Chii Chinonzi Colorectal (Dumbu) Cancer? Ndezvipi Zviratidzo Zvacho? Chikonzero Chii?
Colon (Gastrointestinal) Cancer: Zviratidzo, Zvikonzero, Kuongorora uye Nzira dzekurapa
Colon cancer chirwere chakakomba chinokanganisa chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwekugaya, chinotanga mukoloni nemurectum. Kazhinji chinotanga nekushanduka kwepolyp inowanikwa pamusoro pemukati mekoloni, iyo inozopedzisira yashanduka kuita kenza. Zviratidzo, zvikonzero uye nzira dzekurapa zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikamu chekenza uye hutano hwese hwemunhu. Kuonekwa kwekenza kuchiri kutanga kunopa mukana mukuru mukurwisa colon cancer, sezvakaita mune dzimwe mhando dzose dzekenza.
Chii chinonzi Colon (Gastrointestinal) Cancer?
Colon cancer inotanga mukoloni uye ndeimwe yemhando dzekenza dzinowanika zvakanyanya pasi rose. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu, asi chinogona kuitika chero pazera ripi zvaro. Kana tichitaura nezvechimiro chekoloni, inenge iine urefu hwe1.5–2 metres, uye ine zvikamu zvikuru zviviri: koloni nerectum. Rectum ndiyo chikamu chekupedzisira chekoloni chiri pedyo neanusi, uye ndiyo nzvimbo inounganidzwa tsvina isati yabuda mumuviri. Koloni inoreva chikamu chikuru chekoloni chiri pamberi perectum. Chikafu chinobva muchikamu chidiki chegut, chichipinda mukoloni, uko kunobva kwatorwa mvura nemaminerari, uye tsvina inounganidzwa murectum.
Colon cancer inotanga mumaseru ari pamukati pemukoloni, anofukidza mukosa layer.
Anatomy yeColon
Kenza inowanzoonekwa munzvimbo idzi;
Sigmoid colon (chikamu chekupedzisira chine chimiro cheS) : Ichi ndicho chikamu chekoloni chinobatana nerectum. Ndicho chinowanzoonekwa kenza. Munzvimbo iyi, tsvina inova yakaoma uye maseru anogara kwenguva refu ari pasi petsvina, izvo zvinowedzera njodzi.
Rectum : Chikamu chekoloni chiri pedyo neanusi. Kenza inotanga munzvimbo iyi inonzi rectal cancer, asi kazhinji inotaurwa pamwe chete pasi pezita rekuti “colorectal cancer”.
Ascending (right) colon : Ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga inosvika tsvina inobva muchikamu chidiki chegut. Tumour dzinotanga munzvimbo iyi dzinoita zviratidzo zvishoma, nekuti tsvina ichiri mumvura. Saka kenza yekurudyi kwekoloni inowanzoonekwa yakatonyanya kufambira mberi.
Transverse colon : Chikamu chakachinjika chinobatanidza koloni yekurudyi neyekuruboshwe. Kenza inogona kuitikawo munzvimbo iyi, asi hazviwanzoitika sezvimwe zvikamu.
Descending (left) colon: Chikamu chinotungamira tsvina kuenda kuanusi. Tumour dziri munzvimbo iyi dzinowanzo kupa zviratidzo zvekubatwa nechimbudzi, kuchinja kwehukuru hwetsvina, kana kubuda ropa pakutanga.
Inenge 40–50% yezviitiko zvinowanikwa mu sigmoid colon nerectum, inenge 20% mu (ascending, right) colon, uye zvimwe zvese mu transverse (chikamu chakachinjika) ne descending (left) colon.
Chii chinonzi Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer inosanganisira kenza dzinotanga mukoloni nerectum. Inoitika muchikamu chepasi chehurongwa hwekugaya, apo maseru anowedzera zvisina kujairika. Kazhinji inotanga kubva kuma polyp ane hunhu hwakanaka anozopedzisira ava kenza. Kana colorectal cancer ikaonekwa ichiri kutanga, mukana wekupora unowedzera zvikuru.
Zviratidzo zveColon Cancer ndezvipi?
