Ko e Mokomoko mo e Fītaki o e Mokomoko: Ko e Ngaahi Fakamālohi, Ngaahi Fakatātaa mo e Founga Fakafaitoʻo
Fua ʻo e Hiku mo e Hikuʻuli
Ko e fua ʻo e hiku, ʻoku ne kau ai ʻa e ngaahi hiku ʻe 24 (vertebra), pea ko e konga lahi ia ʻo e sino ʻoku ne tokoni ki hono poupouʻi ʻo e sino. ʻI loto, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e hikuʻuli ʻoku ne fakatahaʻi ʻa e ngaahi hiko ʻo e ongoongo mei he ʻuto ki he sino. Ko e ngaahi kakano ʻoku ʻalaloʻi ʻa e fua ʻo e hiku ʻoku nau tokoni ki he ngaue mo e mālohi ʻo e tuʻunga hifo mo e tuʻunga ʻi mui.
ʻI he fakamatala fakafaitoʻo, ʻoku vahevahe ʻa e fua ʻo e hiku ki he ngaahi konga fā: Ko e konga ʻi ʻolunga ko e konga servikal, ko e konga moʻunga ko e konga torasik, ko e konga hifo ko e konga lumbar pea ko e konga i mui taha ko e konga sakral. Ko e konga hifo ʻo e hiku ʻoku kau ai ʻa e ngaahi hiku ʻe nima ʻoku fakamatala mei he L1 ki he L5. Ko e ngaahi disiki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi hiku (intervertebral disks) ʻoku nau tokoni ki he ngāue mo e fakasiʻisiʻi ʻo e ngaahi ta.
Ko e Hiku Fitaʻi Ko e Hā?
Ko e hiku fitaʻi ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku māvae ai ʻa e disiki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi hiku hifo pea ʻoku hū atu ai ʻa e kakano māfimafi ki he ngaahi hiko. Ko e fakamovetevete pe hifo ʻo e disiki ni ʻoku ʻave ai ke hoko ʻa e mamahi lahi ʻi he hiku mo e vaʻe. Ko e fakamāvae ʻo e disiki ʻoku faingofua ke hoko ʻi he taʻu mo e vaivai ʻo e ngaahi kakano, ka ʻoku toe faingofua ke vave ange ʻi he ngaahi ngaue mamafa pe ngaahi ngaue fakavavevave.
Ko e Hā ʻa e ngaahi Fakatātā Fakaʻilonga ʻo e Hiku Fitaʻi?
Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga lahi taha ʻo e hiku fitaʻi ʻoku kau ai:
Mamahi ʻi he hiku mo e vaʻe
Fakamālohi pe fakakikihi ʻi he vaʻe
ʻIkai ke ongo pe vela ʻi he vaʻe
Faingataʻa ʻo e ʻalu
Kapu ʻoku fakapikopiko ʻa e disiki ki he ngaahi hiko, ʻoku faingofua ke holo ʻa e mamahi mei he hiku ki he vaʻe. ʻI he taimi kehe, ʻoku ongo mamahi pē ʻi he hiku, pe ʻoku hoko ʻa e vaivai pe palopalema ʻo e mālohi ʻi he vaʻe mo e vaʻe vahe. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga siʻisiʻi, ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻa e mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, pe palopalema ʻi he ngaahi ngaue fakasēkisualé, ʻoku fakahā ai ʻa e cauda equina syndrome. ʻI he tuʻunga ni, ʻoku fiemaʻu vave ʻa e tokoni fakafaitoʻo.
