Iyini i-Apendisayithi? Yiziphi Izimpawu, Izimbangela Nokwelashwa Kwayo?
Yini i-Apendisithi Kuyini? Yiziphi Izimpawu kanye Nezimbangela ze-Apendisithi, Futhi Ukwelashwa Kwayo Kunjani?
I-appendix, iyisandiso esincane esifana nomunwe esitholakala ohlangothini olungakwesokudla esingezansi esiswini, ekuqaleni kwesitho esikhulu sokugaya ukudla. Usayizi wayo uyahluka kumuntu nomuntu; ngokuvamile ingaba phakathi kwamacentimitha ambalwa kuya kwishumi. Umsebenzi oqondile we-appendix awukacaci ngokuphelele, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi ingaba neqhaza ohlelweni lokuzivikela emzimbeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi yamagciwane esiswini.
I-Apendisithi Kuyini?
I-apendisithi iwukuvuvukala kwe-appendix. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwendawo ephakathi kwe-appendix, okuholela ekwandeni kwamagciwane nasekuvuvukaleni. Ezingeni eliphakeme, ingcindezi iyakhula, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka, izicubu ziya konakala, kungavela i-gangrene futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube nokuqhuma (perforation). Ukuqhuma kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwangaphakathi esiswini kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu emzimbeni; yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngesikhathi.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Zayo? (Izimpawu Zendabuko Neziguquguqukayo)
Ekuqaleni, ubuhlungu obuncane, obungacacile obuzungeze isisu; phakathi namahora, buhambela ohlangothini olungakwesokudla esingezansi (indawo kaMcBurney) futhi buya ngokuya buba bukhulu.
Ubuhlungu buvame ukuba buhlangane nokuzwela uma uthintwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukhwehlela noma uhamba.
Ukuba nesicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa kanye nokungabi nentshisekelo yokudla.
Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakathi nendawo; ezimweni ezinzima, kungavela umkhuhlane omkhulu.
Ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo noma umuzwa wokungakwazi ukukhulula umoya esiswini.
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, buthakathaka. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, asebekhulile kanye nezingane, izimpawu zingase zingabi zicacile; ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, indawo ye-appendix ingase inyukele phezulu futhi ubuhlungu bungazwakala ohlangothini noma phezulu esiswini.
Izinhlobo ze-Apendisithi Zikhona Ziphi?
I-apendisithi ebukhali: Ukuvuvukala okuqala ngokushesha esikhathini esifushane; yindlela evame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo.
I-apendisithi engapheli/ebuyayo: Ayivamile, iba nezimpawu eziphindaphindayo, ezithambile zobuhlungu besisu. Kwezinye izimo, ukuvinjwa okuyingxenye noma ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kungaba yimbangela.
Izimo zokwakheka kwe-abscess: Uma kuvela i-abscess noma ukuqhuma, ukulashwa kwehlukile; uma kukhona i-abscess, kudingeka ukudonswa kwamanzi kanye nokuhlinzwa okuhlelwe.
Yiziphi Izimbangela ze-Apendisithi?
I-apendisithi ivamise ukubangelwa ukuvinjwa kwe-lumen ye-appendix. Izimbangela ezingenzeka zibangele ukuvinjwa:
Amatshe ezindlini (fecaliths),
Ukukhula ngokweqile kwezicubu ze-lymphoid (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni),
Izinto ezingaphandle noma ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza,
Izilokazane noma omasipala besisu,
Ukutheleleka esiswini kanye namanye amagciwane. Ezinye izifo ezivuthayo zesitho sokugaya ukudla zingathinta indawo ezungeze i-appendix. Imbangela eqondile ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuxilongwa?
Ukuxilongwa kwe-apendisithi kusekelwa emlandweni wesiguli kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba; ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zingasetshenziswa:
Izivivinyo zegazi: Kungahlolwa ukukhuphuka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye nezinkomba zokuvuvukala (isb. CRP).
Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukwenza ukuhlukanisa izimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
Izithombe: I-ultrasound ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinganeni nabesifazane abakhulelwe; kubantu abadala nasezimweni ezingacacile, i-CT scan ingasiza ekuxilongweni. Izithombe zingabonisa ukujiya kwe-appendix, uketshezi oluzungezile noma i-abscess. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlola kweklinikhi; uma kudingeka, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha?
Ukuhlinzwa: I-appendectomy (ukususwa kwe-appendix) iyindlela evame kakhulu nephumelelayo yokwelapha. Ingenziwa ngendlela ye-laparoscopic (evaliwe) noma evulekile; indlela yokuhlinza incike esimweni sesiguli, ukuba khona kwe-abscess noma ukuqhuma, kanye nokuhlola kukadokotela ohlinzayo.
Amanye amakhambi: Ezimweni zokuqala nezingelula (ezingelona elinzima), amanye amakhambi angasetshenziswa yedwa, kodwa le ndlela ayiyona ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu; ingacatshangelwa ezigulini ezikhethiwe nezilandelwayo. Uma kukhona i-abscess, kuqala kusetshenziswa amakhambi bese kudonswa uketshezi ngezithombe uma kudingeka, bese kulandelwa ukuhlinzwa okuhlelwe.
