What is acne? How is it treated?

WHAT IS ACNE?

Acne is a common but treatable skin disease that develops as a result of the overactivity of sebaceous glands located on the face, back, chest, and shoulders. It is most frequently seen between the ages of 14 and 20. Hormonal changes during this period cause the skin to produce excess oil. When blockages occur in the ducts of the sebaceous glands, small bumps called “comedones” form. These may eventually turn into blackheads or white pimples.

Acne is not only a skin problem but also a psychological condition that affects an individual's self-confidence. However, thanks to modern medicine and dermatological practices, acne can be completely controlled and skin health can be restored.

What are the causes of acne?

The main cause of acne is an increase in androgen hormones. These hormones increase in both girls and boys, especially during adolescence.
Sebaceous glands grow under the influence of these hormones and produce excess sebum. This leads to clogged pores.

Other causes include:

• Genetic predisposition: Family history plays an important role in the development of acne.

• Stress: Prolonged emotional tension can disrupt hormonal balance and increase acne.

• Incorrect use of cosmetics: Products that clog pores can trigger acne.

• Hormonal changes: Situations such as menstruation, pregnancy, and the use of birth control pills can cause acne flare-ups.

• Nutrition: Excessive consumption of sugar, white flour, fried foods, and dairy products may lead to an increase in pimples in some individuals.

What are the symptoms of acne?

Acne usually begins with the blockage of the opening of the sebaceous gland. As a result of this blockage:

• Closed comedones (whiteheads)
  These are small white bumps that remain under the skin.

• Open comedones (blackheads)
  Comedones that reach the skin surface and come into contact with oxygen. Their color darkens due to oxidation, not dirt.

In advanced cases, inflamed pimples, cysts, or nodules may form. However, with appropriate treatment, these lesions can be completely healed.

What are the treatment methods for acne?

1. Medical Treatment

• Mild acne: Treatment can be achieved with antibiotic creams, solutions, and gels.
  It is recommended to use oil-free moisturizers to prevent skin dryness.

• Moderate and severe acne: Oral antibiotics or isotretinoin treatment may be necessary.
  These treatments should only be administered under the supervision of a dermatology specialist.

• Hormonal acne: Improvement can be achieved with birth control pills or hormonal balancing medications.

2. Supportive Treatments

• Chemical peeling (fruit acids, glycolic acid, lactic acid, TCA):
  Renews the upper layer of the skin, opens pores, and reduces the appearance of scars.

• Laser applications: An effective option during the active acne period or for the treatment of acne scars.

• Fractional laser systems: Especially preferred for persistent acne scars.

Can acne be treated with herbal methods?

In addition to medical treatment, some herbal ingredients may support skin health. However, these should not replace a doctor's recommendation and should only be used as complementary.

• Aloe Vera: Reduces inflammation in the skin and provides a soothing effect.

• Green Tea Extract: Cleans free radicals with its antioxidant effect and helps balance sebum.

• Tea Tree Oil: Its natural antibacterial property may reduce acne-causing bacteria. (Note: Should be used diluted.)

• Lavender Oil: Has a calming effect on the skin and may reduce the appearance of scars.

• Chamomile Cure: Soothes the skin and may reduce redness.

• Plenty of Water and Balanced Nutrition: Consuming 2 liters of water daily and a diet rich in vegetables and fruits supports skin renewal.

What should be known while living with acne?

• Acne is a long-term condition; it requires patience and regular follow-up.

• Squeezing, scratching, or picking at pimples increases the risk of scarring.

• Alcohol-free, pH-balanced products should be preferred for skin cleansing.

• Use of sunscreen is an integral part of acne treatment.

• Avoiding smoking and sugary foods during the treatment process accelerates recovery.

In conclusion;

Acne is a skin disease that can be completely controlled with patience and the right approach.
With appropriate dermatological treatment, supportive natural methods, and regular lifestyle habits, the skin gradually attains a clean, healthy, and balanced appearance.
Remember, every skin has the potential to renew itself; what matters is proper guidance and consistent care.