Ko e ngaahi Meʻa ʻoku Fakavavevaveʻi ai ʻa e Hiku Fitaʻi
ʻOku tokolahi ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau fehangahangai mo e mamahi hiku ʻi ha taimi ʻo honau moʻui. Ka ko e hiku fitaʻi ʻoku lahi ange hono fesili mo e ngaahi meʻa fakatuʻutāmaki:
Fakamamafa pe ngaue mamafa
Nofo loloa (fakatauange: ngāue ʻi he tēpile, taʻ driver loloa)
Moʻui mamafa (obesity), ʻoku fakalahi ai e mamafa ʻi he fua ʻo e hiku
Fai sigareti, ʻoku ne fakaleleiʻi kovi ʻa e moʻui ʻo e disiki
Fakatupu fakafamili; ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻa e hiku fitaʻi ʻi he famili lahi
Moʻui nofo-nofo; vaivai ʻa e kakano hiku mo e kakano konga konga hifo
Mo e mamafa lahi ʻi he taimi ʻo e maʻitaki ʻoku fakalahi ai e mamafa ʻi he hiku hifo
Fakatokanga ki he Hiku Fitaʻi
Ko e sitepu kamata ʻi he fakatokanga ʻo e hiku fitaʻi ko e tohi hohoko fakafaitoʻo mo e sivi sino. ʻOku vakaiʻi ʻa e feituʻu ʻo e mamahi, ngaahi konga ʻo e sino ʻoku holo ki ai, pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha mole ʻo e mālohi pe ongo. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga kehe, ʻoku lava ke fakalahi ʻa e mamahi ʻi he hū pe mafatua.
ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakafekauʻaki ki hono poupouʻi ʻo e fakatokanga:
X-ray: ʻOku fakahā ai ʻa e ngaahi konga hiku, pea tokoni ki hono fakatokanga ʻo e mavava pe ngaahi liliu.
CT: Tokoni ki hono vakaiʻi ʻa e ngaahi disiki kuo kākā pe fitaʻi.
MRI: ʻOku ne ʻomi ha fakamatala lahi ki he kakano māfimafi, hiko mo e disiki; ko e founga lahi taha ki hono fakatokanga ʻo e hiku fitaʻi.
EMG: ʻOku lava ke fakatokanga pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha palopalema ʻi he fekau hiko.
ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga kehe, kapau ʻoku masiasi ki ha mahaki, kanisa pe mahaki lahi, ʻoku fiemaʻu foki ha sivi toto.
Ko e ngaahi Founga ki he Hiku Fitaʻi
ʻOku fakaleleiʻi ʻa e faitoʻo ʻo e hiku fitaʻi ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki, māʻolunga ʻo e fitaʻi mo e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e hiko. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga kamata, ʻoku fakahā ʻa e ngaahi founga ko ʻeni:
Mohe nounou
Faitoʻo kakano mo e toe ako
Faitoʻo ki he mamahi mo e fakamamā ʻo e vela (nonsteroid antiinflammatory)
ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga mamahi lahi pe ʻi ai ʻa e fakaʻilonga hiko, ʻoku lava ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e faitoʻo mamahi lahi ange pe faitoʻo fakafiemālie kakano. Ka ʻikai ke lelei ʻa e faitoʻo, pe ʻoku hoko ʻa e mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fai ha taotao.
Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi Founga Taotao?
ʻOku fakakaukauʻi ʻa e taotao ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha mole lahi ʻo e mālohi, mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, palopalema fakasēkisualé pe mamahi lahi ʻoku ʻikai ke mole. Ko e ngaahi founga taotao lahi taha:
Mikrodiskektomi: Toʻo ʻa e kakano disiki fitaʻi ʻi he tokoni microscope
Laminektomi: Toʻo ha konga ʻo e fua ʻo e hiku (lamina) ke fakamaʻamaʻa ʻa e hiko
Taotao disiki fakafaitoʻo: Toʻo ʻa e disiki kuo faingataʻa pea fakanofo ha disiki foʻou; ki ha kau mahaki pe
Spinal fusion: Fakaʻosiʻi mo fakapipiki ʻa e hiku lahi; ki he ngaahi tuʻunga instabiliti lahi
ʻOku ʻi ai ha fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e mahaki, toto pe palopalema hiko hili ʻa e taotao, ka ʻoku siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻi he ngaahi founga taotao fakalakalaka.
Toe Moʻui mo e Moʻui Hili Hiku Fitaʻi
ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu ai ha taotao pe hili ʻa e taotao, ʻoku lava ke maluʻi ʻa e moʻui ʻo e fua ʻo e hiku ʻaki e faitoʻo kakano, fakalahi kakano mo e ngaahi polokalama ako ngaue lelei. ʻOku tokoni foki ʻa e ngaahi founga vela-mālū, mohe nounou mo e ako tuʻunga lelei ʻoku fakahā ʻe he fakamātoato.
Ko e hā ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tokanga ki ai ke maluʻi ai mei he Hiku Fitaʻi?
ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ngaahi liliu ʻi he moʻui ke maluʻi mei he hiku fitaʻi:
Nofo ʻi he mamafa moʻui lelei pea ʻaloʻi e mamafa taʻe fiemaʻu
Fai ngaue kakano fakahoko (karin mo e hiku kakano)
Kimuʻa ʻi he toʻo meʻa mei he kelekele, fakamamafa ʻa e tulivae pea fakamaʻa ʻa e hiku
ʻI he ngāue nofo loloa, fai ngaue mo e fakaloloa fakataimi
ʻAloʻi e kasutā ʻi he mulikau māʻolunga mo e fakamāmani
Ako ʻa e tuʻunga lelei ki he fua ʻo e hiku ʻi he moʻui fakaʻaho
Ngaahi Ola Loloa ʻo e Hiku Fitaʻi
Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke pule lelei ʻa e hiku fitaʻi, ʻe lava ke hoko ʻa e mamahi hiku loloa, palopalema hiko taʻe toe fakaleleiʻi mo e mole ʻo e lelei ʻo e moʻui. Ko ia ai, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke fetuʻutaki vave ki ha toketaa ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi ai ha fakaʻilonga mo tokanga ki he ngaahi faleʻi.
Ngaahi Fehuʻi Fakaʻataʻata
1. Ko e hiku fitaʻi ko e hā pea ʻe anga fēfē hono hoko?
Ko e hiku fitaʻi ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku māvae ai ʻa e disiki ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e hiku hifo pea ʻoku hū atu ai ʻa e kakano māfimafi ki he hiko. Ko e ngaahi meʻa fakafiefia, ngaahi ngaue mamafa pe toʻo meʻa mamafa ʻoku lava ke fakavavevaveʻi ai.
2. Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e hiku fitaʻi?
Ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga lahi taha ko e mamahi hiku mo e vaʻe, fakamālohi pe fakakikihi ʻi he vaʻe, faingataʻa ʻo e ʻalu, vaivai ʻi he vaʻe mo e siʻisiʻi ʻaupito ʻo e mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu.
3. Ko e mamahi hiku kotoa pe ko e hiku fitaʻi ia?
ʻIkai. ʻOku ʻi ai ha ngaahi tuʻunga kehe ʻe lahi ʻoku ne fakatupu mamahi hiku. Kapau ʻoku holo ʻa e mamahi hiku ki he vaʻe pe ʻoku kau ai ha mole ʻo e ongo, ʻoku lahi ange e faingamālie ʻo e hiku fitaʻi. Ko e fakatokanga totonu ʻoku fiemaʻu ke ʻalu ki he toketaa.
4. ʻE lava ke toe lelei pē ʻa e hiku fitaʻi ʻe ia pē?
Ko e tokolahi ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga, ʻi he uike ʻe 6, ʻoku lava ke toe lelei ʻaki e mohe, faitoʻo mo e faitoʻo kakano. Ka ʻoku hoko ha kovi ʻi he fakaʻilonga pe mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fetuʻutaki vave ki ha fale mahaki.
5. ʻOku fiemaʻu taotao ke faitoʻo ai ʻa e hiku fitaʻi?
ʻOku ʻikai fiemaʻu taotao ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau mahaki. Kapau ʻoku lava ke puleʻi ʻa e mamahi, ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha mole ʻo e mālohi mo ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha palopalema hiko, ʻoku totonu pē ʻa e faitoʻo mo e faitoʻo kakano. ʻOku fakakaukauʻi ʻa e taotao ʻi he mole ʻo e mālohi, mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, pe mamahi lahi ʻoku ʻikai ke mole.
6. Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻoku fiemaʻu ai ha taotao vave?
Kapau ʻoku hoko vave ʻa e mole ʻo e pule ki he mimi pe tuʻutuʻu, vaivai lahi ʻi he vaʻe pe mole ʻo e ngaahi ngaue fakasēkisualé, ko e tuʻunga vave ia pea ʻoku fiemaʻu ke ʻalu vave ki he falemahaki.
7. Ko e hā e meʻa ʻe lava ke fai ʻi ʻapi ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e mamahi hiku fitaʻi?
Mohe nounou, ngāueʻaki ʻa e vela-mālū ʻoku fakahā ʻe he toketaa, ngaahi ngaue fakaloloa nounou mo e tuʻunga lelei ki he fua ʻo e hiku ʻe lava ke tokoni. Ka ʻoku lahi ange ʻa e mamahi pe mole ʻo e mālohi, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fehuʻi ki he toketaa.
8. Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi ngaue kakano lelei ki he hiku fitaʻi?
Ko e ngaahi faito'o mo e ngaahi ngaue'anga ke fakakaukau'i ke fakamalohi'i fakalelei'i 'a e ngaahi kakano'i sino 'o e mokomoko mo e sino. Kaekehe, 'oku kehekehe 'a e ngaahi ngaue'anga 'oku totonu ki he tokotaha kotoa pe, pea 'oku totonu ke fehu'i ki ha fakamahino pe toketaa.
9. Ko e h01 e a'usia 'o e mamafa lahi mo e paipa tapaka ki he fasi 'o e mokomoko?
Ko e mamafa lahi 'oku ne fakalahi'i 'a e uta ki he mokomoko mo e ngaahi disiki, pea 'oku lava ke fakalalahi 'e he paipa tapaka 'a e faingata'a 'o e ngaahi disiki ke ma'u me'akai lelei. Ko e ngaahi me'a ko 'eni 'oku nau fakalahi'i 'a e faingata'a ke hoko ai 'a e fasi 'o e mokomoko; 'i he ngaahi founga ke malu'i ai, 'oku mahu'inga 'a e mo'ui lelei.
10. Ko e h01 e ngaahi me'a ke tokanga ki ai ke malu'i mei he fasi 'o e mokomoko?
Ko e ngaue'anga fakahoko, tauhi ke mamafa totonu, ngaue'aki 'a e founga totonu 'i he hikitaki me'a mamafa, pea 'oua 'e inu tapaka, 'oku tokoni ke malu'i 'a e mo'ui 'o e mokomoko.
11. 'E toe hoko foki 'a e fasi 'o e mokomoko?
'Io, tautefito ki he taimi 'oku kei hoko ai 'a e ngaahi me'a fakatu'utamaki pe 'oku 'ikai ke liliu 'a e founga mo'ui totonu. Ko e tokanga ki he ngaue'anga mo e tu'u totonu 'oku lava ke malu'i ai mei he toe hoko.
12. Ko e h01 e ngaahi founga 'o e vakai'i 'oku ngaue'aki ki he fasi 'o e mokomoko?
Ko e MRI 'oku ngaue'aki lahi taha; pea 'oku lava ke fiema'u foki 'a e r4dtengi mo e tomografi fakakomepiuta. Ko e fili 'oku fakangofua ki he fakama'ala'ala 'a e toketaa.
13. Ko e h01 e lelei 'o e faito'o fakaenisinia ki he fasi 'o e mokomoko?
Ko e faito'o fakaenisinia 'oku ne fakamalohi'i 'a e ngaahi kakano'i sino, tokoni ki he mokomoko, fakasi'isi'i 'a e mamahi, pea tokoni ki he toe mo'ui lelei. 'Oku totonu ke fokotu'u 'a e polokalama faito'o ki he tokotaha kotoa pe.
14. Ko e h01 e ngaahi faingata'a 'i mui he faito'o t4kanga?
Hange ko e ngaahi faito'o t4kanga kotoa pe, 'oku iai 'a e faingata'a hange ko e mahaki, toto, mo e faingata'a ki he neva. Kaekehe, 'i he ngaahi founga t4kanga si'i, 'oku si'isi'i ange 'a e faingata'a.
15. 'E lava ke fai e sipoti 'i he fasi 'o e mokomoko?
Ko e ngaahi ngaue'anga totonu pea 'oku fakahoko 'e he toketaa 'oku lelei. Kaekehe, 'oku totonu ke fili 'a e ngaahi ngaue'anga totonu mo e pule'i lelei 'i he sino, kae 'oua 'e fili 'a e sipoti mamafa mo e faingata'a.
Ngaahi Ngaahi Konga Fakamafolalea
Kautaha Mo'ui 'a Mamani (WHO) Musculoskeletal health
Kautaha 'a e Kau T4kanga Faka'Amerika (AAOS) Herniated Disk (Slipped Disk)
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Low Back Pain Fact Sheet
Kautaha 'a e Kau Neurosurgical 'i 'Europi (EANS) Lumbar Disc Herniation Guidelines
American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Herniated Disc