻa e lelei ʻo e moʻui ʻo e tangata.
ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ʻe he Kautaha Moʻui ʻo Māmani (WHO) ʻa e fakaʻosi ko ha palopalema moʻui ʻoku fakatupulaki lahi ʻa e ngaahi konga huhuʻa ʻo e sino pea mo e fakapikopiko lahi ʻo e huhuʻa ʻi he sino, ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakasino, fakakaukau mo fakasosiale. ʻI he ngaahi mahaki ʻoku fesili mo e fakaʻosi, ʻoku faingofua ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga kanisā, metabolic syndrome, toto māolunga, mo e palopalema mo e mohe mo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e hui.
Ko e ʻUhinga ʻo e Fakaʻosi mo e Founga Fakalapa ki he Faitoʻo
Ko e nofo taʻe feʻaveʻaki mo e ngaahi anga fakakaiʻanga kai taʻe lelei, ko e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ia ʻoku ne fakatupulaki ʻa e faingamalie ke hoko ʻa e fakaʻosi. ʻOku fiemaʻu ke fai ʻa e ngaahi palani kai mo e feʻaveʻaki ʻi he ngaahi founga fakafakalakalaka, ka ʻoku ʻikai ke faingofua ke fakahoko ʻe he tokolahi. Ko e faingataʻa ʻo e tauhi ki he faitoʻo ʻoku lava ke fakangatangata ʻa e mole kihiʻi mamafa pea ʻoku lava ke toe kovi ange ʻa e tuʻunga moʻui.
ʻI he ngaahi founga fakafaitoʻo fakamaama, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fili kehekehe, pea ʻoku hoko ʻa e ngaahi founga taotao fakafaitoʻo ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻosi lahi ko e ngaahi founga mahuʻinga taha. ʻI he ngaahi founga ko ʻeni, ko e taotao tube (sleeve gastrectomy), ʻoku ne hā ai ʻa e lelei mo e malu.
Ko e Hā ʻa e Taotao Tube (Sleeve Gastrectomy)?
Ko e taotao tube, ko ha founga ʻoku toʻo ai ʻi he taotao ʻa e 75-80% ʻo e manava. ʻOku toe toe ʻa e manava ʻi ha anga lahi mo ha tube. Ko e founga ko ʻeni, ʻoku lava ke mamalie ʻa e tangata ʻi he konga siʻi ange ʻo e kai pea ʻoku siʻisiʻi lahi ʻa e kalori ʻoku inu. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e founga ko ʻeni ʻikai ngata pē ki he mole mamafa, ka ʻoku ne tokoni foki ki he lelei ʻo e ngaahi palopalema moʻui ʻoku fesili mo e fakaʻosi.
ʻOku lava ke tokoni ʻa e taotao tube ki he lelei pe toe mole ʻo e ngaahi palopalema moʻui ʻoku fesili mo e fakaʻosi heni:
Taipu 2 diabetes
Toto māolunga
Palopalema mo e mohe
Mahaki huhuʻa ʻo e ate
Polikisitiki ovā (PCOS)
Mahaki reflux
Palopalema ʻo e hui
Ko hai ʻoku totonu ki he Taotao Tube?
ʻOku fakahā atu ʻa e taotao ni ki he kakai ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e body mass index (BMI) ʻi he 40 pe lahi ange, pe ko e BMI ʻi he 35 pe lahi ange mo e ngaahi palopalema moʻui kehe. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻoku ui ko e "morbid obesity" pe "super obesity", ʻoku lelei mo malu ʻa e founga taotao. Foki, ki he kakai ʻoku ʻikai ke lava ke mole mamafa ʻi he kai mo e feʻaveʻaki, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema moʻui lahi, ʻoku lava ke fai ʻa e taotao tube.
Ko e tokolahi ʻo e kakai ʻoku fai ki ai ʻa e taotao tube, ʻoku nau lava ke mole ʻa e 50-80% ʻo honau mamafa lahi ʻi he taʻu ʻuluaki. ʻOku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi sivi ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻa e faingataʻa ʻo e taotao, pea ʻoku maʻu lelei ʻa e ngaahi ola ʻi he ngaahi mahaki hange ko e diabetes.
