He aha te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu? He aha ngā Tohu, Ngā Take, me ngā Tikanga Tautuhi?
He aha te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu? He aha ngā Tohu, Ngā Take, me ngā Tikanga Tautuhi?
Ko te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu he ingoa mō ngā puku kino e whanake ana nā te tipu kāore e taea te whakahaere o ngā pūtau i roto i te kiko o te pūkahukahu. I te tuatahi, ka tipu ēnei pūtau ki te wāhi i tīmata ai rātou, ā, ka hanga kīrehe. Ka haere te wā, ka horapa te mate ki ngā kiko tata me ngā whekau tawhiti i te whanaketanga o te mate.
He momo mate pukupuku tēnei e tino kitea ana puta noa i te ao, ā, ka hua he hua tino kino. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore he tohu i te wā tōmua, nō reira ka kitea te mate i te wā kua tino whanake. Nā reira, he mea nui kia haere ngā tāngata e raru ana ki te arotakenga auau, ā, kia uru atu ki ngā hōtaka tirotiro.
Ngā Kōrero Whānui mō te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu
Ko te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu he mate e puta ana nā te tipu hē o ngā pūtau i roto i te pūkahukahu. Ko ngā tino tūraru ko te kai hikareti, te roa o te noho ki te parahanga hau, te pā atu ki te asbestos me te hāora radon.
Nā te nui o ēnei tūraru, otirā ko te hikareti, ko te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu te tino take o te matenga nā te mate pukupuku i ngā tāne me ngā wāhine i te maha o ngā whenua. Ahakoa ka taea te rongoā i te wā tōmua, i te nuinga o te wā ka kitea i te wā kua whanake, nō reira ka iti ake ngā kōwhiringa me te angitū o te rongoā.
He aha ngā Tohu e Kitea Ana i te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i ngā wā tōmuri o te mate. Ahakoa he puku noho i te tīmatanga, ka puta pea ēnei amuamu i te haere o te wā:
He maremare mau tonu, ka kaha haere
Te toto i roto i te maremare
He ngoikore tonu o te reo
Te uaua ki te horomia
Te ngaro o te hiahia kai me te ngaronga taumaha
Te ngenge kāore he take
I te mea ka kitea ēnei tohu i ētahi atu mate pūkahukahu, me pātai ki tētahi mātanga mēnā ka puta ēnei āhuatanga.
Me pēhea te Rerekē o ngā Tohu o te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu i ia Wāhanga?
Wāhanga 0: Kei te noho ngā pūtau mate ki te papa o roto rawa o te pūkahukahu, kāore he tohu, ka kitea noa i ngā arotakenga auau.
Wāhanga 1: Kei roto tonu te puku ki te pūkahukahu, kāore anō kia horapa. Ka kitea pea te maremare māmā, te hē o te manawa, te mamae māmā ki te uma. I tēnei wā, ka taea te rongoā mā te pokanga.
Wāhanga 2: Kua tae pea te mate ki ngā kiko hohonu ake o te pūkahukahu, ki ngā kōiwi lymph tata rānei. Ka kaha ake te kite i te toto i te maremare, te mamae o te uma me te ngoikore. Ka hiahiatia pea te rongoā paturopi me te hihiko radiation hei tāpiri ki te pokanga.
Wāhanga 3: Kua horapa te mate ki waho o te pūkahukahu me ngā kōiwi lymph. Ka kitea te maremare mau tonu, te mamae nui o te uma, te uaua ki te horomia, te ngaronga nui o te taumaha me te tino ngoikore. Ka whakamahia te maha o ngā tikanga rongoā i te wā kotahi.
Wāhanga 4: Kua horapa te mate ki ngā whekau kē (hei tauira te ate, te roro, te koiwi rānei). Ka kitea te tino hē o te manawa, te tino ngenge, te mamae o te koiwi me te upoko, te kore hiahia kai me te ngaronga taumaha nui. I tēnei wā, ko te whāinga he whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakapiki i te kounga oranga.
He aha ngā Take Matua o te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ko te kai hikareti te tino tūraru. Heoi anō, ka kitea te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i ētahi kāore anō kia kai hikareti. I te nuinga o te wā, e hono ana te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku pūkahukahu ki te hikareti. Ko te noho ki te paowa hikareti ahakoa kāore koe e kai, he tūraru nui anō hoki.