Colon cancer kazhinji haina zviratidzo pachikamu chekutanga. Zviratidzo zvinowanzobuda kana tumour yava kukura uye zvinogona kusanganisira:
Kubuda kwekurwadziwa mudumbu kana makrumu
Kugara uine manyoka, kubatwa nechimbudzi kana kuchinja kwechimiro chetsvina
Ropa mutsvina kana kuti tsvina ine ruvara rwevatara (yakadzika)
Kuderera kwehuremu pasina chikonzero
Kugara wakanzwa kuneta uye kusava nesimba
Kuzvimba mudumbu kana kunzwa kuzara
Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere. Saka zvakakosha kubvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano kana dambudziko racho riri kuramba riripo kana risingatsananguriki.
Zvikonzero zveColon Cancer uye Zvinowedzera Njodzi
Kunyange zvazvo chikonzero checolon cancer chisati chanyatsojeka, pane zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvinowedzera njodzi:
Zera: Njodzi inowedzera kune vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu.
Nhoroondo yemhuri: Kana pane hama yepedyo yakambobatwa necolon cancer, njodzi inowedzera; zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kuongororwa nekukurumidza.
Polyp: Polyp inowanikwa pamadziro ecolon inogona kushanduka kuita kenza, saka zvakakosha kuti dziwanikwe uye dzibviswe.
Genetic disorders: Zvirwere zvinodyarwa semuenzaniso Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi.
Inflammatory bowel diseases: Zvirwere zvakaita seCrohn's disease uye ulcerative colitis zvinowedzera njodzi.
Maitiro ehupenyu: Kudya kusina fiber yakakwana, kudya mafuta akawandisa, kuwandisa muviri (obesity), kusaita maekisesaizi, kusvuta fodya uye kunwa doro zvakawandisa zvinowedzera njodzi.
Zvimwe zvirwere: Type 2 diabetes inowedzerawo njodzi ye colon cancer.
Colon Cancer Inoongororwa Sei?
Mazuva ano, nzira dzeendoscopy ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora tumour dzekoloni nerectum. Colonoscopy ndiyo nzira yakajairika, inobvumira kuona zvakananga mukati mekoloni uye kubvisa polyp dzinofungidzirwa. Kuongorora kwechokwadi kunosimbiswa nebiopsy (kutora sampuli yedzinde inofungidzirwa kuti iitwe ongororo yepathology). Nzira dzekuona dzakaita seCT scan dzinoshandiswawo kuona kukura kwetumour kana njodzi yekupararira. Fecal occult blood test inowanzo shandiswa pakutsvaga kenza isati yaita zviratidzo.
Nhamba dzeColon Cancer uye Zviratidzo Zvinoenderana Nenhanho
Stage 0 (Carcinoma in situ): Kenza ichiri pamukati mekoloni, haina kupararira. Kazhinji hapana zviratidzo.
Stage 1: Kenza iri mukati mezvikamu zvemadziro ecolon. Panogona kuva nekudikitira mudumbu, kuchinja kwekuchimbidza chimbudzi kana ropa shoma mutsvina.
Stage 2: Tumour inenge yatanga kupfuura madziro ecolon asi haina kusvika kuma lymph nodes. Panogona kuva nekudikitira mudumbu, kuchinja kwakanyanya kwekuchimbidza chimbudzi, kuderera kwehuremu uye kuzvimba mudumbu.
Stage 3: Kenza yava kusvika kuma lymph nodes ari pedyo. Kudikitira mudumbu, kusava nesimba, kuderera kwekudya uye ropa mutsvina zvinowedzera kuoneka.
Stage 4: Kenza yava kupararira kuzvimwe zvitunha zvakaita sesuya kana mapapu (metastasis). Kuneta kwakanyanya, kurwadziwa mudumbu kusingapere, kuvharika kwecolon uye kuderera kwehuremu nekukurumidza zvinogona kuoneka.
Chikonzero cheColon Cancer Chii?
Kuvandudzwa kwecolon cancer kunowanzoitika nekushanduka kwepolyp dzine hunhu hwakanaka kuita kenza. Shanduko dzemagenes dzinotora chikamu; asi zvinhu zvemamiriro ekunze uye maitiro ehupenyu zvinokoshawo. Kunyange zvazvo chikonzero chisinganyatsozivikanwa, kudzivirira zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi uye kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekutsvaga kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira.
