What is acne? How is it treated?

WHAT IS ACNE?

Acne is a common but treatable skin disease that develops as a result of the overactivity of sebaceous glands located on the face, back, chest, and shoulders. It is most frequently observed between the ages of 14 and 20. Hormonal changes during this period cause the skin to produce excess oil. When blockages occur in the ducts of the sebaceous glands, small bumps called "comedones" form. Over time, these may become blackheads or whiteheads.

Acne is not only a skin problem but also a psychological condition that can affect an individual's self-confidence. However, thanks to modern medicine and dermatological practices, acne can be completely controlled and skin health can be restored.

What are the causes of acne?

The primary cause of acne is an increase in androgen hormones. These hormones rise in both girls and boys, especially during adolescence.
The sebaceous glands enlarge and produce excess sebum under the influence of these hormones. This leads to the clogging of pores.

Other causes include:

• Genetic predisposition: Family history plays a significant role in the development of acne.

• Stress: Prolonged emotional tension can disrupt hormonal balance and exacerbate acne.

• Improper use of cosmetics: Products that clog pores can trigger acne.

• Hormonal changes: Situations such as menstruation, pregnancy, and the use of oral contraceptives can cause acne flare-ups.

• Nutrition: Excessive consumption of sugar, white flour, fried foods, and dairy products may lead to an increase in acne in some individuals.

What are the symptoms of acne?

Acne usually begins with the blockage of the opening of the sebaceous gland. As a result of this blockage:

• Closed comedones (whiteheads)
  These are small white bumps that remain beneath the skin.

• Open comedones (blackheads)
  Comedones that reach the skin surface and come into contact with oxygen. Their color darkens due to oxidation, not dirt.

In advanced cases, inflamed pimples, cysts, or nodules may develop. However, with appropriate treatment, these lesions can be completely healed.

What are the treatment methods for acne?

1. Medical Treatment

• Mild acne: Treatment can be achieved with antibiotic creams, solutions, and gels.
  It is recommended to use oil-free moisturizers to prevent skin dryness.

• Moderate and severe acne: Oral antibiotics or isotretinoin treatment may be necessary.
  These treatments should only be administered under the supervision of a dermatologist.

• Hormonal acne: Improvement can be achieved with oral contraceptives or hormonal balancing medications.

2. Supportive Treatments

• Chemical peeling (fruit acids, glycolic acid, lactic acid, TCA):
  Renews the upper layer of the skin, opens pores, and reduces the appearance of scars.

• Laser applications: An effective option during the active acne period or for the treatment of acne scars.

• Fractional laser systems: Frequently preferred, especially for persistent acne scars.

Can acne be treated with herbal methods?

In addition to medical treatment, certain herbal ingredients may support skin health. However, these should not replace a physician's recommendation and should only be used as complementary approaches.

• Aloe Vera: Reduces inflammation in the skin and provides a soothing effect.

• Green Tea Extract: Its antioxidant effect removes free radicals and helps balance sebum.

• Tea Tree Oil: Its natural antibacterial properties may reduce acne-causing bacteria. (Note: Should be used diluted.)

• Lavender Oil: Has a calming effect on the skin and may reduce the appearance of scars.

• Chamomile Cure: Soothes the skin and may reduce redness.

• Plenty of Water and Balanced Nutrition: Consuming 2 liters of water daily and a diet rich in vegetables and fruits supports skin renewal.

What should be known while living with acne?

• Acne is a long-term condition; it requires patience and regular follow-up.

• Squeezing, scratching, or picking at pimples increases the risk of scarring.

• Alcohol-free, pH-balanced products should be preferred for skin cleansing.

• The use of sunscreen is an integral part of acne treatment.

• During the treatment process, avoiding smoking and sugary foods accelerates recovery.

In conclusion;

Acne is a skin disease that can be completely controlled with patience and the right approach.
With appropriate dermatological treatment, supportive natural methods, and regular lifestyle habits, the skin gradually attains a clear, healthy, and balanced appearance.
Remember, every skin has the potential to renew itself; the important thing is proper guidance and consistent care.