Ko tētahi atu tūraru ko te pā atu ki te asbestos. He kohuke tēnei i whakamahia nuitia i mua nā tōna āhei ki te ārai wera me te kākahu. I ēnei rā, ka kitea te pā atu i ngā wāhi mahi, i te wā e tango ana i te asbestos.
Hei tāpiri, ko te parahanga hau, te hāora radon, te hihiko iraruke, te mate COPD (mate pūkahukahu aukati mauroa), me te āhuatanga whānau ka whakapiki i te tūraru o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu.
He Rerekē ngā Momo o te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka wehea ngā mate pukupuku pūkahukahu ki ngā rōpū e rua i runga i te momo pūtau i ahu mai ai:
Pukupuku pūtau iti o te pūkahukahu: Tata ki te 10-15% o ngā take katoa. He tere te tipu, he tere te horapa, ā, he nui te hononga ki te hikareti.
Pukupuku pūtau kāore i te iti o te pūkahukahu: Tata ki te 85% o ngā mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. Ka wehea tēnei rōpū ki ngā momo iti e toru:
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Ahakoa he pai ake te urupare me te ahunga o te rongoā mō ngā mate kāore i te pūtau iti, he mea nui tonu te wāhanga o te mate me te hauora whānui o te tangata.
Ngā Take me ngā Tūraru e Hua ai te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu
Ko te kai hikareti te tino whakaoho i te mate.
Ahakoa kāore e kai hikareti, ka piki te tūraru nā te noho ki te paowa.
He nui te tūraru mēnā ka roa te noho ki te hāora radon, otirā i ngā whare kāore i te pai te hauhau.
Ka piki te tūraru mō te hunga e pā ana ki te asbestos i ngā wāhi mahi.
Ko te parahanga hau me ngā matū ahumahi he tūraru anō hoki.
Mēnā he hītori mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i te whānau, ka piki pea te tūraru whaiaro.
Ko te mate COPD me ētahi atu mate pūkahukahu mauroa he tūraru tāpiri.
Me pēhea te Tautuhi i te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga tirohanga hou me ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga hei tautuhi i te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. Otirā, ka tūtohutia te tirohanga ā-tau mā te CT iti te rongoā iraruke mō te hunga tūraru.
Mēnā he tohu ā-tinana, ka whakamahia te X-ray o te pūkahukahu, te CT, te whakamātautau maremare, me te pokanga tango kiko mēnā e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakatauhia te wāhanga, te horapa me te momo o te mate i runga i ngā raraunga. Ka whakaritea te huarahi rongoā pai rawa atu mō te tūroro i muri i tēnei.
E hia te roa o te whanaketanga o te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka roa pea te 5–10 tau mai i te tīmatanga o te tipu hē o ngā pūtau tae noa ki te puta o ngā tohu mārama. Nā te roa o tēnei whanaketanga, ka kitea te mate i te wā kua whanake. He mea nui te arotakenga auau me te tirohanga tōmua.
He aha ngā Kōwhiringa Rongoā mō te Mate Pukupuku Pūkahukahu?
Ka whakatauhia te huarahi rongoā i runga i te momo, te wāhanga o te mate me te hauora whānui o te tūroro. I ngā wā tōmua, ka taea te tango i te puku mā te pokanga. I ngā wā tōmuri, ka whakamahia te rongoā paturopi, te hihiko radiation, te rongoā āraimate, te whakakotahi rānei i ēnei. Ka whakamaheretia te rongoā e tētahi rōpū mātanga mō te tangata takitahi.
Ko te pokanga he kōwhiringa whai hua, otirā i ngā wā tōmua me ngā take kāore anō kia horapa. Ka taea te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te pūkahukahu, te katoa rānei, i runga i te rahi me te wāhi o te puku. I ngā wā tōmuri, ko te whāinga o te rongoā he whakaroa i te whanaketanga o te mate me te whakaiti i ngā tohu.
Te Hiranga o te Tirohanga Auau me te Tautuhi Tōmua
Mēnā ka kitea te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i mua i te puta o ngā tohu, ka piki te angitū o te rongoā me te oranga. Otirā, mō te hunga kai hikareti, 50 tau neke atu rānei, he mea nui te tirohanga ā-tau hei kite wawe i te mate. Mēnā e whakaaro ana koe kei roto koe i te rōpū tūraru, me pātai ki tētahi mātanga, me uru atu ki te hōtaka tirotiro tika.
