He aha te Mate Manawa? He aha ngā Tohu, ngā Pūtake? Me pēhea te Rongoā i runga i te Tikanga Hou?
He aha ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa, ngā Take, me ngā Tikanga Rongoā Hou?
Ko te mate manawa he āhuatanga ohorere e mate ai te uaua o te manawa i te kore o te hāora me ngā matūkai tino hira. Ko te ingoa rongoā ko te mate pokapū uaua manawa (myocardial infarction), ā, he maha ka puta nā te aukatinga ohorere o ngā uaua korona e whāngai ana i te manawa. Ka puta tēnei aukatinga nā te pakaru o ngā papa ngako, kōrero me ētahi atu matū e kohikohi ana ki ngā pakitara o te uaua, ā, ka taea hoki te kapi katoa, te kapi wāhanga rānei o te uaua e te pokepoke toto. Mā te kite wawe me te rongoā ka taea te whakaiti i te kino ki te manawa.
Te Whakamārama me ngā Take Matua o te Mate Manawa
Ko te mate manawa he āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kino o te kiko o te manawa nā te kore e riro te hāora e hiahiatia ana e te uaua o te manawa. Ko tēnei āhuatanga, he maha, ka hua mai i te koretake, te aukatinga ohorere rānei o ngā uaua korona. Ka taea e ngā papa e kohikohi ana ki ngā pakitara o te uaua te whakaiti i te whānui o te uaua, ā, ki te pakaru, ka taea e te pokepoke toto te tapiri atu, ka aukati ohorere i te rere o te toto ki te uaua o te manawa. Ki te kore tēnei aukatinga e wātea wawe, ka pāngia te uaua o te manawa e te kino mutunga kore, ka heke te kaha o te manawa ki te pupuhi i te toto, arā, ka puta te ngoikore o te manawa. Ko te mate manawa tonu tētahi o ngā tino take mate i te ao whānui. I te nuinga o ngā whenua, ka nui ake te mate nā te mate manawa i te mate nā ngā aituā waka.
He aha ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa e tino kitea ana?
He rerekē ngā tohu o te mate manawa i te tangata ki te tangata, ā, i ētahi wā kāore i te tino mārama ngā tohu. Ko ngā tohu e tino kitea ana, ko ēnei:
Te mamae, te raru rānei i te uma: He pēhanga, he kiki, he wera, he taumaha rānei ki waenganui o te uma; i ētahi wā ka toro atu ki te ringa mauī, te kaki, te kauae, te tuarā, te puku rānei.
Te hē o te manawa: Ka puta tahi me te mamae o te uma, ka puta anake rānei.
Te werawera: He tino kitea te werawera makariri, kaha hoki.
Te ngoikore me te ngenge: Ka taea te rongo i te ngoikore e piki haere ana i ngā rā i mua i te mate, ā, he maha ka kitea ki ngā wāhine.
Te āmaimai, te rangirua rānei
Te ruaki, te kākā, te koretake o te kai rānei
Te manukanuka kāore e pā ana ki te mahi, kāore hoki e mutu
Te tere, te koretake rānei o te patuki o te manawa
Te mamae i te tuarā, te pokohiwi, te puku runga rānei, he maha ka kitea ki ngā wāhine.
Te maremare, te uaua rānei ki te manawa kāore he take mārama
Te pupuhi o ngā waewae, ngā rekereke, ngā turi rānei (he maha i ngā wāhanga tōmua) I ētahi wā he māmā ēnei tohu, i ētahi wā he tino kaha. Ina roa te mamae o te uma, te hē o te manawa rānei, kāore hoki e ngaro i roto i ētahi meneti, ka hoki anō rānei, me rapu tonu i te āwhina rongoā.
Ngā Tohu o te Mate Manawa i ngā Rōpū Rerekē
I ngā wāhine me ngā rangatahi, i ētahi wā ka puta te mate manawa kāore he mamae uma pērā i te tikanga. I ngā wāhine, he maha ka kitea te ngoikore, te mamae tuarā, te kākā, te koretake o te moe me te māharahara hei tohu matua. I te hunga kaumātua, i te hunga mate huka rānei, he ngoikore ake te rongo i te mamae, ā, ka puta pea te ngoikore ohorere, te hē o te manawa rānei hei tohu tuatahi.
Ko te raru o te uma, te manukanuka, te werawera makariri me te oho ohorere i te pō, i te wā e moe ana rānei, ka tohu pea i te mate manawa e pā ana ki te moe.
He aha ngā Tūraru Matua e Arahi ana ki te Mate Manawa?