Colon Cancer Inotora Nguva Yakareba Sei Kuvandudzwa?
Colon cancer inowanzo kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, ichitora makore akawanda. Kushanduka kwepolyp kuita kenza kunotora avhareji yemakore 10–15. Saka ongororo dzenguva dzose dzakakosha, kunyanya kune vane njodzi yakakwira.
Mhando dzeColon Cancer
Majority ye colon cancer iadenocarcinoma; tumour idzi dzinotanga mumasero anofukidza mukati mekoloni. Dzimwe mhando dzisingawanzoitika dzinosanganisira lymphoma, sarcoma, carcinoid kana gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). Nzira dzekuona uye kurapa dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwetumour.
Nzira dzekurapa Colon Cancer
Kurapa kunorongwa zvichienderana nechikamu chechirwere, mamiriro emurwere uye hunhu hwetumour. Kana kenza ikaonekwa ichiri kutanga, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kukwana; chinangwa ndechekubvisa polyp nemaseru ane kenza. Kana chirwere chafambira mberi, chemotherapy, dzimwe nguva radiotherapy uye kune vamwe varwere, nzira dzakanangana kana immunotherapy dzinogona kushandiswa. Kutevedzera uye kurapwa kunofanira kutungamirirwa nechikwata chenyanzvi.
Operation yeColon Cancer
Kuvhiyiwa ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa colon cancer. Zvinoitwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yetumour uye kupararira kwayo; kana chirwere chiri kutanga, kungobvisa polyp kunogona kukwana, asi kana chafambira mberi, partial colectomy (kubvisa chikamu chekoloni pamwe chete nema lymph nodes ari pedyo) kunogona kuitwa. Kukura kwekuvhiyiwa uye nguva yekupora kunoenderana nechikamu chechirwere uye zvinhu zvemunhu.
Ngozi Dzinogona Kuitika Pakuoperation yeColon Cancer
Senge reseki yega, sekuru rekuvhiya, mashandiro ekubvisa chirwere checolon anogonawo kuva nematambudziko uye njodzi dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubuda ropa, kukuvara kwemamwe nhengo dzemuviri (semuenzaniso nzira dzechitofu, weti, spleen, chiropa, pancreas kana dumbu), kuvhurika kwekusona mudumbu, hutachiona panzvimbo yakavhiyiwa uye kukuvara kwemitsipa. Njodzi idzi dzinoedza kuderedzwa kuburikidza nekutevedzera murwere zvakanyatsonaka pamberi uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
Zvinhu Zvinofanira Kucherechedzwa Mushure Mekuvhiyiwa
Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, murwere anogona kunzwa marwadzo epakati kana akadzikira, uye dzimwe nguva hutachiona kana kubuda ropa. Mishonga inorayirwa nachiremba inoshandiswa kuderedza marwadzo uye mishonga inorwisa hutachiona inogona kupihwa kudzivirira hutachiona. Kukurudzira kutenderera kweropa kuburikidza nekufamba (semuenzaniso kutanga kufamba nekukurumidza uye maekisesaizi) uye kunwa mvura yakakwana kwakakosha mukudzivirira matambudziko. Zvinokurudzirwa kutevedzera zvese zvinotaurwa nachiremba uye kuteerera mazano ekudya panguva yekupora.
Kupora uye Nguva Yokugara Muchipatara
Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwecolon cancer, zvinogona kutora avhareji yemazuva 5–10 murwere achiri muchipatara. Mushure mekubuda muchipatara, kupora kunogona kutora mwedzi umwe kana miviri. Panguva iyi, zvakakosha kutevedzera mazano ekudya, kushandisa mishonga nguva dzose uye kusapotsa maappointment ekudzorera, kuitira kuti kupora kuenderere mberi zvakanaka.