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
He aha ngā tohu tuatahi o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ko te maremare mau tonu, te toto i te maremare, te ngoikore o te reo me te hē o te manawa ngā tohu whakatūpato tuatahi. Mēnā kei a koe ēnei amuamu, me toro ki te rata.
Ka kitea te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu ki te hunga kai hikareti anake?
Kāo. Ahakoa ko te hikareti te tino tūraru, ka puta te mate ki te hunga kāore anō kia kai hikareti. Ka whai wāhi hoki te noho ki te paowa, te ira tangata me ngā āhuatanga taiao.
Akciğer ka taea te matepukupuku te tuku iho i roto i te whānau?
I ētahi whānau, ka piki ake te mōrea nā te āhuatanga ira. Heoi anō, ko te nuinga o ngā take e pā ana ki te kai hikareti me ngā pānga o te taiao.
Ka taea te rongoā i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu i te wā tōmua?
Āe, i ngā wā tōmua, ka taea te whakaora katoa mā te rongoā tika. Nō reira, he mea nui te kite wawe i te mate hei whakaora i te oranga.
Me pēhea te whakatau i te taumata o te matepukupuku?
Ka whakatauria te taumata mā ngā whakamātautau whakaahua me te mate, ā, ki te hiahiatia, mā te pokanga ira hei kite i te whānuitanga me ngā whekau kua pāngia.
He aha atu ngā mate ka rite ngā tohu?
Ka taea te hē ki te bronchitis mauroa, te pneumonia, rānei ngā mate huaketo o te pūkahukahu. Me whai aromatawai hohonu hei whakatau tika i te mate.
He uaua te rongoā i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ka rerekē ngā kōwhiringa rongoā i runga i te taumata o te mate me te hauora o te tūroro. He mea matua te waihanga mahere rongoā motuhake mō ia tūroro.
He aha ngā mahi hei ārai i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
He pai te karo i te hikareti me ngā hua tupeka, te karo i te paowa tuarua, te tango i ngā tikanga ārai i ngā mahi mōrearea, me te whai aromatawai hauora auau.
I ngā tau aha ka kitea te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ahakoa ka kitea nuitia i waenga i te hunga pakeke kei runga i te 50 tau, ka taea te puta i ngā reanga katoa. He nui ake te mōrea ki te hunga kai hikareti.
Ka taea te whakapiki i te kounga oranga mō te hunga e noho ana me te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Āe, nā ngā tikanga rongoā o ēnei rā me ngā ratonga tautoko, ka taea te whakapiki i te kounga oranga.
Mā wai e taunaki te tirohanga mō te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Ka tino taunaki mō te hunga kua roa e kai hikareti ana, kei runga i te 50 tau, me te hunga he atu āhuatanga mōrearea, kia whai tirohanga auau.
Me pēhea te tautoko a te whānau i te wā rongoā?
Ko te tautoko ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro hoki, he mea nui hei whakapiki i te kounga oranga o te tūroro i te wā me muri i te rongoā.
He mōrearea te pokanga matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Pērā i ngā pokanga katoa, he mōrearea kei reira. Mā te aromatawai hohonu me te whakarite tika i mua i te pokanga ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea.
He aha te tikanga o te whakamahi "rongoā atamai" i te rongoā?
I ētahi momo matepukupuku pūkahukahu, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rongoā e aro ana ki ngā pūtau matepukupuku anake ("atamai"). Ka arotake tō rata i tēnei kōwhiringa i runga i te tātaritanga ira o te pūtau mate.
Ka aha mēnā kāore e rongoāhia te matepukupuku pūkahukahu?
Mēnā kāore e rongoāhia, ka tere te whanake o te mate, ka pā kino ki ngā mahi a ngā whekau matua. He mea matua te kite wawe me te rongoā.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO): Lung Cancer
Te Rōpū Matepukupuku o Amerika (American Cancer Society): Lung Cancer
Ngā Pokapū Manaaki me te Ārai Mate o Amerika (CDC): Lung Cancer
Te Rōpū Onokorangi Rongoā o Uropi (ESMO): Lung Cancer Guidelines
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN): Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA): Lung Cancer Screening and Early Detection