Founga Fakalapa ʻo e Taotao Fakafaitoʻo ʻi Māmani
ʻOku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi sivi lahi (hange ko e Sweden Obesity Study, SOS) ʻoku lelei mo fakakaukaú ʻa e taotao fakafaitoʻo ki he mole mamafa. ʻOku fakafiemālie ʻa e founga taotao ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi ko e founga mahuʻinga ki he faitoʻo fakaʻosi. ʻI he ngaahi founga fakatekinikale foʻou, ʻoku fai lahi ʻa e taotao ʻi he founga kapau (laparoscopic); ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e taimi fakafoki mo e faingataʻa.
Founga Fai ʻo e Taotao
ʻOku fai lahi ʻa e taotao tube ʻi he founga laparoscopic, ʻo hā ai ko ha founga siʻi. ʻOku hū ʻi he konga siʻi ʻo e konga konga ʻo e konga ʻo e manava, pea ʻoku vaheʻi ʻaki ha meʻangaue fakafaitoʻo ʻoku ui ko e stapler pea toʻo ʻa e konga fie. ʻOku toe toe ʻa e manava ʻi ha anga tube siʻi mo narrow. Ko e toe siʻi ʻo e manava, pea mo e siʻi ʻo e ngaahi hormone hange ko e ghrelin ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he manava, ʻoku tokoni ki he puleʻi ʻo e fiekaí mo e inu kalori.
ʻOku vave ʻa e taimi fakafoki. Ko e tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki, ʻoku nau lava ke tuʻu ʻi he ʻaho siʻi hili ʻa e taotao pea toe foki ki he moʻui masani ʻi he uike siʻi.
Mole Mamafa mo e Lelei ʻo e Moʻui Hili ʻa e Taotao
Ko e ngaahi lelei lahi ʻoku sio ki ai hili ʻa e taotao tube ko ʻeni:
Ko e mole ʻo e mamafa lahi ʻi he taʻu ʻuluaki
Ko e toe lelei pe mole ʻo e ngaahi mahaki hange ko e taipu 2 diabetes, toto māolunga mo e palopalema mo e mohe
Ko e lelei ʻo e kolesterol mo e ngaahi huhuʻa ʻi he toto
Ko e siʻisiʻi ʻo e mamahi ʻi he hui ʻo e vae mo e vae
Ko e toe lelei ʻo e lelei ʻo e moʻui mo e feʻaveʻaki
ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e mole mamafa fakataimi loloa ʻi he founga taotao ʻi he ngaahi founga taʻe taotao. ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e mole mamafa ʻi he tangata kotoa, ka ʻoku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi sivi ʻoku lava ke mole ʻa e 50-80% ʻo e mamafa lahi ʻi he taʻu ʻuluaki ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki.
Ngaahi Faingataʻa mo e Malu ʻo e Taotao
Hange ko e ngaahi taotao kotoa pē, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi faingataʻa ʻi he taotao tube. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ʻa e faingataʻa ʻi he ngaahi founga taotao foʻou, pea ʻoku faingofua pe faingataʻa ʻi he tokolahi. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ʻa e faingataʻa lahi, pea ʻoku fakalahi ʻa e malu ʻaki ha sivi totonu pea mo e tokangaʻi ʻe he timi poto. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ʻa e taimi nofo ʻi he falemahaki hili ʻa e taotao; ʻoku lava ke foki ʻa e tokolahi ʻi he ʻaho 3-4.