He maha ngā tūraru ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te mate manawa, ā, he maha ka noho tahi ēnei tūraru. Ko ngā tūraru e tino kitea ana:
Te kai paipa me ngā hua tupeka
Te piki o te kōrero (ina koa te pikinga o te kōrero LDL)
Te pēhanga toto teitei (mate pēhanga toto)
Te mate huka (mate huka toto)
Te momona me te kore neke tinana
Te kai koretake (he nui te ngako momona me te ngako trans, he iti te muka)
Te hītori o te mate manawa i te whānau i te wā e tamariki ana
Te pēhanga hinengaro me te taumahatanga mauroa
Te pakeke haere (ka piki te tūraru me te pakeke)
Te ira tāne (engari ka piki te tūraru ki ngā wāhine i muri i te paheketanga) Ka taea hoki e ētahi kitenga taiwhanga (pērā i te C-reactive protein, homocysteine) te tohu i te tūraru piki ake. I te rongoā hou, mō te hunga momona, ka taea e ētahi tikanga pokanga, pokanga ā-whakawhitinga hoki, me te huri i te āhua noho, te whakaiti i te tūraru.
Me pēhea te Whakatū i te Mate Manawa?
Ko te mea nui i te tautuhi i te mate manawa, ko te aroturuki i ngā amuamu me te āhua o te tūroro. Ka whai ake ko ēnei whakamātautau matua:
Te hikoarotakenga (EKG): Ka whakaatu i ngā rerekētanga o te mahi hiko o te manawa i te wā o te mate.
Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ina koa ko te pikinga o ngā whākōkī me ngā pūmua e tukuna ana e te uaua o te manawa pērā i te troponin ka tautoko i te tautuhi.
Te arotakenga oro (echocardiography): Ka aromatawai i te kaha kākā o te uaua o te manawa me ngā raruraru nekehanga.
Mēnā e tika ana, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te X-ray o te uma, te CT, te MRI rānei hei whakamātautau tāpiri.
Te angiography korona: Hei tautuhi i te aukatinga me te koretake o te uaua, ā, ka taea hoki te rongoā i taua wā tonu. I te wā o te pokanga, mēnā e tika ana, ka taea te whakamahi i te pōro angioplasty, te stent rānei hei whakatuwhera i te uaua.
Ngā Mea Tuatahi me Mahia i te Mate Manawa
He tino hira te wā mō te tangata e rongo ana i ngā tohu o te mate manawa. Ko ngā mahi matua hei whai i tēnei āhuatanga:
Me waea tonu ki ngā ratonga hauora ohotata (waea ohotata, tono waka tūroro rānei)
Me noho marino te tangata, kaua e neke neke
Mēnā kei te mokemoke, me waiho te kūaha kia tuwhera, me tono āwhina rānei i te hunga tata
Mēnā kua taunakitia e te rata i mua, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rongoā pērā i te nitroglycerin hei ārai
Me tatari kia tae mai te rōpū hauora, kaua e whakapau kaha, kaua hoki e mataku nui Ko te urupare tere, tika hoki i te wā o te mate, ka whakaiti i te kino ki te uaua o te manawa, ka whakapiki hoki i te tūmanako ora.
Ngā Tikanga Hou i te Rongoā Mate Manawa
I ngā tikanga rongoā hou, ka whakamaheretia te rongoā mate manawa i runga i te momo, te kaha o te mate, me ngā tūraru kei te tūroro. Ko te nuinga o te rongoā ka whai i ēnei kaupae:
Ka tīmata tonu te rongoā hei whakatuwhera i te uaua me te rongoā whakarewa toto
I te wā tōmua, ko te pokanga korona (angioplasty, stent) te kōwhiringa tuatahi i te nuinga o te wā
Mēnā e tika ana, ka taea te pokanga by-pass hei whakakapi i ngā uaua kua aukatia ki ngā uaua hauora
I muri i te whakakore i te tūraru nui, ka mahia ngā huringa āhua noho hei tautoko i te hauora o te manawa, te whakamahi rongoā auau, me te whakahaere i ngā tūraru
Ko te whakarere i te kai paipa, te kai hauora, te korikori tinana auau, te whakahaere i te pēhanga hinengaro, me te whakahaere i te mate huka me te pēhanga toto mēnā kei reira, he tino mea nui. I te wā o te rongoā, he mea nui kia whai ngā tūroro i ngā tohutohu a ngā mātanga cardiology me te pokanga uaua manawa, me te haere ki ngā arotakenga auau.
He aha ngā Mea ka Āwhina ki te Ārai i te Mate Manawa?
He maha ngā wā ka taea te whakaiti i te tūraru o te mate manawa mā te huri i te āhua noho:
Me tino karo i te kai paipa me ngā hua tupeka
Me whai kai he iti te kōrero, he nui ngā huawhenua me te muka, he iti te ngako momona me ngā kai tukatuka
Me korikori tinana auau; e taunakitia ana kia 150 meneti i te wiki o te korikori tinana taumata waenga
Me whakahaere i te pēhanga toto me te huka toto; mēnā e tika ana, me whakamahi tonu i te rongoā
Mēnā he taumaha rawa, he momona rānei koe, me rapu āwhina ngaio kia tae ki te taumaha hauora
Me ako ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga hinengaro, me whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tautoko hinengaro. Mā te aro ki ēnei ārahi, ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i te mate nā te mate manawa i te ao whānui.