Zvinogona Kuitwa Kudzivirira Colon Cancer
Kudya kwakapfuma mufiber uye kwakaringana, kutora calcium yakakwana uye vitamin D, kuchengetedza uremu hwakanaka, kuita maekisesaizi nguva dzose, kudzivirira kusvuta uye kunwa doro zvakawandisa, ndizvo zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvikuru. Kunyanya mushure memakore makumi mashanu, kuita ongororo dzenguva dzose kunobatsira kuona chirwere panguva uye kunovandudza mhedzisiro yezvehutano.
Ndiani Ari Panjodzi yeColon Cancer?
Pasi rose, colon cancer inowanzoonekwa zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Vanhu vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye colorectal cancer vanokurudzirwa kuti vatange ongororo dzenguva dzose kubva pazera diki. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakaratidza kuti kudya kushoma fiber uye kwakawanda mapuroteni, kushomeka kwevitamin D uye zvirwere zvakaita sediabetes zvinowedzera njodzi.
Kurwadziwa kwecolon cancer kunowanzonzwiwa kupi?
Kunogona kunzwika mudumbu repasi kana mativi, uye dzimwe nguva semarwadzo akapararira mudumbu rese.
Kubuda kwega muongororo yegaita chiratidzo checolon cancer here?
Kubuda kwega muongororo yegakava, kunogona kuratidza kubuda ropa mudumbu kusanganisira colon cancer. Kuti uone zvizere, ongororo dzakadzama dzinodiwa.
Colon cancer inowanikwa paultrasound here?
Ultrasound haina kunyatsokwana pakuwana cancer iri mukati medumbu. Nzira dzakaita sekolonoscopy uye CT scan dzinonyanya kushanda pakuwana chirwere.
Kuvhiyiwa kwecolon cancer kune ngozi here?
Senge rese basa rekuvhiyiwa, kune njodzi dzaro asi kana zvaitwa nechikwata chine ruzivo uye kutevedzera kwakakodzera, njodzi idzi dzinoderedzwa.
Colon (dumbu) cancer inofanira kuendeswa kupi?
Mapazi eGeneral Surgery uye/gastroenterology ndiwo anofanira kubatwa pakutsvaga uye kurapa chirwere ichi.
Kuvhiyiwa kwecolon cancer kunotora nguva yakareba sei?
Zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye kupararira kwechirwere, zvinogona kutora avhareji yeawa 2–3.
Colon cancer inogona kurapwa nemishonga here?
Mumatanho epamusoro, mishonga yakaita sechemotherapy inogona kushandiswa. Asi mumatanho ekutanga, nzira huru yekurapa ndeyekuvhiyiwa.
Colon cancer inobva kumhuri here?
Vanhu vane nhoroondo yemhuri ye colon cancer vane njodzi yakakwira nekuda kwekufambiswa kwemajini, asi hazvirevi kuti nyaya dzese dzinobva kumhuri.
Colon cancer inodzoka here?
Kutevedzera murwere mushure mekurapwa kwakakosha. Dzimwe nguva chirwere chinogona kudzoka, saka zvakakosha kutevedzera zvese zvinotaurwa nachiremba.
Colon cancer yakafanana nerectum cancer here?
Colon ne rectum cancer zvine zvakafanana asi nzira dzekurapa uye nzira dzekubata zvakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Zvinonzi "colorectal cancer" kana zviri pamwe chete.
Zvinyorwa
Sangano reHutano Pasi Pose (WHO) – Peji reRuzivo rweColorectal Cancer
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/colorectal-cancer
Sangano reAmerican Cancer Society – Colorectal Cancer Guidelines
Sangano reEuropean Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) – Colorectal Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines
Sangano reCDC – Colorectal Cancer Information
The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine – Ongororo Dzazvino paColorectal Cancer
Tasvika kumagumo chinyorwa chedu. Zvichida iwe kana munhu waunoda angave akatarisana nechirwere ichi.
Nyika ino ine zvakanaka nezvakaipa; runako nehuipi; Leyla naMecnun, uye zvakare ine chirwere nekurapa.
Chinokutarisira, ngachive chiteshi chekuporeswa munzira yako.
Ruzivo isimba. Mune chirwere chipi nechipi, nhanho imwe neimwe yaunotora neruzivo ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa inoenda kumatarisiro akanaka.
Ndinokushuvira iwe nevaunoda upenyu hune hutano…