Ngaahi Liliu ʻi he Kai mo e Moʻui
Koeʻuhi ke toe fakahoko lelei ʻa e mole mamafa hili ʻa e taotao, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke tauhi ki he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni kai. ʻI he uike kamataʻanga, ʻoku inu vai pē, pea toe liliu ki he pulu pea toe ki he kai mālohi. Koeʻuhi ko e siʻisiʻi ʻo e manava, ʻoku vave ange ʻa e mamalie; ʻoku totonu ke tuʻu ha taimi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e inu mo e kai mālohi ke maluʻi ʻa e manava. ʻOku fiemaʻu foki ʻa e tokoni protein, vitamin mo e mineral. ʻI he taimi ko ʻeni, ʻoku tokoni ʻa e feʻaveʻaki ʻi he pule ʻa e fakamole mamafa mo e maluʻi ʻa e hui mo e kili.
Fakamole ʻo e Taotao Tube
ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e fakamole ʻo e taotao tube ʻi he poto ʻo e timi taotao, ngaahi meʻa ʻoku maʻu ʻe he senitā mo e ngaahi meʻangaue fakafaitoʻo ʻe fiemaʻu. Koeʻuhi ke maʻu ha fakamole totonu, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke sivi ʻe he toketā. Ke maʻu ha fakamatala lahi ange, ʻoku totonu ke fetuʻutaki mo ha senitā moʻui pe toketā poto.
ʻI he fakaʻosi, ʻoku hoko ʻa e taotao tube ko ha founga lelei mo fakalakalaka ki he tauʻi ʻo e fakaʻosi, ʻoku ne tokoni ki he lelei ʻo e moʻui mo e fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e ngaahi palopalema moʻui. ʻOku totonu ke fai ha sivi fakalukufua ʻi he takitaha pea fokotuʻutuʻu ha palani totonu ʻi he tokoni ʻa e timi moʻui poto.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi Fakaʻataʻata
1. Ko e hā ʻa e taotao tube mo hono founga?
Ko e taotao tube, ko ha founga taotao ʻoku fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e manava ke ne tokoni ke kai siʻi ange ʻa e tangata pea mole mamafa. ʻI he founga laparoscopic (kapau), ʻoku toʻo ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e manava pea toe toe ʻa e manava ʻi ha anga tube.
2. Ko hai ʻoku totonu ki he taotao tube?
Ko e kakai ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e body mass index 40 pe lahi ange, pe ko e 35 pe lahi ange mo e ngaahi palopalema moʻui kehe, ʻoku totonu ki he taotao. ʻOku fiemaʻu ha sivi toketā ke fai ha fakapapauʻi totonu.
3. Ko e hā ʻa e mole mamafa ʻoku toe fakahā hili ʻa e taotao tube?
ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e tangata kotoa, ka ʻoku lava ke mole ʻa e 50-80% ʻo e mamafa lahi ʻi he taʻu ʻuluaki ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki. ʻOku kehekehe ʻa e mole mamafa ʻi he taʻu, taʻu, metabolism mo e moʻui ʻo e tangata.
4. ʻOku ʻi ai ha faingataʻa ke toe foki ki he mamafa motuʻa hili ʻa e taotao?
Ko e liliu ʻo e moʻui mo e tauhi ki he ngaahi fakahinohino ʻa e toketā, ʻoku tokoni ke maluʻi ʻa e mamafa foʻou. Kapau ʻe toe hoko ʻa e ngaahi anga kai taʻe lelei, ʻe lava ke toe mole mamafa.
5. Ko e hā ʻa e faingataʻa ʻo e taotao tube?
ʻI he ngaahi founga foʻou, ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻa e faingataʻa; ʻoku toe lelei ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga siʻi, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e leakage, toto pe infection.
6. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e taotao tube ki he diabetes mo e toto māolunga?
ʻI he tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki, ʻoku lelei lahi ʻa e diabetes taipu 2 mo e toto māolunga hili ʻa e taotao, pea ʻoku lava ke mole kakato ʻi he ngaahi taimi.
7. Founga ʻai ʻi mui ʻo e faitoʻo ʻoku totonu ke fai ai?
ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻoku ʻai ʻaki e vai pe ngaahi meʻakai vai; ʻi he kuonga, ʻoku liliu ki he puli pea toki hoko atu ki he ngaahi meʻakai mālohi. ʻE fakafou ʻi he tokoni ʻa e dietitian mo hoʻo toketā hoʻo polokalama ʻai fakataautaha.