Ngā Pātai Auau
I tehea pakeke ka tino kitea te mate manawa?
Ka piki te tūraru o te mate manawa i te pakeke haere. Heoi anō, ko ngā āhuatanga ira, te mate huka, sigara whakamahi me ngā āhuatanga noho pēnei i te oranga, ka kitea hoki i waenga i ngā taiohi pakeke.
Ka taea te pāngia e te mate manawa me te kore mamae uma?
Āe. Ina koa i ngā wāhine, hunga mate huka me te hunga kaumātua, ka taea te pāngia e te mate manawa ahakoa kāore he mamae uma. Me aro ki ngā tohu rerekē pēnei i te ngoikore, te koretake o te manawa, te ruaki, te mamae hoki ki te tuara.
Ka pā te mate manawa i te pō, i te wā e moe ana rānei?
Āe, ka taea te pāngia e te mate manawa i te wā e moe ana, i te ata rānei. Ko te hunga e oho ana i te moe nā te mamae uma ohorere, te patuki tere o te manawa, te rangirua rānei, me rapu wawe i te arotakenga rongoā.
He rerekē ngā tohu o te mate manawa i ngā wāhine ki ērā o ngā tāne?
I ngā wāhine, kāore pea e puta te mamae uma tuku iho, engari ka kitea pea te ngoikore, te mamae ki te tuara me te puku, te koretake o te manawa, te ruaki me ētahi atu amuamu rerekē.
He aha ngā āhuatanga ka taea te whakapoauau ki te mate manawa?
Ko ngā mate puku, te mataku nui, ngā mamae uaua-angaanga, te reflux me te pneumonia, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā tohu ōrite ki te mate manawa. Mēnā he rangirua, me tino rapu arotakenga rongoā.
Me kai āpirini i te wā e pāngia ana e te mate manawa?
Mēnā kua taunakitia e tō rata, kāore hoki he mate ārai, ka whai hua pea te kai āpirini mā te ngau i mua i te taenga mai o te āwhina ohotata. Engari, me whai tonu te āwhina rongoā i ngā wā katoa.
Ka taea te whakaora tino i muri i te mate manawa?
Ko te nuinga o te hunga ka whiwhi āwhina wawe, mā te maimoatanga tika me te whakarerekē i te oranga ka taea te hoki ki te oranga hauora. Heoi, i ētahi wā ka puta pea te ngaronga mau tonu o ngā mahi o te manawa.
He aha ngā take o te mate manawa i te hunga rangatahi?
I te hunga rangatahi, ko te kai paipa, te kolesterol teitei, te momona, te kore neke, me ētahi hē ā-iwi o ngā oko toto ka arahi ki te mate manawa.
He aha ngā mea hei aro i te kai hei ārai i te mate manawa?
Me whiriwhiri i ngā huawhenua, ngā hua, ngā witi katoa, te ika me ngā hinu hauora; me whakaiti i te kai hinu momona, hinu trans, te tote me te huka.
Āhea ka taea te tīmata i te korikori tinana i muri i te mate manawa?
Me tīmata te hōtaka korikori tinana i muri i te mate manawa i raro i te tirotiro a te rata me te arotakenga mōrearea whaiaro.
Kia pehea te roa o te noho ki te hōhipera mō te tangata kua pāngia e te mate manawa?
Ka rerekē tēnei wā i runga i te kaha o te mate me ngā maimoatanga i tukuna. I te nuinga o te wā, ka noho ki te hōhipera mō ngā rā ruarua ki te kotahi wiki pea.
Mēnā he mate manawa i roto i te whānau, me aha au?
He tino take mōrearea te hītori whānau. Me karo i te kai paipa, me kai hauora, me korikori tinana, ā, mēnā e tika ana, me mahi arotakenga manawa auau.
Ka taea e te pēhanga hinengaro te arahi ki te mate manawa?
Ka taea e te pēhanga hinengaro roa te whakanui i te mōrearea o te mate manawa. He pai te karo i te pēhanga, te whakamahi rānei i ngā tikanga whakahaere whai hua.
Ngā Rauemi
Te Rōpū Hauora o te Ao (World Health Organization, WHO): Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.
Te Rōpū Manawa o Amerika (American Heart Association, AHA): Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery.
Te Rōpū Manawa o Uropi (European Society of Cardiology, ESC): Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Heart Disease Facts.
New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, Circulation (Ngā hautaka rongoā arotake ā-hoa).