Ukudonswa okungaphandle: Uma i-abscess inkulu, kungadonswa uketshezi ngezithombe; emva kwalokho, i-appendectomy ihlelwa ngokuya ngomphumela wokuhlola. Izimo ezidinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo: ukuqhuma, i-peritonitis ebanzi, ukungazinzi kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingavela?
Uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka, izinkinga ezingavela zifaka: i-abscess, ukuqhuma kwe-appendix, ukutheleleka okubanzi kwangaphakathi esiswini (peritonitis), i-sepsis, ukuvinjwa kwesisu ngenxa yokunamathela kwezicubu. Lezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela kanye nokungenelela okuphuthumayo kokuhlinzwa.
Ubuhlungu be-Apendisithi Buhamba Kanjani, Futhi Kufanele Ubonane Nini Nodokotela?
Ubuhlungu buvame ukuba bukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi buqondakale; uma buhambisana nomkhuhlane, ukuqunjelwa noma buya bukhulu uma uhamba, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo. Ikakhulukazi uma kunobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, umkhuhlane okhuphukayo, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukuqina/ukuphikisa esiswini, shesha uye esikhungweni sezempilo.
Yini Engenziwa Ekhaya?
Azikho izivivinyo ezithembekile zasekhaya ze-apendisithi. Ubuhlungu besisu obuncane bungadalwa izizathu ezahlukene; kodwa uma ubuhlungu bukhulu noma buya bukhulu, umkhuhlane, ukuqunjelwa kanye nokungabi nentshisekelo yokudla, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo. Ungasebenzisi imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma yokukhulula isisu ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho; ezinye izindlela zingase zenze kube nzima ukuthola ukuxilongwa.
Kufanele Kwenzekani Ngemva Kokululama?
Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa sincike endleleni esetshenzisiwe kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga. Uma kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic, isikhathi sokulala esibhedlela sivame ukuba sifushane futhi ukubuyela emsebenzini kushesha; uma kube khona ukuqhuma noma ukutheleleka okubanzi, ukululama kungathatha isikhathi eside. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela, ukunakekela isilonda kanye nokulandela imingcele yokusebenza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
I-apendisithi ivame ukuba kuphi?
Ngokuvamile itholakala ohlangothini olungakwesokudla esingezansi esiswini (indawo kaMcBurney). Kodwa ubuhlungu bokuqala buvame ukuqala buzwakale eduze nesisu bese buhambela ohlangothini olungakwesokudla esingezansi.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-apendisithi?
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu; ubuhlungu obuhambela ohlangothini olungakwesokudla esingezansi esiswini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukungabi nentshisekelo yokudla, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa kanye nomkhuhlane ophansi. Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
Kubona kanjani i-apendisithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Izimpawu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase zihluke kunokujwayelekile; ubuhlungu bungazwakala phezulu futhi ukuqunjelwa/ukungabi nentshisekelo yokudla kungahambisana nokukhulelwa. Yingakho uma kukhona ukungabaza, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kubalulekile.
Kwenzekani uma i-apendisithi iqhuma?
Ukuqhuma kuholela ekusabalaleni kwamagciwane esiswini, i-abscess noma i-peritonitis ebanzi; lezi zimo zidinga ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kanye nokunakekelwa okukhulu kwezokwelapha.
Ingabe i-apendisithi ihlale idinga ukuhlinzwa?
Kwezinye izimo, i-appendectomy iyadingeka. Kodwa kwezinye iziguli ezikhethiwe, ezingelona elinzima, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi kungakhethwa; uhlelo lokwelapha lunqunywa udokotela ngokuya ngesimo sesiguli.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuhlola i-apendisithi ekhaya?
Cha. Ayikho indlela ethembekile yasekhaya yokuhlola i-apendisithi. Uma kunobuhlungu besisu obukhulu noma obuqhubekayo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe.
Ngemva kwe-appendectomy, kudingeka ukuphumula isikhathi esingakanani?
Isikhathi sokululama sincike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa kanye nokuba khona kwezinkinga. Uma kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic, imisebenzi elula ingaqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa ukululama okuphelele kungathatha amasonto. Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho.
Yiziphi izimpawu ze-apendisithi ezinganeni?
Ezinganeni, izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi azicaci; ukukhathazeka okukhulu,ukuntuleka kokudla, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu besisu obukhula uma uhamba kuyizixwayiso ezibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokushesha ezinganeni.
Imithombo
World Health Organization (WHO)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
American College of Surgeons (ACS)
Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES)
European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES)
Izibuyekezo zezihloko kanye nemihlahlandlela: New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, World Journal of Surgery
(Qaphela: Lo mbhalo uhlinzeka ngolwazi olujwayelekile; ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa komuntu siqu, xhumana nochwepheshe bezempilo.)