8. ʻOku fiemaʻu ke fai ha ngāue moʻui lelei ʻi mui ʻo e faitoʻo?
Ke tokoni ki he mole mamafa pea ke taʻe mole e ngaahi hui, ʻoku fautuʻu ke fai ha ngāue moʻui lelei. ʻE fakahā atu ʻe ho toketā ʻi he taimi mo e ngaahi fa'ahinga ngāue moʻui lelei ʻoku totonu.
9. ʻOku siʻisiʻi ange e ongo ʻikai ʻai ʻi mui ʻo e faitoʻo?
ʻIo, he ʻoku toʻo e konga lahi ʻo e konga ʻo e manava ʻoku ne ngaohi e hormone ongo ʻikai ʻai ko e ghrelin, pea ʻoku siʻisiʻi lahi ai e ongo ʻikai ʻai ʻi he tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki.
10. Ko e hā e lōloa ʻo e faitoʻo manava?
ʻOku faifai pea ʻi he houa ʻe 1-2 e ngāue, ka ʻoku malava ke liliu ʻi he tuʻunga moʻui ʻo e mahaki mo e poto ʻo e toketā ngaue.
11. Ko e hā e taimi ʻe lava ai ke foki ki ʻapi mo e moʻui maʻolunga?
ʻOku tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki ʻoku nau foki ki ʻapi ʻi he ʻaho ʻe 3-4 hili e faitoʻo, pea ʻi he uike siʻi ʻe lava ke nau foki ki heʻenau moʻui fakaʻaho.
12. ʻOku fiemaʻu ha tokoni vaitamini mo e minelali ʻi mui ʻo e faitoʻo?
ʻI he lahi, ʻio. ʻE fautuʻu atu ʻe ho toketā e ngaahi vaitamini mo e minelali ʻoku totonu ki hoʻo fiemaʻu.
13. Ko e hā e founga fakafuofua ʻo e totongi faitoʻo?
ʻOku liliu e totongi faitoʻo ʻi he feituʻu ngaue, poto ʻo e timi moʻui, founga ngaue mo e ngaahi meʻangaue fakafaitoʻo ʻoku ngaueʻaki. ʻOku fiemaʻu ha feʻiloaki mo e toketā ke maʻu ha fakamatala totonu.
14. Ko e faitoʻo manava ko ha solusonuʻia tumau?
ʻOku tumau ʻi he lahi e mole mamafa ʻoku maʻu ʻaki e faitoʻo, ka ʻoku fiemaʻu ke hokohoko atu e ngaahi anga moʻui lelei ke fakapapauʻi e ikuna.
15. ʻOku hoko ha mole fulufulu ʻulu pe loloa e kili ʻi mui ʻo e faitoʻo?
Kapau ʻoku vave e mole mamafa, ʻe malava ke hoko ha mole fulufulu ʻulu fakataimi nounou pe loloa e kili. ʻOku tokoni e ʻai lelei mo e ngāue moʻui lelei ʻi he taimi ko ʻeni.
Ngaahi Ngaahi Konga Fakatotolo
Kautaha Moʻui ʻo Māmani (WHO): Fakatotolo ki he mamafa lahi mo e mamafa lahi ange
Kautaha ʻAmelika ki he Faitoʻo Metapoliki mo e Faitoʻo Mamafa Lahi (ASMBS)
Fakatotolo ʻo e kakai mamafa lahi Suēteni (SOS) – New England Journal of Medicine
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Fakatotolo ki he mamafa lahi ʻi he kakai matuʻotuʻa
The Lancet, "Fakatatau ʻo e mamafa lahi ʻi māmani, vahevahe fakalotofonua, mo e fonua", 2022
National Institutes of Health (NIH): Ngaahi Fakatonutonu ki he Faitoʻo Mamafa Lahi